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King Henry VIII (Eric Bana) lacks an heir. Seeing this as an opportunity for personal gain, the Duke of Norfolk (David Morrissey) and Sir Thomas Boleyn (Mark Rylance) persuade Thomas' daughter Anne (Natalie Portman) to seduce the king. But Henry falls in love with Anne's sister, Mary (Scarlett Johansson), instead. When Mary becomes pregnant, she's confined to bed, with charged with Anne keeping the king from straying -- but the plan backfires when Anne seeks the king's affections for herself.

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ERA OF THE MOVIE (16th century-period of renaissance)

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ERA OF THE MOVIE (16th century-period of renaissance)

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happened in between year 1505 - 1539

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1513 |  Battle of Flodden Field:Invading England, King James IV of Scotland and thousands of other scots were killed in a defeat at the hands of the English.

1521 |  Lutheran writings begin to circulate in England.

1526 |    Lord Chancellor Cardinal Thomas Wolsey ordered the burning of Lutheran books.

1533 |  King Henry VIII severed ties with the Catholic Church and declared himself head of the church in England.

1534 |   Henry VIII issued the  Act of Supremacy.
| Henry VIII  issued the Treasons Act 1534.

1536 | Henry VIII  issued the Dissolution of the Monasteries.

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-Mary I was the Queen of England and Ireland from July 1533 until her death.

-Mary was born on 18 February 1516 at the  Palace of Placentia in Greenwich, London.

-Mary was weak and ill from May 1558. In pain, possibly from ovarian cysts or uterine cancer. She died on 17 November 1558, aged 42, at St James's Palace.

Father: Henry VIII of England
Mother: Catherine of Aragon
Religion: Roman Catholic

-Mary was the only child of Henry VIII by his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, to survive to adulthood. Her younger half-brother Edward VI (son of Henry and Jane Seymour) succeeded their father in 1547 at the age of nine.

-Mary was excluding the disputed reigns of Jane and the Empress Matilda the first queen regnant of England. In 1554, Mary married Philip of Spain, becoming queen consort of Habsburg Spain on his accession in 1556, but she never visited Spain.

-During her five-year reign, Mary had over 280 religious dissenters burned at the stake in the Marian persecutions, leading Protestants to denounce her as "Bloody Mary". After Mary's death in 1558, her re-establishment of Roman Catholicism was reversed by her younger half-sister and successor Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry and Anne Boleyn, at the beginning of the 45-year Elizabethan Era.

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Born

June 28, 1495
Chilton Folst, Wiltshire, England

Died

June 22, 1528 (age 35)Bristol, Somerset, England

second son of Sir Thomas Carey

On 4 February 1520, he was married to Mary Boleyn

William Carey and Mary Boleyn were the parents of two children
-Catherine Carey (c. 1524 – 15 January 1568).
-Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon (4 March 1526 – 23 July 1596).

Occupation

Gentleman of the Privy Chamber and Esquire to the body of King Henry the VIII, Gentleman of the Privy Chamber, Courtier, Gentleman of the Privy/Esquire to the body of Henry VIII

Deceased from sweating disease

He does not love Mary

He treat Mary as one of the profit to get the wealth and lands

When William realizes Mary won't be queen, and that he can no longer profit, he decides to act like her husband, after all.

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- Anne Boleyn's successor, Queen Consort Jane Seymour, was Henry VIII’s third wife.

- Spouse: Henry VIII of England

- Religion: Roman Catholic

- She was meek, chaste and quiet

- Jane Seymour’s motto as queen was "Bound to obey and serve",

- She banned the extravagant entertainments and French fashions favoured by Anne Boleyn.

Although not particularly well educated, she was a highly skilled embroiderer, and promoted peace at court, helping to reconcile Henry with his first child, Mary.

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Food

Seasonality was a major factor in 16th-century diets. For small-scale farmers, there was insufficient feed to keep livestock over winter, so the majority were slaughtered and as much of the meat as possible was preserved.

