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The houses have been built on illegal land or land that hasn’t been built on yet.Which has all kinds of effects because first of all the government might not want to have all the houses shown to tourist because it looks unpleasant and will destroy  the houses. As well as the land that the houses have been built on there might be pipes / tunnels with clean water leading to the city and if that gets broken the hole city won’t have clean water.One of the problems as well is that there is a lot of rubbish/garbage around in the village and often they will burn the plastic which brings toxics in the air which the village members breath in.  

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The houses have been built on illegal land or land that hasn’t been built on yet.Which has all kinds of effects because first of all the government might not want to have all the houses shown to tourist because it looks unpleasant and will destroy  the houses. As well as the land that the houses have been built on there might be pipes / tunnels with clean water leading to the city and if that gets broken the hole city won’t have clean water.One of the problems as well is that there is a lot of rubbish/garbage around in the village and often they will burn the plastic which brings toxics in the air which the village members breath in.  

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This images shows that this family has no chance on education because as you can see the kids have to do all of the work for their parents. Also the houses in their Kampung are not that good and stabled. So it could get very dangerous. Also their parents probably do not have a job, so they will not have much money to get good quality things. The families will not have enough money to get food and drinks. The should be many little street foods around the kampung, which is very cheap. Also they will not have clean water to wash their clothes in and other things they would like to wash. 

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Houses are crammed together and poorly constructed suggesting overcrowded living conditions. This might lead to lack of space and privacy. This is vital as lack of privacy can cause serious depression and peevishness. 

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Houses are crammed together and poorly constructed suggesting overcrowded living conditions. This might lead to lack of space and privacy. This is vital as lack of privacy can cause serious depression and peevishness. 

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This shanty town is in a terrible condition where houses are built themselves. Flooding is highly possible due to no drainage. These conditions are very unpleasant and affect the people mentally and physically. The people living here are mostly in poverty. People here are 

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This image  you can see straight away has lots of air pollution and garbage everywhere around that area like houses, pathways and also drains sometimes . In this image if you can see closely there are poor facilities and the homes are not quite stable when a natural disaster comes like flooding, earthquakes and more e.g floods, tropical storms because the place is  not secure enough and can fall down any minute. This village is very cramped and the transportation is very hard to get so people would have to walk if they want to go anywhere. Also the people living here is having trouble to get a job over in there place and the outside world because the people are poor and cannot pay money for food .The land they are living in are people who doesn’t want that space because of something.

The ECONOMIC EFFECTS are-They earn money by going to the market or sell food around there place where they live.

The SOCIAL EFFECTS are- For the women they would do all the cleaning and all the things to earn money and the children would just play with each other because they don’t have any gadgets and toys.

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WWW
There were some real strengths
- using the key vocab (SEEP)
- using other important geographical vocab e.g. intrastructure/waterborne disease etc.
- detailed explanations (using connectives such as 'this means that...' 'the consequence of this is....' 'this can be explained by....' will help you do this)

EBI
- making links between factors
- being more factual (some of you were using an overly familiar chatty style of writing)
- explaining the long term implications of things like poor health/lack of access to education
- for some of you your WWWs are the EBIs above which you didn't do

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As seen in the image below, there are several horribly built houses lined up along a poorly taken care of the river. The people living here probably have to work very hard every day to earn the most amount possible to be able to buy food and other supplies they may need. I have also spotted that the river water is unclean and it looks like if someone (or something) swam or bathed in water, with these very low conditions, they could get serious diseases. Of course, the unlucky people living here would no longer be living if the water was not accessible, and sadly, the only water they have on hand is the river water which again, is not in its best conditions.

It looks like there could be a very high chance of flooding because the houses are located near to the river. This is a problem because it would be very easy to destroy these houses with a simple mildly strong wave. If this situation occurred, the unlucky families currently living in this settlement would have to relocate themselves. From what I have taken in, it would take a long while to find another place that would be suitable to settle for, potentially, the rest of their lives.

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In the picture below, this man is living in a river where it's fully layered with rubbish.

