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The amount of light an object reflects relative to its surroundings

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This concerns the lengths of straight lines between arrow tips, has been the subject of more than 1250 scienctific publications

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The two red bars cast identical sized images on our retinas, but experience tells us that a more distant object can create the same sized image as a nearer one only if it is actually larger

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We percieve the form of familiar objects as constant even while our retinal images of them change

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As we move, objects that are actually stable may appear to move. Objects beyond the fixation point appear to move with you.

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We perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away. We perceive the lower part of a figure ground illustration as closer. We percieve it as a figure

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A gradual change from a coarse, distinct texture to a fine, indistinct texture signals increasing distance. Objects far away appear smaller and more densely packed

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Because light from distant objects passes through more atmosphere, we percieve hazy objects as farther away than sharp, clear objects

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If one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer

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If we assume two objects are similar in size we perceive the one that casts a smaller image as farther away

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Depth cues, such as interposition and linear perspective, available to either eye alone

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A binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes converge inward when looking at an object. The greater the inward strain, the closer the object.

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A binocular cue for percieving depth: by comparing images from the two eyeballs, the brain computes distance- the greater the disparity between the two images, the closer the object

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Depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of two eyes

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A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

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The ability to see objects in 3 demensions although the images that strike the retina are two dimensional; allows us to judge distance

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We fill in gaps to create a complete, whole object. So we assume that the circles are complete

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Because they are uniform and linked, we percieve the two dots and line between them

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We percieve smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones. The pattern at lower left could be a series of alternating semicircles but we percieve it as two continuous lines, one wavy, one straight

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We group nearby figures together that are similar together.

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We group nearby figures together. We see not six separate lines, but three sets of two lines.

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The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups.

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The organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from their surroundings( the ground)

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- an organized whole. Gestalt psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes.

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- the tendency for vision to dominate the other senses