Estimates suggest the Tudor nobility’s diet was 80 percent protein – one wonders how the digestive tract coped! Salads were eaten, often comprising a mixture of cooked and raw ingredients and including green vegetables such as leeks, onions, radishes and cabbage, as well as lettuce, chives, boiled carrots, flowers and herbs. They were dressed in oil, vinegar, and sometimes sugar.

Turnips, consumed during the 15th and early 16th century, later fell out of favour, becoming considered fit only for cattle. The fruit was enjoyed, but with no refrigeration, it could only be consumed in season or preserved.

What poor people ate in Tudor times

In Tudor times poor people did not have loads of money so they could only buy cheap food or eat food that they had grown.

People could make bread and had animals like pigs, cows and chickens. The chicken laid eggs and the cows made milk.

Tudor people would drink the milk from the cows but the milk could also be used to make butter.

Because poor people couldn’t afford meat they grew vegetables to eat.

In Tudor times people did not have freezers and could not keep food fresh. They could only eat seasonal vegetables.

What rich people ate in tudor times

Rich people in Tudor times, like Henry VIII, liked to eat expensive food.

Most of the food and drink, such as wine, they had was made in other countries and it was then sent to rich people by boat. This is why the food was expensive.

Rich people would have feasts with lots of food that went on for hours.

Rich people used metal spoons made from silver or pewter. Poor people couldn’t afford these so they carved their own spoons from wood.

How the Tudors Ate in the Old Days
Rank, station, and even religious customs affected what you ate throughout the Tudor period.

The meat was forbidden on a Friday when people ate fish instead. However, Henry VIII tended to be flexible, and often included certain meats, declaring them to be ‘fish’.

Certainly, the Tudors ate a wider variety of meat than we do today, including swan, peacock, beaver, ox, venison, and wild boar. They did not eat raw vegetables or fruit, believing them to be harmful. Water, especially in cities like London, was polluted, and wealthier individuals drank wine. Everybody drank diluted ale and small beer.

Bread was an important staple of the Tudor diet; the most expensive was manchet bread, which was eaten only by the wealthy.

Traditions

Morris Dancing

One of the oldest of all English traditions, this is a dance performed outside by men wearing white, with bells on their knees and often flowers on their hats, holding either sticks, swords or handkerchiefs.

- Historically, Morris dancing music was probably played on loud and rhythmical instruments of the time such as the pipe and tabor. Today, the music is often played on accordion, melodeon and concertina, the so-called "Free-Reed Instruments," but violin and flute can often be heard. Percussion instruments like the tambourine and drum are welcome but must be careful to match the timing and feel of the music. In summary, unless someone lets me know to the contrary, any instrument can be employed as long as it can provide the "lift" to the dancer

Summer Solstice at Stonehenge

This is a very ancient ceremony held at Stonehenge, which was built around 2000-3000 years ago and was an important place in the Pagan religion of that time. Modern-day pagans gather to see the stones lit up in a particular way by the sun at the summer solstice.

May Day in Oxford
We end with the Oxford tradition of May Day festivities. On May Morning (1 May), people get up very early (or are still out from partying the night before) to hear the choir of Magdalen College, Oxford singing the Eucharist from the top of the Magdalen College tower at 6am. The bridge into town is closed, and in previous years revellers have jumped from the bridge into the river (a practice now banned for health and safety reasons). Also present are the mandatory Morris dancers and other musicians to entertain the gathered masses. This tradition has been going for at least 500 years.

Language

English people traditionally speak the English language, a member of the West Germanic English family. The modern English language evolved from Middle English (the form of language in use by the English people from the 12th to the 15th century); Middle English was influenced by Norman-French, Old French and Latin.

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Born:
16 December 1485
in Alcalá de Henares (near Madrid), Spain.

Daughter of Spanish monarchs King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella.

Died:
7 January 1536 (at the age of 50)
Kimbolton Castle in Huntingdonshire, Cambridgeshire, England.

Marriage:

Engaged to Prince Arthur since childhood and married him in 1501.