This shanty town is in a terrible condition where houses are built themselves. Flooding is highly possible due to no drainage. These conditions are very unpleasant and affect the people mentally and physically. The people living here are mostly in poverty. People here are mostly in disgust but are used to the conditions.

The jobs here are most probably rubbish picking and working in factories outside the area. People here may also be beggars and have small stalls selling food. Medical wise people here would not afford or even be able to reach a decent hospital or clinic. Children here mostly don't have an education due to the location of the school and the fees that can't be paid by the residents here.

The conditions are highly polluted and the water has a very high chance of having waterborne diseases. People here don't have access to even growing their own crops. The public and people living in this area has polluted this river and its surroundings. As we know, littering is a big problem here in Indonesia.

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As seen in the image, there is a large amount of trash scattered around the area; these types of living conditions are very damaging to those there as it could lead to many things such as (judging from this photo) polluted waters and can also cause diseases.

The houses in the area appear to be rather rusty and unstable, this is dangerous for many reasons, for instance, if a strong rain storm were to occur, these houses would most likely not be able to stay up as they are poorly built, leaving the people with no home and having to either, restart the building process or move out; also, it is very likely for tsunamis to hit as there is water very close to the homes, also leaving the houses damaged.

If you look closely, it is seen that there seems to be wood on the floor along with what I assume is a type of cement; notice that there are children walking around, it is very risky to have them around areas with such things that could hurt them easily; to imagine it a bit more graphically, they could possibly trip on the wood or get some sort of wound. It is clear that this environment is not exactly child-friendly.

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Urbanisation in Jabodetabek- (Jakarta)living in a squatter settlement

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Urbanisation in Jabodetabek- (Jakarta)living in a squatter settlement

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I can describe specific problems experienced by residents of squatter settlements in Jakarta:

Dirty, Murky water dangerous for healthful reasons (Used for drinking water, Water to bath in, e.t.c.), Pollution, If an associate degree earthquake happens it'll evidently wipe out these little homes because of how unstable they are on those little wooden poles, Privacy: Having to live with plenty of individuals in one little area which can be really bad if one of them has a disease then it can spread really easily because everybody is very close to each other , Overcrowding: The settlement features a high population density, Overpopulation: the world doesn't have enough resources to support the growing population, Competition for jobs: jobs are in short supply, Disease: poor sanitation and restricted health care will result in the unfold of unwellness, Lack of area: the latest and poorest arrivals could also be forced to measure on the worst quality land, Infrastructure: services ar poor, conveyance and connections to the electricity provide ar restricted.

I can use geographical vocabulary to explain problems in an urban area (SEEP):
Congestion: Overcrowding on roads inflicting traffic jams, Boomtown: An urban area that grows terribly quickly due to economic opportunity (like Jakarta), Lack of Workforce: Number of people who are employed or available for employment, Lack of space, Expensive land

(I could not find the image again since I did it on the weekend)

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In this photograph, it shows a family with children ages ranging from 3-5. Their house is made out of scraps, wood, bits of plastic and cloth banners helping to shade them from the rain and sun. Their cooking supplies and utensils needs consist of pots and pans, rice-cookers, cups and a cutting board. These things are all piled onto a home-made shelf which looks unsteady and frail. However, their family's sandals are stored next to the clean cooking supplies. Bad for health and hygiene.

All they have is one lowley-priced plastic cabinet stuffed with all the children's and parent's clothes. As you can see, there isn't a lot of space here, so they barely have a space to put as many beds as peoples, therefore, they all share the same grimy mattress and have no personal space for each other. As you can see, the house (or what you can call one) is pretty much still very much in contact with the outside world making it very noisy at nights and not a lot of privacy. The children's toys are stored in the same area as the chicken pen. Which in the future might lead to many dangerously fatal illnesses such as Dementia and Psychotic disorders. The floor is covered by pieces of plastic stuck together instead of a proper carpet or floor boards.

Most of the indonesian citizens that live in these squatter settlements have no proper food and usually eat what they can find in lower class mini-markets such as (Alfamart and 7-eleven). In these mini-markets you can find packets of unhealthy potato chips, factory-made bread and soft drinks all ranging from Rp2,000- Rp15,000 (not even a cent!) which is what these people can only afford. Sometimes, if they're lucky, they can buy some rice grains and steam it. A good meal for the whole family of 6.

