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The Listening paper has four parts and includes a mixture of monologues and dialogues from a range of familiar sources, such as news programmes, radio broadcasts, speeches and public announcements.

In Part 1, candidates listen to a series of unrelated recordings (approx. 30 seconds each) and answer one multiple-choice question for each recording.

In Part 2, candidates listen to a monologue or a dialogue with two or more speakers (approx. 3 minutes) and complete sentences on the question paper using the information they heard in the recording.

In Part 3, candidates listen to a series of statements and related monologues (approx. 30 seconds each) and choose which statement best matches what each speaker says.

In Part 4, candidates listen to a recording with two or more speakers (approx. 3 minutes) and answer seven multiple-choice questions.Candidates are expected to demonstrate a wide range of listening skills needed for real-life purposes, such as understanding the gist of an extract, listening for specific information, and understanding a speaker's opinion, attitude or feeling.

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The Listening paper has four parts and includes a mixture of monologues and dialogues from a range of familiar sources, such as news programmes, radio broadcasts, speeches and public announcements.

In Part 1, candidates listen to a series of unrelated recordings (approx. 30 seconds each) and answer one multiple-choice question for each recording.

In Part 2, candidates listen to a monologue or a dialogue with two or more speakers (approx. 3 minutes) and complete sentences on the question paper using the information they heard in the recording.

In Part 3, candidates listen to a series of statements and related monologues (approx. 30 seconds each) and choose which statement best matches what each speaker says.

In Part 4, candidates listen to a recording with two or more speakers (approx. 3 minutes) and answer seven multiple-choice questions.Candidates are expected to demonstrate a wide range of listening skills needed for real-life purposes, such as understanding the gist of an extract, listening for specific information, and understanding a speaker's opinion, attitude or feeling.

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The Listening paper has four parts and includes a mixture of monologues and dialogues from a range of familiar sources, such as news programmes, radio broadcasts, speeches and public announcements. In Part 1, candidates listen to a series of unrelated recordings (approx. 30 seconds each) and answer one multiple-choice question for each recording.

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FCE B2 LISTENING PART 1 EXERCISE 1 free practice test, free exercise, Cambridge English: First Certificate - englishaula.com

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Cambridge English exams online preparation, free practise test, exercises and video lessons. All levels: Young Learners: Starters (Pre A1), Young Learners: Movers (A1), Young Learners: Flyers (A2, Cambridge English: Key (KET - A2), Cambridge English: Preliminary (PET - B1), Cambridge English: First…

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FCE Listening part 1, test 2

Difficulty level: B2 /Upper Intermediate

This free FCE Listening Practice Test contains a series of short conversations. There is one multiple-choice question per conversation.

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fce exam practice english language elt efl grammar writing structure cambridge business exercises esol

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Cambridge English First (FCE) Listening Part 1: free practice test

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Listen to eight short conversations and choose the correct answers.

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FCE Reading and Use of English Parts 5, 6 and 7

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Explanations and exercises to help prepare for the FCE Reading and Use of English exam parts 5, 6 and 7.

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New English word? Translate any word using double click.

Prepare for the B2 Cambridge exam, or simply practise your English with this First Certificate Reading Test from the Use of English exam. Check your answers and read the explanation.

You are going to read an article about female surfers. For questions 1 - 10, choose from the people A - E. The people may be chosen more than once.
My advice:
Read the questions carefully first. Pay attention to the details in bold, read the first text, and then mark all the possible options. Repeat for the other texts. If you have marked more than one answer for the same question by the end, go back and compare the options you have given.

This exercise should not take more than 20 minutes. Use this timer to help you. When you have finished, click 'start' and write your answers below. You will be corrected.

In which section does the writer mention:

1. feeling satisfaction that her determination resulted in better performance?

2. the problem of having to wait for conditions to be favourable for surfing?

3. a change which helped her to pursue her hobby?

4. continuing to surf even when the conditions were unfavourable?

5. the pleasure she gets from seeing others succeed?

6. being aware that it would take time for her abilities to be recognised?

7. her enthusiasm for the sea being recognised by someone else?

8. an admission that she doesn't think about what she is doing when surfing?

9. not being concerned that she stood out from others?

10. people appreciating her serious attitude towards her surfing?

Use this notebook to write your (provisional) answers.

Now check your answers. Write a letter, A - E, for each question.

level.

