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Definition
A joking use of a word sounding like another
Effects
Engaging the reader"s attention through the use of humor
Can be used to highlight an important idea
Often an interesting way of starting a text e.g. a headline
Example
Deciding where to bury him was a grave decision

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Definition
Brackets, dashes or commas are used to separate phrases with the main sentence
Effects
Show's writers personal views
Can used to create irony or humor
Example
Most teenagers in the survey said they didn't like homework!(what a surprise!)

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Definition
Ideas are presented in a way that seems opposite to what is really meant
Effects
Creates Humor
Can over-exaggerate a situation
Engages reader to a personal level
Example
"what a lovely day" when it's pouring with rain

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Definition
Language that is used to create a particular emotional response in the reader
Effects
Can create strong feelings such as anger,guilt,joy,concern, empathy, hope etc
Involves the reader in the text
Example
This disastrous situation will only get worse unless we do something about it

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Definition
The writer uses superlatives and adjectives to make a situation seem much worse/better than it really is
Effects
Shows the writer"s strong feelings
Can be used in humorous or ironic ways
Example
Many schools have become like learning factories

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Definition
Types of imagery
Metaphor- one object is said to be the same as another
Simile- objects are compared to each other- look for like or as
Effects
Makes the writing more interesting and imaginative for the reader

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Definition
The knowledge of an experts is referred to by the writer
Effects
Can show an alternative point of view
The reader trusts what the writer is saying
Quotations are very persuasive

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Definition
Information and data, that can be proved to be true

Effects
There are a range of specific effects, including to shock, surprise, support the writer's view etc

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Definition
The writer involves the reader by relating the subject to their lives
look for you, we, us, our
Effects
Makes the reader care about the subject
Establishes a relationship between the reader and writer
The writing is less intimidating

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Definition: The writer incorporates aspects of their personal experience into the text- look for I
Effects
Appeals to the reader- makes the writer seem more human/pathos

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Definition
The technique of repeating the same word or phrase
Effects
Highlight key messages
Reinforces important points
Links different parts of the text

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Definition
Three nouns, adjectives or verbs will be used in a lists within sentence

Effects
The 'magic 3' fixes itself in the readers mind
Highlights important ideas

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Definition
Within a sentence, a series of words will begin with the same sound

Effects
Draws attention to the key words
Can be used to reinforce ideas/topics
May be used for humorous effect

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Definition
The writer will not expect you to answer this question they suggest the answer for you

Effects
Draws the reader into the text
Introduces ideas/topics
Makes the reader think

Example
Should UK leave the European Union