One of the many negative factors in here is their lack of hygiene. They don't have space for a proper toilet or bathroom, the only thing they can afford is mostly a bucket and a hole to take the smell out and away from the rest of the house. These small families and rundown shacks can be found a lot around Jakarta and need to be stopped. This lifestyle these people are living in are dirty and unclean. People living in these poor conditions need to have help and donations as well as proper food. Can you imagine if you come home from labour in the feilds with barely enough money to support your family?! A lucky treat for these people living in these slums are a seldom handful of unhygienic and un-nutritionous street food. Which are drenched in gallons and gallons of oil. This oil is usually already used from other restaurants and sold to these street vendors (known as: warong- warong) for very little. There are many illnusses from re-using oil such as cancer, cholestrol and atherosclerosis.

Personal Feedback:
General feedback- I tried to use a lot of detail in all my paragraphs and tried to put myself in these people’s shoes. I also added the future consequences such as illnesses, lack of hygiene and even death. But I could have improved my using more technical vocabulary.

Techniques- I used a lot of sentence openers and sentence connectors such as therefore, consequently etc etc...

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In this photograph, it shows rubbish on a river used to be a clean.You cant see the ground because of the rubbish from this it is an hygienic thing for plastic bottles can take 450 years. The way they build there houses are made out of old metal, plastic and wood and if some are lucky the get old broken house that are half built .To what i think the used to be river are all these peoples rubbish bin.Money would be hard to earn not enough for there families to buy everyday meals.

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"Squatter Settlements in Jakarta." Digital image. Possible. April 4, 2016. Accessed February 5, 2018. https://colabcdn.azureedge.net/-/media/Images/Global/Culture/16x9_diegoslums.ashx?w=896&h=504.

Houses are crammed together and poorly constructed suggesting overcrowded living conditions. This might lead to lack of space and privacy. This is vital as lack of privacy can cause serious depression and peevishness.

One of the many negative social factors this community experiences is their lack of confidence due to their lack of knowledge, some might've not even left their house just because of their fear.

The biggest botheration this society faces is the lack of education due to the lack of money, kids in these communities are forced to work to earn money, as a result they are unable to focus on their education, thus are unable to get a good job. This actually ceases the society to grow as no one is educated enough to get a better job than their wellsprings.

They might also suffer through lack of running water or impure water supply, and lack of bathtubs and laundry tubs, are among the widespread deficiencies. Water is a necessity of life and people living in these kind of factors have limited access to it. Researches show that if there is sufficient water at home regardless of the quality, intestinal infections are reduced. Water is a necessity of life and a human can live no longer three days without it.

This settlement is huge it is not legally owned by anyone, thus making it illegal to live on. Therefore, the government can destroy these houses whenever they want, therefore this place is not the safest place to live in. However, this is a compulsion for these people.

These slums create a negative effect on the tourism and the popularity of the place. For example, in big and worldwide sporting events such as the upcoming Asian Games in Jakarta. Some people might not think of Jakarta as a good place.

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In this image, we see a squatter settlement next to a polluted river.
We can see that these houses are poorly constructed which consists of scraps of metal, wood and bamboo sticks and more, this helps will help rain leaking into the house. Due to the poorly constructed houses, heavy rains can cause destruction to the houses. This will affect the people social life, mostly health.

Social factors
As seen in the image, it would be easy to tell that the Indonesian citizens that live in these squatter settlements don't live a very good life as in these parts of the JABODETABEK conurbation there are low-class food markets such as alfa mart or 7 eleven. In this squatter settlement, it is mostly known to have street food such as Indomie, Bakso, and others which most of the time is unhygienic, it could attract unwanted animals to possibly infect street food that could affect the unfortunate people's social health. People that live in these squatter settlements are likely to not have a job because of the lack of education in the village this would lead to a lead to being a seller at the edge of the street which is their only option.

