# data[].attributes.body
Ciran Miller
Riley Roessler
Brayden Vaughn
Kenji Lebbon

# data[].attributes.body
- Built on the idea of operant conditioning and the law of effect established by Thorndike by incoporating the concept of reinforcement - behavior that is reinforced will be repeated, while that which is not reinforced will cease to occur
- Measured 3 types of responses/operants - neutral operants, reinforcers, and punishers - reinforces encourage behavior, punishers discorage behavior, and neutral operants do neither
- Determined various forms of reinforcement based on combinations between positive/negative reinforcement and punishment - graphed schudules of reinforcement to determine how behavior was affected by these factors
- Skinner's work with reinforcement would go on to influnce various other models, such as behavioral modification therapy, token economies, and behavioral shaping

# data[].attributes.body
- Creator of Drive Reduction Theory - the idea that all human motivation was tied to biological deprivation - lack of a given resource leads to the activation of drives, which lead to goal-motivated actions by the individual in order to stay alive
- Built on previous ideas of reinforcement in order to create his theory - the reduction of specific drives once the necessary resources are obtained leads to behavioral reinforcement - began to describe behavior as a complex interaction between an organism and its surroundings
- Would go on to influence many other psychologists through his position as a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and the University of Yale - his ideas would eventually be largely discretided by modern psychology, but his focus on experimental methods set a standard for many researchers in the field

# data[].attributes.body
- Largely responsible for the discovery of classical conditioning, wherein a certain stimulus that would typically ellicit one response is reprogrammed to ellicit another response - became famous for the experiments he performed on dogs in order to do so
- First noticed this phenomenon when he observed that the dogs he was feeding for a different experiment began to salivate when his assistance appeared, not when food was presented - began to test this reponse more, feeding the dogs whenever a metronome clicked - dogs eventually learned to salivate whenever they heard those clicks
- Coined the terms unconditioned resonse, neutral response, and conditioned response - dogs salivating due to food is an unconditioned response, a specfic sound is a neutral response, and dogs salivating due to a specific sound is a conditioned response
- Also stressed the theory of temporal contiguity in relation to his writing - conditioning/learning will only occur if the stimuli (for example, a bell and being fed) are presented in quick succesion

# data[].attributes.body
Behaviorism is based on the theory that learning and all learning are acquired through conditioning. Behaviorism states that all and habits are formed through environmental stimuli in other words there is no such thing as innate behavior, it is all learned one way or another. Behaviorism as a school of though largely denies the existence of innate behavior such as instincts. In addition this psychological perspective is based around observing and manipulating the development and learning.  Behaviorism focuses on observations of behavior but also in large part deals with behavioral conditioning. There are four kinds of reinforcement within Operant Conditioning: positive reinforcement, positive punishment, negative reinforcement, and negative punishment.

# data[].attributes.headline
Key Figure: Edward Thorndike (1874-1949)

# data[].attributes.subject
Key Figure: Edward Thorndike (1874-1949)

# data[].attributes.body
- Established the idea of operant conditioning, which measured the degree to which inidividuals learned from their behavior
- Conducted an experiment in which he put a cat in a puzzle box with a lever to open it and a reward to get out - measured progressively lower escape times, showing that the animal was learning
- Based on this experiment in operant conditioning, developed the law of effect - responses that produce a satisfying effect in a given situation are more likely to be repeated in that situation, while behaviors that produce a discomforting effect in a given situation are less likely to be repeated
- Thorndike's theories regarding reinforcement and the effect of application of psychological principles would go on to inspire other behavioral psychologists, included B.F. Skinner and Clark L. Hull

# data[].attributes.body
-It can explain behaviors present in a society
-Shows us what behaviors are learned and unlearned
-Can be applied to animals

# data[].attributes.headline
 The disadvantages/shortcomings of the behavioral perspective.

# data[].attributes.subject
 The disadvantages/shortcomings of the behavioral perspective.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Not taking into account unconscious influences.
2. Does not address the cognitive and biological processes that affect human actions.
3. No conscious insight into behavior.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Conditioning- People are conditions by their environment to do certain actions
2. Learned- Actions that are learned from experience
3. Reward- When a reward is given to someone for doing something they will want to do it more
4. Punishment- When a punishment is given for doing something they will want too do it less
5. Unlearned- Actions that are innate in people