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New English word? Translate any word using double click. Prepare for the B2 Cambridge exam, or simply practise your English with this First Certificate Reading Test from the Use of English exam. Check your answers and read the explanation. You are going to read an article about female surfers.

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If English isn't your first language, or even if English is, idioms can be a little confusing. So often people fail to understand what exactly an idiom is, how to use it in everyday conversations, or how to spot or use them in writing. This guide should help you understand idioms more closely, and maybe give you some ideas about how to start using them yourself. So, what is an idiom?

Idiom

What is an Idiom?

Idioms occur in all languages on every continent throughout the world. They are known as a form of formulaic language. This type of language is not meant to be taken literally in most cases. These phrases are meant to have a figurative meaning that paints a picture in someone's mind as a comparison for what is literally implied by the terminology being used. Most idioms come in the form of phrases known as idiomatic phrases. Idioms are used every day in all types of conversations and discussions about many topics. They most often appear in informal conversations, but can also appear in formal discussions as well.
Idiom Definition
An idiom is a phrase or an expression that has a figurative, or sometimes literal meaning. An idiom's figurative meaning is different from the literal meaning.

Idioms are things that people say or write that when taken literally, don't make sense. This can be quite confusing, but essentially they are 'sayings' or 'phrases' that are understood by English speakers in terms of their intended meaning, but when taken at face value the words together make little or no sense at all. An example might be somebody saying they were " Over the moon" because of something good happening in their lives. Taking that literally would leave somebody feeling quite confused, but most people understand that the individual is trying to say that they are really happy about something. There are many examples of idioms in English and we'll take a look at a few more later, but why do we use them to begin with?

Most idioms have an extensive history of being used over an extended period of time. Many have origins in the Bible and even more are derived from Old English or Latin phrases and words. Well-known authors like Shakespeare, Chaucer, and many others have used or are solely responsible for the creation of some idioms in their works of poetry, drama, plays, and more. These well-known authors used idioms to prevent their writing from sounding bland, mundane, and repetitive by using the same old boring comparisons using both relative and literal terms. In fact, most of the popular idioms that we still use to this very day have stood the ultimate test of time having originated thousands of years ago.

Learn more about English proverbs - common sayings from which we can learn something.

Native English speakers, or of any language for that matter, naturally inherit the knowledge to know what idioms mean because they have the benefit of hearing them every day as they grow up. However, when you are learning English as a secondary language and it is not your native tongue, idioms and other forms of figurative language can be extremely difficult to understand. Understanding them, however, is an essential part of being able to communicate effectively with those around you and for them to communicate effectively with you.

Hit the books: this idiom simply means to study, especially with particular intensity. It is used as a verb - hit the books.

On the ball: this idiomatic expression is used to reference someone that is alert, active, or attentive. If you say someone is "on the ball", you mean that he or she understands the situation well.

Pull someone's leg: this idiom means to tease someone, to lead someone on, or to goad someone into overreacting."I hadn't pulled Ms Jane's leg for any of that stuff, she had just handed it to me on a platter, and that wasn't my fault"

Hit the sack: This idiomatic phrase generally means to go to bed. You can also say "hit the hay" which has the same meaning.

Idiom Examples
Idioms

The Importance of Idioms

You might be wondering why we choose to complicate things by using idioms at all. Wouldn't it just be easier to say what we literally mean? Well, yes, it might be easier but it would also be a little boring. Using idioms is a way of expressing ourselves figuratively instead of literally. It's a way to express meaning on a more relatable and deeper level. When we hear idioms or read idioms we are able to use our imagination more to really understand the meaning that the person is trying to get across to us. It's almost like we understand their meaning even more.

Take the "Over the moon" example from earlier. The person could just say that they are "really happy" about whatever it is that is making them happy. But by using the idiom and expressing themselves figuratively, we understand what they mean and it carries with it a little more meaning than the literal version of what they are trying to say. Essentially, we can form an image in our mind of this person being so overjoyed that they could jump over the moon with happiness. If that isn't more meaningful than someone saying "I'm really happy", then we don't know what is.

Idioms are important because they allow people to express themselves in a more open and creative way. It allows the speaker or the writer to get a point across to somebody in a way that might not always be clear initially, but in the context of what they are saying makes perfect sense. They can be really good as a short way of expressing a more complicated idea. "Over the moon" is much easier than saying "I'm really happy, I could jump for joy and land on the moon". Most people know what "Over the moon" means anyway, so it communicates the meaning clearly and quickly.