Economic factors
Most of the Indonesian citizens that live in these squatter settlements have no proper food and usually eat what they can find in lower class mini markets such as 7 eleven or alfa mart, here you could buy indomie or potato chips which are not very healthy for the immune system or street food that can consist of nasi goreng, bakso, mie goreng and others. Most likely how these people earn money is by selling items at the edge of the street or if lucky they could be working as a housekeeper.

Environmental factors
One environmental factor affects this community, and that is their location. This squatter settlement is situated next to a river. During the rainy season, there is a very high possibility the river would burst its banks from heavy rain and flood its many surroundings. This can horribly affect the people's social life immensely.
For example sickness throughout the family, houses being destroyed and others. Since the location of the squatter settlement is situated on the river it could attract unwanted animals such as filthy rats, malaria mosquitos and more.

Another negative environmental factor in earthquakes which can tear down the houses due to the thin bamboo sticks and wood holding the house. Since the house is on the river the house's foundation is weak and soft soil or maybe rock. The tremor can destroy all the houses that are situated on the river as well as the crammed houses creating a domino effect which can cause mayhem to the village.

Political
This is illegal property but as people are living in such poverty but the locals that live in poverty have to live in this condition. This is certainly not a pleasant view for visitors that come to Jakarta. As seen the government is not using his taxes to provide these people connecting sewage pipes because this is unowned property and is illegal to live on. It might be that no one wanted to live on this particular land because of its lack of fertile land or sewage pipes or water pipes crossing the squatter settlement. If the land needs to be used as an office zone or an industrial area, the buildings have to be torn down and the people that live in these squatter settlements will go through extremely severe poverty as they would not have a house. This will cause a huge negative impact on their social and economic life.

WWW: I have gone into depth when describing SEEP of this image.

EBI:  To describe the long-term effects of these problems in
this community.

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This images shows that this family has no chance on education because as you can see the kids have to do all of the work for their parents. Also the houses in their Kampung are not that good and stabled. So it could get very dangerous. Also their parents probably do not have a job, so they will not have much money to get good quality things. The families will not have enough money to get food and drinks. The should be many little street foods around the kampung, which is very cheap. Also they will not have clean water to wash their clothes in and other things they would like to wash.

Social Impacts -
One of the social images in this village, is that you can get many diseases, because it is very dirty. It will spread anywhere and their will not be anywhere to go to hospital and get medical check ups. Also there are many wild animals around that can bite you and give you an infection. This also means that the people that live in this village does not have much money to afford a decent house.

Economic impacts -
Most of these kids will not have very good education and health care to have a amazing future. Therefore they will not have much money to get foods and drinks to last them. They will not get most of the foods that you can by in a supermarket like healthy food to have good vitamins in their bodies. Some of the foods are like fruits and vegetables.

Environmental impacts -
The houses in this village are not really that safe because they are just made of of things the people can find. If anything bad happens the house will get destroyed very easily. Also the people that lives in the house built them there self so they will not be in good conditions.

Policial factors -
These houses have been torn down very badly in any kind of situation. This will lead to bad diseases. As you can see that the top of the house there are no tiles, so if it will rain the water will go through to the house. Also these kids are having to do the work for all of the parents.

EBI - If I have used some more geographical vocabulary.
WWW - I explained the different parts of (SEEP).

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The image shows the squatter settlement that is built on top of a filthy river particularly filled with trash. As you see, the houses are horribly constructed that is made with scrap, the buildings are unsafe. They are made on a weak foundation, which leads to the destruction of the houses. These will effect the people's life horribly, and they will also struggle to survive.

Social Impacts
One of the social impacts are diseases. diseases spread through out the village. People can get infected by the disease easily since most of the place is filled with sewage and trash. People doesn't have clean water and food to consume, the food that they commonly consume are the not-so nutritious such as instant noodles (Indomie), small snack bags (Cheetos, Lays) and others. They also have inadequate provision of health care. There is little space available in this squatter settlements. The people who live here don't have proper hygiene which attracts diseases that can spread through out the village in a short period of time. People in that picture will use the same clothes for a long period of time since they don't have enough money to buy all the things needed to wash clothes effectively. The materials used to make their houses are mostly from scrap. They don't have enough money to buy good quality materials. This attracts rats and other animals that carry diseases, sometimes rats bite on children's feet which leads to horrible infections.

