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Cantata: Clori vezzosa e bella (H134). Alessandro Scarlatti

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Cantata: Clori vezzosa e bella (H134). Alessandro Scarlatti

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*da capo (m 87)
*section A - the shepherd welcomes more torment of love
*section B - hope that Clori may someday feel pity and recognize his devotion to her
*ending on a subdominant - continuo repeats a segment of the ritornello in the new key
*continuo done - the second vocal statement enters
* section B- development/contrasts the key and the mood presented in section A.
*chromatic harmonies in recitative add strong emotion,energy and life to the piece.
*“pene” is first harmonized with a diminished 7th chord in section A/section B a Neapolitan 6th chord
*mood transitions- witty sense of irony ( bouncy melodic gestures)
*harmonic pattern-> change of emotion: shepherd now is feeling an even balance of pleasure and pain.
*Neapolitan sixth chord: a first inversion triad with a flatted second degree of the scale

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CLORI VEZZOSA, E BELLA: CONCLUSION (CANTATA) 

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CLORI VEZZOSA, E BELLA: CONCLUSION (CANTATA) 

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*alternating the stanzas of the poetry to fit 6, 7, 11 syllables (asymmetrical rhyme scheme)
*Clori vezzosa, e bella: “Charming and pretty Clori.”
*2 recitative-aria pairs, which are voiced with a basso continuo
*theme = a pastoral love poem, pastoral meaning shepherd in Latin.
*shepherd's emotions - harmonizing the emotions, “pena”, “gioire”, and “martire”, dissonantly
*dissonance to portray the intensity of the emotions the shepherd felt towards Clori
*m 37 to 44, the shepherd is in a mellow, content with life, state (simplistic harmony and melody)
*frequent occurrences of diminished 7th chords, which were approached by the local dominant of the key; this appeared at measures 39,46, and 49.
*vocal dominant preceded by a diminished seventh chord: added intensity to the harmony and the piece itself,  added a sense of strong emotion to support the vocalist.

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*Da Capo Aria : a large ABA form.
*Text= complementary or conflicting thoughts, ideas, or emotions
* sections add new elements & help support the story even more as it progresses
composers do tend to vary the precise structure to add their own flair.
*excessive amount of repetitio= freedom for singers through ornamentations, embellishments

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Full Name: Pietro Alessandro Gaspare Scarlatti, most commonly known as Alessandro Scarlatti
age 12: study under Giacomo Carissimi until 1674
married Antonia Anzalone at 18 (10 kids)
Wrote his first known opera, Gli equivoci nel sembiante - produced at 19
Next opera, L'honestà negli amori
115+ operas & 500+ chamber cantatas which featured one to two voices with a harpsichord
Founded the so-called Neapolitan school of opera
1722: composed his official last works of opera, including IL trionfo dell'onore and Griselda
1722: return to Naples and enjoy his complete retirement
last year teaching and enjoying the company of his dearest friend Johann Adolph Hass

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*Cantata-leading vocal chamber form
*Sponsors for private parties for elite (included performances of cantatas)
*Cantatas written for solo voice with continuo; some feature 2+ voices
*Text took the form of dramatic narrative or soliliquy
*Alessandro Scarlatti wrote 600+ cantatas, marking a high point in this repertory

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*Strophic songs (2+ stanzas sung to same music)
*ground bass arias (short 2 part arias in AB form 3 part ABB' and ABA or ABA' and rondo forms ABACA or ABAB'A )
*arias typically reflected the meaning of the text through musical motives in the melody or accompaniment

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*Principal Italian Center: Venice
* Venice= the popular demand, the financial support, and the audience
*Well established in Florence and Naples
*Leading Composers: Giovanni Legrenzi (Ferrara)
Alessandro Scarlatti (Venice)
*Star singers= successful opera productions
*number of arias in opera increased due to popular demand (24 mid century- 60 1670s)

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*Italy was divided into numerous sovereign states
*Music was supported by many rulers and cities (Competition)
*Stylistic evolution: Da Capo Aria and Tonality
*Opera- leading genre
*Cantata- most prominent form of vocal chamber music
*Italian music took place in the north