Betrothed to  Henry in 1502 after Arthur's untimely death and finally wed Henry in 1509 after he had taken the throne to Henry VIII.

Gave birth to Mary Tudor.

Henry ended his marriage with her because she did not produce a male heir.

Source: https://www.biography.com/people/catherine-of-aragon-38666

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The word Catholic - meaning 'throughout the whole, universal'

Brief History of the Catholic Church
Early Catholicism came to be organized under five patriarchs, the bishops of Jerusalem, Antioch, Alexandria, Constantinople and Rome. The Bishop of Rome was at that time recognized as first among them, and doctrinal or procedural disputes were sometimes referred to Rome for an opinion. When the Imperial capital moved to Constantinople, Rome's influence was often challenged. While Rome claimed special authority and descent from St. Peter2 and St. Paul, who, all agreed, were martyred and buried in Rome, Constantinople had become the residence of the Emperor and the Senate, and the churches at Jerusalem, Antioch, and Alexandria were all older than Rome. Antioch furthermore was considered to have been the see of St. Peter, before he went to Rome.

The first great rupture in the Catholic Church followed the Council of Ephesus (AD 431), which affirmed the Virgin Mary as Theotokos. The majority of those who refused to accept this Council were Persian Christians, a Church now known as the Assyrian Church of the East. The next major break was after the Council of Chalcedon (AD 451). This Council repudiated Eutychian Monophysitism. The terms adopted by this Council were unacceptable to many Christians who preferred to use a Christology formulated primarily in Alexandria. These Christians are now often referred to in English as the Oriental Orthodox Communion, thus treating "Eastern" and "Oriental" as not synonymous).

The next major rift within Catholicism was in the 11th century. Doctrinal disputes, including that about the Filioque clause, conflicts between methods of Church government, and perhaps the evolution of separate rites and practices, precipitated a split in AD 1054 that divided the Catholic Church once again, this time between a "West" and an "East". England, France, the Holy Roman Empire, Scandinavia, and much of the rest of Western Europe were in the Western camp, and Greece, Russia and many of other Slavic lands, Anatolia, and the Christians in Syria and Egypt who accepted the Council of Chalcedon made up the eastern camp. This division is called the East-West Schism. The most recent major split within the Catholic Church occurred in the 16th century with the Protestant Reformation, after which many parts of the Catholic Church rejected the leadership of Rome and reformed themselves, becoming Protestant.

Catholicisim Beliefs
Direct and continuous organisational descent from the original church founded by Jesus. Possession of the "threefold ordained ministry" of Bishops, Priests and Deacons. All ministers are ordained by, and subject to, Bishops, who pass down sacramental authority by the "laying-on of hands", having themselves been ordained in a direct line of succession from the Apostles. Their belief that the Church, not any one book, is the vessel and deposit of the fullness of the teachings of Jesus and the Apostles. This teaching is preserved in both written scripture and in written and oral church tradition. Neither is independent of the other. A belief in the necessity of sacraments (although not necessarily seven in number). The use of images, candles, vestments and music in worship. Themaking of the Sign of the Cross in a variety of contexts. Belief that the bread and wine of the eucharist really are Jesus's body, blood, soul, and divinity — not just "symbols". Veneration of Mary, the mother of Jesus as the Blessed Virgin Mary or Theotokos, and veneration of the saints. A distinction among worship (latria) for God, and veneration (dulia) for saints, with the term hyperdulia used for a special veneration accorded to the Virgin Mary among Roman Catholics. This "hyperdulia" is not universal to all Catholics. The usefulness of prayer on behalf of the dead. Salvation through faith lived out through good works, rather than by faith alone.

The Roman Catholic Church
The Roman Catholic Church is the largest religious denomination of Christianity with over one billion members. It claims that it is both organizationally and doctrinally the original Christian Church, founded by Jesus Christ. It also claims unbroken Apostolic Succession from St. Peter and the other Apostles. It is both the largest and the oldest continuously operating institution in existence.