Economic factors
People that lives in squatter settlements gain money by selling scrap and food. They spend most of their money for their family needs such as food and education, but sometimes they spend useless things for themselves. They rarely eat healthy food because healthy food are too expensive for them, the things that they normally eat are foods that aren't healthy, some of them are noodles, nasigoreng, pempek, bakso and other foods that aren't really healthy/

Environmental factors
The houses can be destroyed easily because it's poorly built. When an earthquake occurs, most of the buildings in this area will be destroyed, most these houses are non permanent which means the houses can be moved from one location to another, like tents. Houses like these can get destroyed very easily. Earthquakes will shatter almost everything in a village like this. Almost nothing is left when an earthquake occurs. most of the people there build their houses by themselves, so the building is week since the people aren't experienced builders.

self assessment: I think this needs more information gu

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Social- The people that live their everyday life here suffer, suffer from sickness due to all the trash and dirty animals, wealth and more. it's obvious that the water is extremely dirty, the trash inside it may even kill the wildlife. As you may see these houses are poorly constructed, right on the side of the river, Therefore the houses could fall any time.

Economic- The people that live here can't earn a lot of money or spend any. The jobs they do are probably selling food on the street. But most likely not a job like working in a office or wearing a suit to work every day. The money that people earn are most likely used for only food and water and supplies to survive

Environmental- The environment around is very bad for health, due to the trash everywhere the people could get a disease carried from the dirty animals and trash. The sickness that is carried could spread to other people living in the house hold, furthermore making other people sick and with the money problems, they wouldn't be able to pay for medical bills.

Political- The local government could destroy the land for more "important" uses, such as making offices, houses, malls and buildings. The land used is illegal, therefore the government has authority to destroy and replace the housing. If the land is destroyed, the people would have nowhere to live and would have to live on the street. It's obvious that the houses aren't good, but better than the street

Self assessment:

WWW- I explained the reasons and impacts of the squatter settlement in good detail and i also explained how the Social, Economic, Environmental and political impacts.

EBI- it would be better if i could link my last paragraphs to each other more and show how each one helps another one

http://img.jakpost.net/c/2017/01/06/2017_01_06_19032_1483675685._large.jpg

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Social Factors- The people who live here will spend most of their time trying to earn money by selling any thing they have. They also spend their time going through trash bags trying to find any thing they can use or sell. I think even the children needs to work to earn money. I think they live by helping each other, especially their neighboursI think they think each other as a family and help each other to live in this hard condition. They might help each other with food or even money.
Economic Factors- I think they earn money by selling food and things that they have. I think they will try to sell everything they can to get money to eat and live their lives. I don't think that they can earn enough money that they can pay for their child's education fee or their medical fees. They use most of their money for food and daily life facilities.
Environmental Factors-  The river is right is separating the right side and the left side shelters. The shelters are not stable due to the material used for the base. From the photo, it looks like the base is made out of wood, stick, dirt and some trash. Since the shelters are made at the side of the river, I think it is going to flood heavily when it rains. When this happens there is a risk that the shelter is going to collapse. It is a very dangerous condition to live in.
Political Factors- I don't think the government likes this condition because it takes up public space but if they destroy it, the people here will not have any shelter which is going to be an another problem. Even if the government tell them to go, it won't do anything because they will just loose their shelter.

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Marvyn - Squatter Settlements in Indonesia

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Marvyn - Squatter Settlements in Indonesia

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Social - It will be hard for them to get a job and take care of their items. Because of floods, the parents won't have a job and can't send their children to school, but even if they can, the children will struggle going to school because of the floods that happen their and the parents will also need their children's help to take care of their house and help earn money for the family.

Economic - People that live in this place will try their best to spend very little money on every day things such as food. People that live here will also have to have a job to take care of their family and children, they will also need money to buy clothes and shoes for the children, especially when the children are having a growth spurt. If one of the members of the family get sick, everyone else will most likely get sick and if everyone gets sick they will need more money than normal to pay for medical bills that they will probably cannot afford.