Why Use Idioms in Everyday Conversations?

In short, because it would be difficult not to. We all know certain sayings or phrases from growing up, and that is exactly what an idiom is. Idioms can be universally understood, locally understood in your country/town/city/street, or even be understood just within your own family. Idioms are sewed into the fabric of the English language, wherever you're speaking it. They are useful in everyday conversations because they get the meaning across without having to say very much at all. You save time, your meaning is clear in a figurative sense (even when it is not literally understood), and then you can move on to the next part of your conversation.

We use idioms in everyday conversations because they are phrases and sayings that are easily understood and quick to say. It makes sense to make use of this figurative way of conveying your message or getting your point across.

Learn more with common American idioms, and British phrases and sayings.

How and When to Use Idioms in Writing

Unfortunately, it isn't always acceptable to use idioms in writing. If, for example, you are writing something that is going to be placed on the internet for a potential worldwide audience, idioms might become confusing. You have to understand that idioms might be unique to you in some sense, and that others might struggle to understand what you are saying. With idioms, context is everything. People who are learning English as a second language won't be familiar with the quirky sayings and phrases that idioms represent, and sometimes even for people who have English as a first language might never have come across the particular idiom you are using. So, try to avoid idioms if you think your meaning might become unclear for your audience.

Idioms are also seen as quite an informal way of writing, so you should avoid using them for anything that needs to be formal in tone. Writing to a company that has just appointed you as their new Communications Manager for example, might not be the best time to tell them that you are "Over the moon" and that the task might be a "tall order" but you're certain that you can "move the needle" and have everything ready "on the dot". If those idioms confused you, don't worry, they were supposed to... The point is, that meaning can get lost easily, and in formal or professional writing you should always aim to be as clear as possible.

That being said, if you are writing something that can be informal in tone and you know that the audience is going to understand your meaning because it's commonly used in your local area or the meaning is easily deduced through context, then you absolutely should make use of idioms in writing! They are an excellent way of communicating an idea, and they will mean more to an individual who understands it than if you simply said everything literally.

Idioms are a very useful thing to understand in day to day life, and using them yourself now that you better understand them could save you time, express your meaning more clearly, and help people feel more connected to what you are saying or writing!

Examples of common idioms used in sentences

Idioms List

The following is an extensive list of 1500+ common English Idioms with their meanings.

List of English idioms that start with A.
List of Common English Idioms - Image 1
List of English idioms that start with B.
List of Common English Idioms - Image 2
List of English idioms that start with C.
English Idioms Examples with Idiom Meaning | Image 2
List of English idioms that start with D.

List of English idioms that start with E.

List of English idioms that start with F.
English Idioms Examples with Idiom Meaning | Image 3
List of English idioms that start with G.

List of English idioms that start with H.
English Idioms Examples with Idiom Meaning | Image 4
List of English idioms that start with I.

List of common English idioms that start with J.

List of common English idioms that start with K.

List of common English idioms that start with L.
English Idioms Examples with Idiom Meaning | Image 5
List of common English idioms that start with M.

List of common English idioms that start with N.

List of common English idioms that start with P.
English Idioms Examples with Idiom Meaning | Image 6
List of common English idioms that start with Q.

Quake In One's Boots: To be very frightened

Quarter Past: Fifteen minutes after the hour

Quarter To/Of: Fifteen minutes before the hour

Queer the Pitch: Interfere with someone's plans; make something more difficult

Quick as a Flash: Very fast

Quick-and-Dirty: Approximate, hastily done

Quote Unquote: Ironically speaking; suggesting that if a phrase were written out, it would be in quotation marks to convey sarcasm

List of commonly used English idioms that start with R.

List of commonly used English idioms that start with S.

List of useful English idioms that start with T.

List of useful English idioms that start with U.

List of useful English idioms that start with V.

Vale of Tears: The world in general, envisioned as a sad place; the tribulations of life

Vicious Circle: A situation in which an attempt to solve a problem makes the original problem worse.

Victory Lap: Visible public appearances after a victory or accomplishment

Virgin Territory: Something that has never been explored, physically or intellectually

Vote with One's Feet: To physically depart from something as a way of showing disapproval

List of useful English idioms that start with W.