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-Stafford was the second son of Sir Humphrey Stafford.

-Born: 1500
-Died: 5 May 1556
Geneva, Switzerland

-Noble Family: Stafford

- He was an Essex landowner and the second husband of Mary Boleyn.

-In 1532, Stafford was listed as one of the two hundred people who accompanied Henry VIII to France. The purpose of the journey was for Henry and his fiancee, Anne Boleyn, to meet with Francis I so that he might show his public support and approval for the annulment of Henry's first marriage to Catherine of Aragon. Among the other travellers was Anne Boleyn's sister, Mary, the eldest daughter of Thomas Boleyn, who was by then the Earl of both Wiltshire and Ormonde. With her connections, Mary had excellent marriage prospects. Nonetheless, Mary and Stafford married in secret in 1534. When the marriage was discovered after Mary became pregnant, the couple were banished from court.

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Cambridge, spans the period of transition between the Middle Ages and the Tudors. Its foundation stone was laid in 1446 by Henry VI and the structure, with its lacy perpendicular fan-vaulting, was completed by 1515 during the reign of Henry VIII. The windows were installed in 1546-7.

The chapel features the world's largest fan vault, constructed between 1512 and 1515 by master mason John Wastell. It also features fine medieval stained glass and, above the altar, The Adoration of the Magi by Rubens, originally painted in 1634 for the Convent of the White Nuns at Louvain in Belgium. The painting was installed in the Chapel in 1968; this involved the destruction and lowering of the Sanctuary floor leading up to the High Altar. It was previously believed that gradations were created in 1774 by James Essex, when Essex had in fact lowered the floor by 5 1/2 inches, but at the demolition of these steps, it was found that the floor instead rested on Tudor brick arches. The installation of the painting also resulted in the destruction and loss of the Edwardian reredos, which was then well-liked by the public. During the demolition of these Tudor steps, built at the Founder's specific request that the high altar should be 3 ft above the choir floor, human remains in intact lead coffins with brass plaques were discovered, dating from the 15th to 18th centuries, and were disinterred. The eventual installation of the Rubens was also not without problems: once seen beneath the east window, a conflict was felt between the picture's swirling colours and those of the stained glass. The Rubens was also a similar shape to the window, which "dwarfed it and made it look rather like a dependent postage stamp". Plain shutters were proposed, one on each side, to give it a triptych shape (although the picture was never part of a triptych) and lend it independence of form, which is how one sees the Rubens today.

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(1515 onwards). The great house that Cardinal Wolsey began and then gave to Henry VIII in 1525, in a desperate attempt to stay in the King's favour, has undergone many changes since the 16th century. Christopher Wren rebuilt the south and east ranges for William and Mary between 1689 and 1694, and the Palace contains some remarkable Tudor work, notably Henry VIII's hammer-beamed Great Hall.

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type of British architecture, mainly domestic, that grafted Renaissance decorative elements onto the Perpendicular gothic style between 1485 and 1558. The Tudor style in architecture coincides with the first part of the reign of the Tudor monarchs, which commenced in 1485 with the accession of Henry VII to the throne and ended with the death of Elizabeth I in 1603. Elizabeth’s own reign, from 1558 to 1603, is sufficiently distinctive to be considered a separate period in the history of English building types.

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The Tudor dynasty was a series of kings and queens of England.This line of rulers started in 1485 and lasted until 1603.

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This design was initiated by Sir John Harington in 1596

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Another invention that was created in the Tudor times was the wrist-clock. What we would now just call a watch. Elizabeth was the first to every receive a wrist-clock. The image to the right shows the earliest found wrist-clock and dates to the 1500

The first timepieces to be worn, made in the 16th century beginning in the German cities of Nuremberg and Augsburg, were transitional in size between clocks and watches. These 'clock-watches' were fastened to clothing or worn on a chain around the neck. They were heavy drum-shaped cylindrical brass boxes several inches in diameter, engraved and ornamented. They had only an hour hand. The face was not covered with glass, but usually had a hinged brass cover, often decoratively pierced with grillwork so the time could be read without opening. The movement was made of iron or steel and held together with tapered pins and wedges, until screws began to be used after 1550. Many of the movements included striking or alarm mechanisms. They usually had to be wound twice a day. The shape later evolved into a rounded form; these were later called Nuremberg eggs. Still later in the century there was a trend for unusually-shaped watches, and clock-watches shaped like books, animals, fruit, stars, flowers, insects, crosses, and even skulls (Death's head watches) were made.