Environmental - People that live here is probably used to getting floods because they look like they are used to this. If where they live keeps flooding, it will be very hard for them to have a job, take care of their house and take care of their family. The houses that they make have to be very sturdy, strong and balanced so they can go to the second floor or somewhere safe from the flood. The water from the flood will be very dirty because of the mud, so people that live there will catch diseases and will be sick so they won't be able to pay for their medical bills.

Political - If people live there, the government won't like it because it takes up public space that can be used for something else that is beneficial for other people so the government will just give a warning to go away so that the government can destroy the place but if they don't leave, they will just destroy the place that they live in.

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Manila slums. In Theredphoenix. Accessed February 5, 2018. https://theredphoenix.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/11-3-manila_slums.jpg.

This picture shows several low-quality illegal housing in Manila. Most of the houses are made completely of corrugated steel; this provides the people who live there with very minimal protection from things like rain.

SOCIAL FACTORS -
One of the negative social factors in these areas is the lack of medical attention that is giving to these people. Since the area is very dense in population, diseases are very easy to spread from person to person. Another negative social factor is the nutrition that these people receive from the low quality packeted food like Indomie, Poor nutrition can/will lead to week bones which will cause worse problems in the future for example: If your bones get very weak, you may even break them by sustaining a minor injury like falling, because of the poor medical attention giving to these people they won't be able to get the broken bones treated.

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS -
One of the negative environmental factors seen in this picture is the very week housing used, we can see that the houses are mainly made of corrugated steel. This level of housing is only just enough to protect the people inside from things like rain. A small earthquake may be able to wipe out a whole house because of how weak it is.

POLITICAL FACTORS -
One very major political factor is that these houses are in illegal, meaning that the government is able to bulldoze these houses and even fine the people who might not even be able to pay the fine. This is a very bad problem because this will destroy the only houses of these people and they have nowhere to go sleep/stay unless they go back to the rural areas. Since the people don't want their houses taken down by the government, they pay money to the government (bribe), this leads to a lot of corruption.

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In this image, we see a squatter settlement by a small river. Everything is squashed together therefore it would be very cramped to live in a place like that. by the looks of it, this area is crowded by people, food stalls, small shops and poor quality housing. Because of the hygiene, there is a big possibility of people getting infected with diseases.

An economic factor is that it is hard to make money. Selling foods or clothes may give you a little cash, but it's barely enough for clean food, water or proper housing. A lot of men are shirtless maybe because their shirts have broken, or because they couldn't buy one.

These shops, houses and stalls were built and put on unwanted land illegally. A political factor is that the government may evict them out of their homes because they want to build new things and need more land.

Some environmental factors are that these houses were made with bad quality materials and/or things thrown away as trash by the more fortunate. This will surely cause a sickness because the everything and anything around them is not very clean.

Another social factor is that the children who live around here most likely won't have a good education. Which means when they grow old, they aren't worth anything (no offense) and they won't make money for their future family. Money is something that is very important to have a better future. And having an education is the only way to make good money.

Self feedback:
i used SEEP
i tried using as much detail in explaining my reasons
i could've done better with making links between factors

http://globalbalita.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Poverty.2.jpg

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One of the negative economic factors is that people would earn a lot less money then what they are capable of due to the fact that they might have never left their Squatter Settlement. This causes them not knowing the outside world well and having an incredible lack of knowledge. This limits what jobs they are able to do and provides them with jobs such as washing clothes, cleaning, repairing shoes or selling things they have. By having jobs like this causes the family with very little money which might not even be enough to provide three basic meals a day with clean drinking water. And once there is no meals and clean water the health of the family will get worse.  The long term effect

One of the negative social effects that the villagers struggle with is probably living a healthy life (healthcare). In this squatter settlement it is very visible that the houses are very cramped up together, this has an impact on the villagers as if one person gets a contagious disease (which very likely due to the lack of hygiene) , its most likely that everyone surrounding them will get it too. Villagers that live in places like this rely on the river as a drinking source and for washing clothes. By using this water can lead to bad cases of diarrhea, vomiting, and more. The water that is used will be very unhygienic and once they have a disease it is very hard to get rid of due to the fact that they have barely enough money to pay for it. Due to the fact that it is very hard for them to access quality health care can impact their and future generations for a long time as if they have disease that lasts a lifetime can make their children sick which gives them less opportunities to access a job that pays them well.

