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Video on How Energy Flows Through an Ecosystem.

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Video on How Energy Flows Through an Ecosystem.

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This may be cheating but the video does do an exceptional job at explaining how energy flows through an ecosystem.

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(I couldn't find an image of an energy efficiency model so ill just explain it.) The bottom step of the pyramid is the producers AKA the plants, lets say the producers produce 10000 calories. The second step of the pyramid is the primary consumer, the organisms that eat the producers, they will gain about 1000 calories from eating the producers. The next step in the pyramid is the secondary consumers, these are the organisms that eat the primary consumers, they gain about 100 calories from eating them(an organism can be both a primary and secondary consumer). The next and final step of the pyramid is the tertiary consumers, they can eat both primary and secondary consumers, but for the sake of keeping a simple model lets say they only eat the secondary consumers. They gain about 1 calorie from this, this is why there are far fewer tertiary consumers than there are primary consumers because its much harder for them to get enough food.

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This is an example of a food web. It shows us about much biomass, which is how much living material is in an organism, is in each tier of a food web. As you go higher up the pyramid there is less and less biomass because it takes so many calories from the producers to feed an organism that going to eat another organism which then eats another organisms which ate an producers. As each organisms is eaten the organisms eating it only gains about 10% of its biomass. This is why there is less and less biomass the more organisms that need to be eaten to get to the top consumers.

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This is a diagram of a food web. The plants make energy from sun light then a primary consumer eats the plants. Then a secondary consumer eats the primary consumer. But Secondary consumers can also be primary consumers if they eat plants. Only tertiary consumers don't eat plants and they eat primary and secondary consumers and can eat other tertiary consumers.

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This diagram shows us why when an organisms eats another organisms its only getting a fraction of its weight. The mouse eats say 100 kilo calories of food it will then loose around 90% of that energy in respiration in cells, heat loss, or defecation(pooping). The other about 10% will go to biomass or the weight of the organisms. So that why when an organisms eats another organism such as a mouse it only gets around 10% of the energy the mouse ate.

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The small bird may then be eaten by a hawk which which then gets the biomass of the bird or energy in the bird.

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When any of these organisms die the parts that aren't eaten by the organism that kills it, is decomposed by decomposers such as worms that might then be eaten by a small bird. This creates a cycle of how energy flows into an environment and through it.

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Tertiary consumers are predators that are on the top of the food chain, such as hawks. There are fewer Tertiary consumers and  organisms as you get higher up the food chain because it takes more energy produced by the producers such as how it takes at least about 1000 calories that the producers produce to get 1 calorie to the tertiary consumers, so that is why there are far fewer birds of pray than there are caterpillars or birds.

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Secondary consumers are organisms that eat the primary consumers. Some organisms can eat both, Such as birds because they eat both plants and animals so they can be both primary and secondary consumers.

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Caterpillars and other organisms that eat plants are primary consumers, this means they are the first organisms to get energy from the plants.

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There are thousands of species of plants and thousands of plants. These are our planets producers. They are producers because they use photosynthesis to create energy from the sun. But only about 10% of the biomass is given to the primary consumers, this is the net productivity of the plants, the gross productivity is how much the energy the plants produce. These make up primary productivity.

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There are hundreds of thousands of stars/suns in the universe since the universes is infinite to our knowledge.

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Explanation of How Energy Flows Though an Ecosystem.

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Explanation of How Energy Flows Though an Ecosystem.

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As we go farther and farther down the line there are less and less organisms.

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The caterpillar or decomposer might then be eaten by a small bird that, the bird will get a portion of the caterpillars energy.

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The leaves that fall off the plants are called detritus. This detritus is then eaten by decomposers, such as worms.

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Or other organisms such as a caterpillar then eat the leafs that contain the energy so the Caterpillar then gets some of the energy from the leaf.

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Plants use the light from the Sun to create energy using photosynthesis.

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How Energy Flows Through an Ecosystem/ Upside Down Pyramid Model.

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How Energy Flows Through an Ecosystem/ Upside Down Pyramid Model.

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Light from the Sun comes to Earth