These early clock-watches were not worn to tell the time. The accuracy of their verge and foliot movements was so poor, with errors of perhaps several hours per day, that they were practically useless. They were made as jewellery and novelties for the nobility, valued for their fine ornamentation, unusual shape, or intriguing mechanism, and accurate timekeeping was of very minor importance.

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It was originally played in France, however, but was never called tennis and rackets weren't used. The sport quickly moved over to England where it was played using kitchen sieves. This is where the design for the modern racket came from.

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Mary Boleyn

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William Carey

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Henry VIII

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William Stafford

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Anne Boleyn

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Catherine of Aragon

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George Boleyn

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Jane Seymour

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Mary Tudor

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The Most Important Queen Consort England Has Ever Had but she rules for just three years

Anne Boleyn was the second wife of King Henry VIII and the mother of Queen Elizabeth I.

Her date of birth was in 1501 (– 19 May 1536). which is 35 years old.

Henry's marriage to Anne, and her subsequent execution were part of the complex beginning of the considerable political and religious upheaval which was English Reformation, with Anne herself actively promoting the cause of Church reform.

She has been called "the most influential and important queen consort England has ever had".

Her life has been adapted for numerous novels, plays, songs, operas, television dramas and motion pictures, including Anne of the Thousand Days, The Other Boleyn Girl, The Tudors, The Six Wives of Henry VIII and Doomed Queen Anne

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Name
Henry Tudor (The second son of Henry VII of England and Elizabeth York)

Born
28 June 1491
Greenwich Palace, in Greenwich, London, England.

Reign
21 April 1509 - 28 January 1547

Coronation
21 April 1509

Predecessor
Henry VII

Successor
Edward VI

Spouse
Catherine of Aragon
(married 1509, annulled 1533)

Anne Bolyen
(married 1533; executed 1536)

Jane Seymour
(married 1536; died 1537)

Anne of Cleves
(married 1540; annulled 1540)

Catherine Howard
(married 1540; executed 1542)

Catherine Parr
(married 1543; widowed 1547)

Social Status
King Henry VIII of England

Religion
Roman Catholic (Anglican)

Died
28 January 1547 (aged 55)
Palace of Whitehall, London

Burial
St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, Berkshire

5 Major Achievements of Henry VIII

1. Launched The Largest Invasion Attempt On France After King Henry V.

- The Mary Rose was developed during the early years of his reign

- Established Woolwich and Deptford as the Royal Dockyards.

- Was fondly called 'Father of the English Navy'

2. Raged War Against Scotland and France.

-Expanded his naval might from five ships to more than sixty ships.

3. Transitioned Between Faiths

- He led a religious reformation by going against the Roman Catholic faith and switched to being a Protestant.

- Established the Church of England and also passed the Act of Supremacy.

4. Combined Imperial and Feudal Concepts

- He controlled the power of nobleman and their families.

- Enhanced the power of the monarchy and the parliament.

5. Personal Accomplishments of Henry VIII

- Produced three children who all ruled as the King or Queens of England continuing the Tudor Dynasty: King Edward VI, Queen Mary I and Queen Elizabeth I

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1. Name

Mary Boleyn, also known as Lady Mary

Youngest daughter of Sir Thomas Boleyn and Lady Elizabeth Howard

2. Born

1499

Blickling Hall, Blicking, United Kingdom

3. Mary's Marriage

Married Sir William Carey (1520)

Became the mistress of King Henry VIII

4. 4 March 1526: Mary Boleyn Carey gave birth to a song, called Henry - he was widely assumed to be the son of King Henry VIII although was not acknowledged as such

5. Mary became pregnant again in 1528 presumably by her husband Sir William Carey.

6. The marriage of Mary Boleyn Carey ended when William Carey died on 23 June 1528 of the 'sweats'.

7. Mary Boleyn was one of thirty ladies who accompanied King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn on a visit to Calais in France known as 'The Field of the Cloth of Gold'.

