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Scientists reported that a fungal pathogen may negatively affect the growth of soybeans (Gycine max). Soybean growth decreased during three years of high rainfall, and the soybean roots were poorly developed. Close relatives if R. anaerobis are plant pathogens and grow in the soil. a lectin-like protein was found in the soil around the soybean roots. This protein may have been secreted by the fungus. Lectins induce mitosis in some root apical meristem tissues. In many instances, rapid cell divisions weaken plant tissues.
You have been asked to investigate whether the fungal pathogen lectin affects the number of cells undergoing mitosis in a different plant, using root tips.
Answer the following questions about experimental design.
1. What is your experimental hypothesis? your null hypothesis? Are these the same?
2. How would you design an experiment with onion bulbs to test whether lectins increase the number of cells in mitosis?
3. What would you measure, and how would you measure it?
4. What would be an approporiate control for your experiment

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1. Observe the images for Onion root tip cells #1, #2, and treated. The treated cell was exposed to lectin.
2. Count the number of cells in Interphase and mitosis for all cells.
Complete Data Table #1 for the onion root tip cells.
3. Calculate the percentage of cells in each phase.
4. Answer the following questions

Was there a significant difference between the two groups, untreated and treated?

Did the fungal pathogen increase the number of cells in mitosis?

What other experiment should you perform to verify your findings?

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The hallmark of sexual reproduction is the great diversity seen in the gametes and in the offspring. Meiosis is integral to sexual reproduction because this type of cell division produces the sex cells, gametes.  Follow the link , https://www.cellsalive.com/meiosis.htm, and then Answer the following questions.
1. How do sexually reproducing organisms produce gametes from diploid progenitors?
2. How does the process increase gamete diversity?
3. What are the outcomes from independant assortment and crossing over?
4. Are homologous chromosomes exact copies of each other?
5. What is crossing over?
6. What is meant by indepdendent assortment?
7. What happens if a homologous pair of chromosomes fails to separate, and how might this contribute to genetic disorders such as Down syndrome and cri du chat syndrome?
8. How are mitosis and meiosis fundamentally different?

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Lee & Nicky Mitosis and Meiosis questions 

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Cristyn Rodriguez, Coral Murray, Juan Milisenda, Glenda Jurado

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Cristyn Rodriguez, Coral Murray, Juan Milisenda, Glenda Jurado

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Both Part 1 & Part 2

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Florentina Onolfo, Isabel Teran, Hayley Kopf

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Florentina Onolfo, Isabel Teran, Hayley Kopf

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Lucas Prodromou, Gianfranco Ide, Joseph Latoni

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Lucas Prodromou, Gianfranco Ide, Joseph Latoni