List of useful English idioms that start with Y.

List of useful English idioms that start with Z.

Zero In On: Focus closely on something; take aim at something

Zig When One Should Be Zagging: To make an error; to choose an incorrect course

Idiom Examples

List of idioms categorized by different topics with meaning and example sentences.

List of health idiom example sentences with idiom meaning.

List of clothing idiom example sentences with idiom meaning.

List of sport idiom examples with idiom meaning.
Idiom Examples Image 2
List of music idiom examples with idiom meaning.

List of time idiom examples with idiom meaning.

List of number idiom examples with idiom meaning.

Travel & Transport Idioms Examples

List of travel idiom examples with idiom meaning.

List of car idiom examples with idiom meaning.

List of technology idiom examples with idiom meaning.

List of home idiom examples with idiom meaning.

List of plant idiom examples with idiom meaning.

There are a few problems with the new website, but they don't amount to a hill of beans (unimportant). We did it!

List of weather idiom examples with idiom meaning.

Old Man Winter (Winter) is hanging around this year-it's the middle of March, and we still have a lot of snow.

List of appearance idiom examples with idiom meaning.

List of people idiom examples with idiom meaning.

List of daily activities idiom examples with idiom meaning.

List of social life idiom examples with idiom meaning.

List of happy idiom examples with idiom meaning.

List of crazy idiom examples with idiom meaning.

List of love idiom examples with idiom meaning.

List of emotion idiom examples with idiom meaning.

S orry I was so quiet during the meeting. I've been out of sorts(slightly ill ) all day.

John is (competent, alert). I think we can leave the office under his supervision for a few days.

Idiom Examples Image 3
List of food idiom examples with idiom meaning.

List of fruit idiom examples with idiom meaning.

List of dog idiom examples with idiom meaning.

List of cat idiom examples with idiom meaning.

Animal Idioms Examples

List of animals idiom examples with idiom meaning.

List of family idiom examples with idiom meaning.

Body Idioms Examples

List of body idiom examples with idiom meaning.

List of business idiom examples with idiom meaning.

English Idioms | Images

We use idioms daily for several reasons. When used as either a part of a conversation or as a part of writing, idioms have a way of making what we are attempting to say better. Idiomatic phrases add color and poetry to what we say and what we write. They also give us a way to make the people on the other end listening think outside the box due to their figurative language. It makes people stop and think "what did they mean by that?" Some idioms even invoke laughter from the listener or reader by making them picture something that seems highly unlikely. Finally, the usage of idioms makes great comparisons and these unlikely comparisons can impress readers and listeners of our work alike.
List of English Idioms with Their Meanings | Image 1 Useful List of English Idioms with Their Meanings | Image 2 List of Common English Idioms with Their Meanings | Image 3 Common English Idioms List with Meaning | Image 4 Common English Idioms List with Meaning | Image 5 English Idioms Examples with Idiom Meaning | Image 7 Useful English Idioms Examples with Idiom Meaning | Image 8 English Idioms Examples with Idiom Meaning | Image 9
Idiom Videos

Idioms | Lessons

Common Idioms

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1500+ English Idioms from A-Z (with Useful Examples)

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If English isn't your first language, or even if English is, idioms can be a little confusing. So often people fail to understand what exactly an idiom is, how to use it in everyday conversations, or how to spot or use them in writing.

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Learn PARTY Phrasal Verbs | "At a Party" Vocabulary - 7 E S L

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1.4Kshares Learn commonly used party phrasal verbs in English. You can jump to any section of this lesson:1 List of ...

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A list of common synonyms grouped in categories: for teachers, writers and students of English alike. These lists also contain examples for the most common 100 words or so; however, the intention is not to replace a thesaurus. Within the categories the sorting is alphabetical.

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Word patterns and the understanding of vocabulary and prepositions are fundamental in achieving accuracy in English. Take a look HERE for extra advice on how to improve your vocabulary. Feel free to share the activities and students and teachers can use the PDFS in their classes and for the reinforcement of language.

TRY OUR INTERACTIVE QUIZ HERE

FOR PHRASAL VERB ACTIVITIES IN PDF CLICK (HERE) AND FOR GRAMMAR IN PDF CLICK (HERE)

The best way to learn word patterns (meaning verbs + prepositions, adjectives + prepositions or nouns + prepositions) is to learn them as a short phrase instead of learning them on their own, for example:

depend on = I normally pass exams easilty, but it depends on the day

consist of = What does the course consist of exactly?