8. 25 January 1533: King Henry VIII married Anne Boleyn and Mary Boleyn became sister to the Queen of England. Mary became a lady-in-waiting to her sister.

9. Mary Boleyn secretly married a soldier and commoner called William Stafford, who she had met in Calais at the 'The Field of the Cloth of Gold' and they had a son and a daughter.

10. Died

44  (July 19, 1543)

Essex, United Kingdom

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Name
George Boleyn, 2nd Viscount Rochford

Born
April 1504
Blicking Hall , Norfolk

Died
17 May 1536 (aged 32)
Tower Hill, London

Social Status
Courtier, Nobleman

Religion
Roman Catholic (Anglican)

Spouse
Jane Boleyn

Relationship

Father - Thomas Boleyn

Mother - Lady Elizabeth Howard

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Houses were usually made of timber(wood), wattle & daub.

Wattle is the intertwined sticks that are placed in a wall between posts.

Daub is a mixture of clay, sand & dung that is smeared(daubed) into and over the wattle to make the wall.  The daub was often painted with limewash making it look white.

The wooden timbers were often coated with black tar to help protect them from rotting.

Tudor houses have steeply pitch roof covered with clay or stone tiles. Many older Tudors houses had a thatched roof.

The upper storeys of some Tudor houses were bigger than the ground floor and would overhang(called a jetty).

Windows: It was during the Tudor times that glass was first used in homes. It was very expensive and difficult to make big pieces of glass (glass is the status symbols of wealth) so the panes were tiny and held together with lead in a criss-cross pattern, or ‘lattice’.
People who couldn't afford glass used polished horn, cloth or even paper. Tudor windows were usually casement windows. These are windows on a hinge that opened outwards so air can be let in.

Typical Tudor chimneys are very tall and thin. They are patterned, often with symmetrical patterns from moulded or cut brick. These type of chimneys are only found on 'rich' Tudor houses.
(Early Tudor times the houses, especially the poor houses, did not have chimneys. The wood smoke was allowed to escape from inside through a simple hole in the roof.)

source:
http://primaryhomeworkhelp.co.uk/houses/tudor.htm

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Method of punishment in Tudor- royalty and nobles

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Method of punishment in Tudor- royalty and nobles

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The Star Chamber was an English court of law and this punishment witnessed the trials of royalty and nobility between year 1487 and year 1641. Star Chamber sessions were closed to the public and became greatly feared and it were held in secret. The star chamber court had no jury, there was no right of appeal and no witness

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Typically hankies are white (but this is not a requirement) and are long and billowing so that they can act to emphasize the arm movements of the dancers.

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Short sticks are usually about 16 inches (40 cm) and long sticks about 24 inches (60 cm) long. Sticks are about 1 inch (2.5 cm) in diameter - about the size of a broom handle. When struck together, the sound should have a slight "ring" to it. In fact, broom handle wood is pretty good. If there is a safety issue with the use of wood, plastic piping can be use.

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You can make suitable garlands by pushing tight-fitting wooden dowel or rods of about 6 inches (15 cm) long into each end of a 40 inch (100 cm) long flexible pipe (perhaps hose pipe) bent into a hoop shape. The garland can be decorated with ribbons and real or plastic flowers. A stiff wire can be used to keep the hoop shape if necessary.

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There are many different designs possible but a suitable compromise is to decorate a short length (6 inches, 15 cm) of dowel stick with ribbons with a spray of short lengths of ribbon or decorative ropes at each end. Bells can be attached to the stick to shake in time with the music.

