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The idea of Transcendentalism gave people the opportunity to develop new and independent traditions/culture.

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First advocates were Unitarian ministers from New England who questioned the constraints of their Puritan heritage.

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Walt Whitman

Collection of wild, exuberant poems

Emersonian ideal of “original relations” with nature

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With the failure of Brook Farm, the Emersonians abandoned their quest for new social institutions and accepted the brute reality of commercial and industrial order and tried to reform it through education of workers and abolition of slavery.

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Emerson created Brook Farm (1840), to create a community separate from the pressures of society.

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"Life in the woods"

Advocated for thorough individuality and peacefully resisting unjust laws

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Allowed them to escape their traditions

Opportunity in the urban industry

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Leading voice of transcendentalism

Believed that individuals were trapped by inherited customs and institutions

Traditions could only be remade through the communion with nature

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In the nineteenth century, there came a popular intellectual movement, transcendentalism, emphasizing the idea that all people have knowledge about themselves and the world around them that goes beyond what you can see, hear, taste, touch, and feel.