You should use word patterns in various different ways such as speaking, reading, writing and listening. It is very important to use them in contexts that you can remember. You should use MNEMONICS to help you recall them or even associate them with an image.

Follow our VOCABULARY BOOST SERIES ( HERE) in the vocabulary section of activities to improve your collocations and word patterns and also, this great way ( HERE) to improve your vocabulary.

Here are some free PDF exercises for you to practice at home.
MATCHING VERB + PREPOSITION 1 MATCHING VERB + PREPOSITION 2 MATCHING VERB + PREPOSITION 3 MATCHING VERB + PREPOSITION 4 MATCHING VERB + PREPOSITION 5 MATCHING VERB + PREPOSITION 6 GAPS FILL WORD PATTERNS 1 GAPS FILL WORD PATTERNS 2 GAPS FILL WORD PATTERNS 3 GAPS FILL WORD PATTERNS 4 WORD PATTERNS CATEGORIES MULTIPLE CHOICE ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION MULTIPLE CHOICE ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION 2 MULTIPLE CHOICE ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION 3 B2 MATCHING VERB + PREPOSITION 1 B2 MATCHING VERB + PREPOSITION 2 B2 MATCHING VERB + PREPOSITION 3 B2 MATCHING VERB + PREPOSITION 4 B2 MATCHING VERB + PREPOSITION 5 B2 MATCHING VERB + PREPOSITION 6 WORD PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS AS AND LIKE EXERCISES FOR AND DURING EXERCISES MAKE OR DO EXERCISES WEAR VERSUS CARRY ARRIVE GET OR REACH MANAGE ACHIEVE OR SUCCEED PLAY GO OR DO WATCH OR SEE BRING OR TAKE LEND OR BORROW PASS SPEND OR TAKE PICK OR CHOOSE TRY INTEND OR TASTE DO, MAKE, HAVE OR TAKE ONE WORD EDUCATION GAPS FILL MISS OR LOSE PREPOSITIONS GAPS FILL QUESTIONS
Follow our vocabulary boost series ( HERE) to study new vocabulary and collocations. Remember, practice makes perfect!
Para ver un curso completo sigue el enlace APPF . Los cursos de APPF SON 100% ONLINE Y OS PREPARARÁN EN 1 MES PARA REALIZAR EL B1, B2 O EL C1 DE CAMBRIDGE EXAM ENGLISH.
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WORD PATTERNS AND COLLOCATIONS - FREE PDF EXERCISES

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COLLOCATIONS LISTS PDF. WORD PATTERNS AND COLLOCATION EXERCISES IN PDF FOR STUDENTS AND TEACHERS TO IMPROVE ENGLISH VOCABULARY USAGE

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First Certificate in English (FCE)

The final part of the Use of English paper is Key Word Transformations. A sentence followed by a key word and a second sentence which has a gap in it. You have to use the key word to complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence.

4. I regret not speaking to Marge sooner.
had
I wish ______________________________ sooner.

Exam Tip!

Each question is marked in two halves and it's perfectly possible to get one whole point in the exam just for getting a single word correctly, even if you don't know the other words to put in the gap. So you should always give every question a try.

Exam Tip!

The important thing in key word transformations is that you keep the meaning the same - EXACTLY the same. So it's important that you read through the first sentence and your second sentence to ensure you have kept the meaning the same. Look at these two sentences:
Tommy said he was ready for his driving test and would take it in July.
Tommy said he was ready for his driving test and could take it in July.
One letter has been changed, from "would" to "could" but it changes the meaning of the sentence totally. Be careful of this!

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Full teacher notes - zero preparation time.

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Lesson plans in both British and American English.

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Exam Tip!

The most common grammatical topics covered in Key Word Transformations are:

modal verbs and semi-modal verbs

verb patterns such as verb/infinitive, verb/gerund/ verb + preposition + gerund, etc

active voice to the passive voice

direct speech to reported speech

phrasal verbs and multi-word verbs

common idioms

third conditional

look like and seem / do and make / regret and wish

Exam Tip!

A good way to practise this part of the FCE exam is to get used to writing and re-writing sentences using different structures and without changing the meaning.