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Poor people wore simple, loose-fitting clothes made from woollen cloth. Most men wore trousers made from wool and a tunic which came down to just above their knee. Women wore a dress of wool that went down to the ground. They often wore an apron over this and a cloth bonnet on their heads.

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What the rich people and Tudor king and queen wear

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What the rich people and Tudor king and queen wear

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Women's clothing gave them a triangular shape. Their corsets were tight fitting making their waists very thin, while their petticoats and gowns were very wide

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Men's clothes made them look square. They wore short jackets and the shoulders of their coat were cut wide

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Putting on an Elizabethan gown was not a simple process and, including time taken for hair and makeup, could take as long as half-an-hour. This is the order in which clothing had to be put on:

Stockings, ear rings and shoes.
Chemise – the main item of underwear.
Petticoat – for extra warmth
Farthingale- stiffened with willow to give the triangular shape to the costume.
Corset – stiffened with wood to flatten all lumps and bumps.
Bumroll – worn on the hips to give extra flare to the skirt
Parlet – worn over the corset
Kirtle – the main underskirt
Gown – split at the front to reveal the kirtle. Sleeves were either sewn in or tied on.

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Any comfortable trousers can be worn. If you want to be more adventurous, you can wear "whites" (long white trousers) or black breeches with long white socks (plain white football socks are good).

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Most dancers add bells to their costume to enhance the sound of the music. Bells can be strung on thread and hung around the neck, attached to arm bands, or made into bell pads. Bell pads are pads of material (perhaps leather)onto which are stitched rows of ribbons which can "flap" over rows of bells. A strip of material or webbing sewn along the top of the pad and extending from it is used to tie the pads just below the knees and a similar strip, at the bottom of the pad, is fastened around the leg loosely to allow the pads to flap on your leg as you dance.

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80% Protein

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Food: coarse grey bread (rye and barley) and soup (vegetables and herbs)
Activities:farming
Clothes:

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Food: meat, fish, robins, badgers,otters,tortoises and seagulls
Activities:hunting
Clothes:

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Only eaten by the wealthy as it was expensive.

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poor- weiteng
rich- kaisheng
butler- junxian
guard- darren

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In the Tudor era, there was a poor and rich man. One day, the poor man is farming while the rich man is hunting. Then, they went for lunch, what the poor man eat is just some coarse grey bread and soup and the rich man is eating meat, fish and tortoises. After that, the poor man walk to the place of rich man and want to steal the food but unfortunately, he caught by a butler and went for punishment which is flogging.

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https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1P526qrjsfSJlHbaSe2IhImJPiUNT-aX9dI0WGQp9g3M/edit?usp=sharing

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The victim was chained to the post, stripped to the waist and whipped.

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Hot irons were used to burn letters onto the skin of offenders hand, arm or cheek. A murderer would be branded with the letter 'M', vagrants with the letter 'V', and thieves with the letter "T".

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The pillory was a T shaped block of wood with holes for the hands in the crossbar of the T. The person being punished would have to stand in the device in the middle of the market to be ridiculed by passersby.

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Stocks were used in the same way as the pillory, except that with stocks, the feet were bound. The stocks were a block of wood with two holes for your feet to go in. Local people threw rubbish and rotten eggs at people in the stocks.

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Accused witches were dunked into a river, to see if they were innocent or guilty. If they floated, they were considered guilty and burnt at the stake. If they sank, they were innocent but died anyway, by drowning. Either way, they perished.

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The brank was a punishment enacted on women who gossiped or spoke too freely. It was a large iron framework placed on the head of the offender, forming a type of cage. There was a metal strip on the brank that fit into the mouth and was either sharpened to a point or covered with spikes so that any movement of the tongue was certain to cause severe injuries to the mouth.

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Some people who stole things from shops had their hands cut off.

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This was a punishment for public drunkenness. The drunk was forced to don a barrel and wander through town while the villagers jeer at him. Holes were cut in the barrel for the person's hands and head, causing it to become like a heavy, awkward shirt.