One of the negative environmental Factors is earthquakes. In this picture it is very visible that the houses shown are very weak and unstable due to what they have been built on.  In an earthquake, big or even small one shake could knock these houses into pieces due to its very weak structure. Another impact an earthquake can have is that the houses are so cramped up together and one house that falls could possibly knock the houses next to it and so on which might cause the whole area being destroyed. Once knocked down the squatter settlements would find it very difficult to rebuild their houses due to the fact that they are all very poor.

Another negative environmental factor is that the houses are also built so close to a river. During the rainy season the river could potentially flood and due to the fact that the houses are very week (built poorly) a flood could cause major damage. This has a huge impact on the community as many of them could die or not have a home for a long time.

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International Institute for Environment and Development

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IIED's Human Settlements Group has been working on urban environmental issues since the mid-1970s. Highlights from these 40 years of achievements can be found on our historical timeline.

Our poverty focus informs everything we do: this focus is vital because people on very low incomes, living in slums or squatter settlements, tend to be the most vulnerable to environmental burdens or challenges. We understand these burdens, which are of three main types:

1. Environmental hazards in and around people's homes and workplaces, such as:

Inadequate household water and sanitation

Indoor air pollution

The build-up of neighbourhood waste, and

Pest infestation.

These account for a large share of ill-health, early deaths and hardship in urban Africa, Asia and Latin America, and contribute to persistent poverty

2. Environmental and ecological degradation in and around urban centres, such as:

Urban air pollution

Urban ground and surface water abstraction and pollution

Urban waste dumping, and

The expansion of built-up areas.

These are the most evidently 'urban' burdens, as they result from urban concentration of 'urban' activities, including industry and motorised transport.

3. Global environmental burdens

These are associated with urban consumption, especially in affluent urban settlements, and the best known example is climate change, resulting from greenhouse gas emissions. However, the global burden of urban activity is often measured through aggregate indicators as ecological footprints.

Our ways of working

As well as coordinating our work to address all three of these environmental challenges, we also make sure that our ways of working include activities that provide strong links to our partners in the Global South, are underpinned by our research, and which maximise our international influence. To achieve this, we balance our work across three types of activities:

1. Working on city or multi-city projects, led locally by partners: it is this that grounds our work, and which maintains - and strengthens - our links to grassroots activities with researchers and practitioners.

2. Undertaking international research and communication: we write articles, reports and books, and we hold meetings and presentations, frequently including partners. In this way we maintain our links with Northern as well as Southern research and academic communities, and thus our research 'credibility'.

3. Assisting international development agencies: we stay in touch with the international development assistance community and maintain our international influence through the preparation of reports, policy guidelines or meetings.

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IIED's Human Settlements Group has been working on urban environmental issues since the mid-1970s. Highlights from these 40 years of achievements can be found on our historical timeline. Our poverty focus informs everything we do: this focus is vital because people on very low incomes, living in slums or squatter settlements, tend to be the most vulnerable to environmental burdens or challenges.

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Squatter Settlements in Jakarta - Kenneth 7FOI

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Squatter Settlements in Jakarta - Kenneth 7FOI

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“Human Settlements Group Ways of Working.” Human Settlements Group Ways of Working, International Institute for Environment and Development, 17 Sept. 2014, www.iied.org/human-settlements-our-ways-working.

One of the negative social effects that the community here face is their healthcare. Due to the dirty and polluted river, there is an easy chance of contagious water-borne diseases quickly spreading through the community such as cholera. In the long run, this could affect their health and their economical lives. This water will also be used to clean their laundry and sometimes used for drinking water, therefore it will be extremely unhygienic and impractical for the community as the water is polluted.

Another social effect is the unavailability of proper food for these communities. The most they can buy with their low income is Indomee and potato chips, which are not beneficial for their health. These cheap foods are very unhealthy but these villagers still buy them because they need to eat.