How many ways can you write this sentence:

Mr. Jones made us stay late because we arrived late.

Here are a few:

We were made to stay late by Mr. Jones because we arrived late.
Mr. Jones forced us to stay late because we arrived late.
We were forced to stay late by Mr. Jones because we arrived late.
Mr. Jones made us stay late because of our lateness.
and so on...

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B2 First (First Certificate in English) Examination Key Word Transformations | esl-lounge Student

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The final part of the Use of English paper is Key Word Transformations. A sentence followed by a key word and a second sentence which has a gap in it. You have to use the key word to complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first sentence.

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Learning common idioms first is the best way to begin building up your knowledge of these types of words and expressions.

This page has been divided up into 5 tables of 10 words, so you have 50 of the most common phrases, and you can learn them as a set at a time.

Soon some exercises will be added so you can practice each set of words, so keep an eye on this page.

Make sure that you have checked that you know exactly what idioms are and when to use them before you start practicing them.

These common idioms are for speaking rather than writing.

Common Idioms List

Set 1

Idioms Practice - Test yourself on these first 10 common idioms
Go to the Idiom practice exercise for these 10 words
View these 10 idioms in use and practice them

Go to idioms exercises for Set 4 words

Go to idiom practice exercises for Set 5 words

Now that you know some common idioms you can start to practice with them. Some practice exercises for the words in the sets above will be added to the site soon.

Comments

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Common Idioms: Useful words for speaking exams

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These common idioms can be used to help your speaking sound more like a native speaker in the IELTS Test. Idioms are something that an examiner looks out for in the speaking test.

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By Karly Cox

Time is a big part of life, and there are a lot of English phrases and expressions that are related to it. Here are some of the most popular ones,

1 against the clock

2 around the clock

5 call it a day/night

8 someone's days are numbered

10 five o'clock shadow

meaning: when a man's facial hair starts showing a little bit when he hasn't shaved since morning
use: Andy thinks he has five o'clock shadow, but I'm sure it's just dirt.

11 make good time

12 never in a month of Sundays

13 in the nick of time

14 once in a blue moon

15 play for time

16 since time immemorial

17 a stitch in time saves nine

18 time flies

19 time on your hands

20 time is money

meaning: time is valuable, and you shouldn't waste it.
use: Why are you just sitting staring at the ceiling? Time is money! Get up and do something practical!

21 time is on my side

22 to the end of time

23 wasn't born yesterday

meaning: not stupid or naive
use: I tried to trick my aunt into sticking her hand in a bag full of jelly, but she said she wasn't born yesterday, and tipped it over my head!

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23 time idioms to make your writing more interesting

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By Karly Cox Time is a big part of life, and there are a lot of English phrases and expressions that are related to it. Here are some of the most popular ones, meaning: when a man's facial hair starts showing a little bit when he hasn't shaved since morning use: Andy thinks he has five o'clock shadow, but I'm sure it's just dirt.

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Learn IELTS topic vocabulary the easy way, presented as you might use the words and expressions in an IELTS Speaking exam. When you've completed each lesson, try using the vocabulary in an IELTS-style practice test. Here are our latest vocabulary lessons:

Come back soon for our latest vocabulary exercise

Every effort is made to make sure there are no typos or spelling mistakes in these exercises. However, if you find one please let us know and we'll update it immediately!

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IELTS vocabulary practice for the Speaking paper

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Practise IELTS vocabulary for the Speaking exam. Each lesson presents topic vocabulary in the context of answers to Part 1, Part 2 and Part 3 questions and tasks.

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Collocations List | Vocabulary | EnglishClub

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A list of English collocations, with definitions, explanations, sample sentences, quizzes and answers. Arranged alphabetically.

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Page 1

Phrasal verbs can be a very confusing part of learning English.

We have a comprehensive Phrasal Verb Guide on the site, with definitions of 700 phrasal verbs and over 1000 examples.

In this part of the site, you will be able to put into practice what you have learned.

Phrasal Verb Generators

In these exercises, you have to complete the gaps in the sentences choosing from a list of main verbs and prepositions.

