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Psychology for sports performance - assignment 2 

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Psychology for sports performance - assignment 2 

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P3 - Describe stress and anxiety, their causes, symptoms and effect on sports performance
P4 - Describe  three theories of arousal and the effect on sports performance.
M2 - Explain three theories of arousal and the effect on sports performance.

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Stress is primarily a physical response. When stressed, the body thinks it is under attack and switches to 'fight or flight' mode, releasing a complex mix of hormones and chemicals such as adrenaline, cortisol and norepinephrine to prepare the body for physical action.
www.stress.org.uk/what-is-stress/

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cognitive, symptoms of stress

Depression or general unhappiness.

Anxiety and agitation.

Moodiness, irritability, or anger.

Feeling overwhelmed.

Loneliness and isolation.

Other mental or emotional health problems.

somatic, symptoms often reported by those experiencing excess stress include sleep disturbances or changes in sleeping habits (insomnia or sleeping too much), muscle tension, muscle aches, headache, gastrointestinal problems, and fatigue.
https://www.medicinenet.com/stress/article.htm
behavioural, this how people's thoughts affect their emotions and behavioural. It attempts to influence a client's irrational thoughts while focusing directly on identifying and changing behaviours and thought patterns.
ww.apa.org/pi/aids/resources/research/schneiderman.aspx

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Description of the different types of stress  

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Description of the different types of stress  

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There is Distress which is the most referred to, this is where people are having negative thoughts and implications.
Another would be eustress, this is a form of stress that gives us positive feelings and makes us feel good about our self.

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Stress is implemented by many impacts, causes from every day occurrences which cant be helped.
internal, these are problems that cant be stopped and will stress you out but easy to handle with composure. examples of such as expectations, attitude, feelings, physical factors are illness and injury are causes of stress however psychological impacts such as anxiety and fear are stressful causes.
external, are factors that cause stress outside the body such as environment, situations, events.
occupational, stress factors caused by work such as bosses and work load , work colleges and people you have to deal with while working .
sports environmental, this is stress before or during a game of not knowing the result or how the game will play out, or it could be the nerves and fear of playing that just manipulate yourself in to thinking the worse result.

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stress effects performance because of the fear factors and nervousness it brings, for example a effect on performance would be loss of technique when creating a tackle in rugby where you are considering the size of the player last minute causing a change in technique to a more restrained one to protect yourself more.
nervous system response, In the male anatomy, the autonomic nervous system, also known as the fight or flight response, produces testosterone and activates the sympathetic nervous system which creates arousal. Stress causes the body to release the hormone cortisol, which is produced by the adrenal glands.
www.apa.org/helpcenter/stress-body.aspx
negative mental state, depending on the status of performance you will need to concentrate for will determine how stressed you would be for the build up or during for if it was a finale than just a regular friendly, over thinking and paranoia will start to set in if you don't compose yourself before the game or the day before duet o fear of loosing the game.

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State anxiety describes the experience of unpleasant feelings when confronted with specific situations, demands or a particular object or event. State anxiety arises when the person makes a mental assessment of some type of threat.

Like state anxiety, trait anxiety arises in response to a perceived threat, but it differs in its intensity, duration and the range of situations in which it occurs. Trait anxiety refers to the differences between people in terms of their tendency to experience state anxiety in response to the anticipation of a threat.

https://www.livestrong.com/article/98672-differences-between-state-anxiety-/

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When under the influence of stress or anxiety it can determine you concentration on the game. The right amounts of stress helps you prepare, focus, and perform at your at your optimal level. however, a lot of bad stress can cause performance anxiety, which effects your health and how to play relaxed and how focused you are in a game situation. using techniques before the game also known as pregame rituals can determine the mind set for the game. thatwhysome teams listen to music or get themselves wound up to ensure that there mind set is solely on the outcome of the game.

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A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome.

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internal, this is a sudden urge of over whelming even fear, sweating, trembling in some cases shortness of breath and sense of choking.

external is what people can identify about you when you are coping with anxiety. you will see that they look tense and strong body language of anger or sad they have poor sleep and appears irritable.

occupational is a this is a form of anxiety that is linked to your job or workplace because of the stress of working building on you anxiety is the idea of not doing something right.

sports environment is the idea of losing a game or not doing well which puts you on edge because you have to play with your team and if you let them down the feeling of people being angry or upset at you fucks.

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arousal is the state of being physiologically alert, awake, and attentive.

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there are many causes of anxiety which makes it harder to identify what causes it but we have ideas. so examples of anxiety causes

Stress at work.

Stress from school

Stress in a personal relationship such as marriage

Financial stress

Stress from an emotional trauma such as the death of a loved one

Stress from a serious medical illness

Side effect of medication

Use of an illicit drug, such as cocaine

all are high demanding in concentration and all will be a large impact on you during stressful time, so anxiety is worrying about something and worrying about these because we all want to succeed in these examples.

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anxiety is a form of disorder that cant be helped in situations,
examples

Panic, fear, and uneasiness.

Sleep problems.

Not being able to stay calm and still.

Cold, sweaty, numb or tingling hands or feet.

Shortness of breath.

Heart palpitations.

Dry mouth.

Nausea.

everyone has encounters with symptoms like these so in some way everyone has had effects of anxiety within there life.

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Three arousal theories that effect your sports performance 

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Three arousal theories that effect your sports performance 

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Arousal,inked with anxiety which determines a players nervousness as such,arousal determines how motivated thew team is to compete. arousal can implemented on teams to encourage performance optimal level. to much arousal can cause your team to be over motivated causing stress throughout the game. players that over commit become anxious and so engulfed in the game that any negative effect against their team can spark an aggressive reaction. also a large amount of pressure is built from the severity of the match for if a game that is due to be played is a important one such as a finale players will take on a load of pressure that can influence there game.

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At low levels of arousal, performance will be below par, the athlete is not psyched up. As arousal increases so does performance, up to an optimal point. After this point, further increases in arousal lead to declines in performance, causing anxiety and fatigue.
https://revisionworld.com/a2-level-level-revision/pe-physical.../inverted-u-theory

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arousal is related to performance in an inverted 'U' fashion when the athlete is not worried or has low cognitive anxiety state anxiety. If cognitive anxiety is high, the increases in arousal pass a point of optimal arousal and a rapid decline in performance occurs (the catastrophe).
https://revisionworld.com/a2-level-level-revision/pe.../arousal/catastrophe-model

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the theory of the diagram shown is that the more aroused you are when playing the higher the performance of the player is.