The members of this community may not have exited their houses and explored the outside world due to their fear, which comes from their lack of knowledge of the world. This social factor will ultimately affect their economical job career. Their limitations will restrict them to only working in low-income local jobs such as driving lorries and doing hard labor.  The money earned from these part-time jobs is just enough to support their family's basic needs.

One environmental factor affects this community, and that is their location. This community has situated their houses beside a river. During the rainy/monsoon season, there is a high possibility that the river will burst its banks and flood its surroundings, thus engulfing the wooden houses in a torrent of water. The soil foundations of the houses will be eroded away, thus making the houses unstable, making them vulnerable during floods.

Another environmental factor is earthquakes. The houses are built on weak, soil foundations with a wooden base, thus making them unstable. During an earthquake, even a slight tremor could topple these houses due to their weak foundations. Due to the houses being cramped together, a falling house could effectively topple another house near it, thus effectively creating a domino effect, and in the end being able to completely destroy the entire village.

An important political factor is that these slumps will create a negative effect on the tourist image and popularity of the country. For example, during an international sporting event like the upcoming 2018 Jakarta Asian Games, these communities will need to be concealed to give a more 'cleaner' image of the country to the outside world.

Another political factor that affects these communities is that the government might want to use the land that these communities are built to build newer and more modern apartment units or entertainment facilities. These communities will be then forced to move out very unexpectedly and without notice, and after they move out they will have no place to live unless the government gives them a new home.

Yet another political factor is that the land that these communities are situated on is actually owned by the government and living there without a license is illegal. The communities do not pay taxes thus they don't have access to clean water and transportation. By living on illegal land owned by the government, these communities carry the great risk of caught and be forced to move somewhere else.

WWW - I have the political factors well and also the environmental and social impacts on the community.
EBI - I could have described the long-term effects of these impacts on the community.

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Social Impacts-Everyday they probably have to work very hard and try to sell stuff like food all day long.
Economic factors-They probably look for streets and sell stuff like food.They would use the money for food and there own social needs.They also might
Environmental Factors-Around its very dirty for example there is trash around.The houses aren't very built well it is created with good wood
Political-The local government dose not treat this place well because it is illegal property.

WWW-Described the poor enviromment
EBI-If i wrote more

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In this image you are able to see straight away  that these handmade  houses are very cramped and squashed together ,which has an  effect of that you have absolute no privacy and it is very unhygienic.This means that if somebody in one of the houses get ill everybody will get the virus ,because every member is usually sleeping  in the same room and next to each other. If somebody does get ill the chances of medical attention is very low ,due to the fact that there are no proper roads and transportation to the hospitals such as public buses & taxis for instance. Another  thing you can pick out is that  you are able to see that the houses are handmade which means that if there is a natural disaster the village has high chances of flooding ,which means the people in the village will have a hard time finding a new job.Since the houses are handmade if it pours down with rain the houses are most likely going to over flood and break down , also if there is a storm  . The houses have been built on illegal land or land that hasn’t been built on yet.Which has all kinds of effects because first of all the government might not want to have all the houses shown to tourist because it looks unpleasant and will destroy  the houses. As well as the land that the houses have been built on there might be pipes / tunnels with clean water leading to the city and if that gets broken the hole city won’t have clean water.One of the problems as well is that there is a lot of rubbish/garbage around in the village and often they will burn the plastic which brings toxics in the air which the village members breath in.

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squatter settlements in jakarta - Google Search

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The image below shows a  settlement which lies near a sewer. The sewage system contains rubbish and may be the residents only source of drinking water, bathing water and place to relieve themselves.
This is obviously unsafe because it will causes sicknesses in some cases severe illness such dysentery, typhoid fever and cholera. Medical care is not easily accessible therefore resulting in death or serious illness.
The pipe running along the sewer may contain harmful waste  dangerous to the inhabitants if the pipe leaks the substance and is exposed to the  general population.
The people in the area may also be forced to leave their homes if the government  decides to take their land. This would make families homeless and vulnerable.   Residents are likely to also sell a variety of cheap food and find employment in neighbourhood to earn a living.