Phrasal Verb Generator Exercise 1. Exercise Number: 4PV1

Phrasal Verb Generator Exercise 2. Exercise Number: 4PV2

Phrasal Verb Generator Exercise 3. Exercise Number: 4PV3

Phrasal Verb Generator Exercise 4. Exercise Number: 4PV4

Phrasal Verb Generator Exercise 5. Exercise Number: 4PV5

Phrasal Verb Generator Exercise 6. Exercise Number: 4PV6

Phrasal Verb Generator Exercise 7. Exercise Number: 4PV27

Phrasal Verb Generator Exercise 8. Exercise Number: 4PV28

Phrasal Verb Generator Exercise 9. Exercise Number: 4PV29

Phrasal Verb Generator Exercise 10. Exercise Number: 4PV30

Are you also an English teacher?

High quality PDF lesson plans.

Full teacher notes - zero preparation time.

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Phrasal Verb Generator Exercise 11. Exercise Number: 4PV31

Phrasal Verb Generator Exercise 12. Exercise Number: 4PV32

Phrasal Verb Generator Exercise 13. Exercise Number: 4PV33

Phrasal Verb Generator Exercise 14. Exercise Number: 4PV34

Phrasal Verb Generator Exercise 15. Exercise Number: 4PV35

Phrasal Verb Generator Exercise 16. Exercise Number: 4PV36

Phrasal Verb Generator Exercise 17. Exercise Number: 4PV37

Phrasal Verb Generator Exercise 18. Exercise Number: 4PV38

Phrasal Verb Generator Exercise 19. Exercise Number: 4PV39

Phrasal Verb Exercises: By Verb

Here we concentrate on the main ten or fifteen verbs with which prepositions are put to make phrasal verbs.

Phrasal Verbs with Break Exercise Number: 4PV15

Phrasal Verbs with Bring Exercise Number: 4PV16

Phrasal Verbs with Get Exercise Number: 4PV17

Phrasal Verbs with Give Exercise Number: 4PV18

Phrasal Verbs with Go Exercise Number: 4PV19

Phrasal Verbs with Keep Exercise Number: 4PV20

Phrasal Verbs with Look Exercise Number: 4PV21

Phrasal Verbs with Make Exercise Number: 4PV22

Phrasal Verbs with Put Exercise Number: 4PV23

Phrasal Verbs with Set Exercise Number: 4PV24

Phrasal Verbs with Take Exercise Number: 4PV25

Phrasal Verbs with Turn Exercise Number: 4PV26

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English Phrasal Verbs - Free Phrasal Verb Practice Exercises

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Learn phrasal verbs effectively. Many free exercises to improve your use of English phrasal verbs and help you understand.

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The Academic Collocation List (ACL)Common academic collocations

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This page describes the Academic Collocation List (ACL), explaining what it is and giving a full list of collocations in the ACL, sorted by headword. There is also, in another section, an ACL highlighter which can be used to highlight ACL words in a text, as well as an ACL mind map creator.

What is the ACL?

The Academic Collocation List (ACL) is a list containing 2,469 of the most frequent and useful collocations which occur in written academic English. It can be seen as a collocational companion to the Academic Word List (AWL), consisting of collocations (or word combinations) rather than single words.

The ACL was developed by Kirsten Ackermann and Yu-Hua Chen using the Pearson International Corpus of Academic English (PICAE), with advice from English teaching experts to ensure the collocations chosen would be useful to students of English. The ACL gives around 1.4% coverage of words in academic English (based on the source corpus used in the study). In contrast, the same collocations give only 0.1% coverage for a general corpus, showing they are indeed much more common in academic than general English.

Many of the words in the ACL are also contained in the AWL, e.g. alternative approach appears in the ACL, and both of these words appear in the AWL. However, there are many word combinations which are very common in academic writing which contain one word or no words from the AWL, such as generally agree (both of these words actually appear in the GSL). Studying collocations is an important way to build up your academic vocabulary, and the Academic Collocation List is one possible tool to help you do this.

Exercises

Check out the Quizzes section for exercises to practise using words in the ACL.

The Academic Collocation List

The 2,469 collocations in the ACL are listed below. The list has been adapted for this website by collecting collocations under headwords, in the same way that words in the AWL are categorised. In addition, the collocations have been listed under both of the headwords they contain in order to make them easier to find. This means, for example, that the collocation great accuracy appears both under the headword great and the headword accurate. The collocation accurate description likewise appears under accurate, as well as under the headword describe. This means each collocation appears twice in the list, once for each headword. Where words occur in the AWL, the AWL headword has been used, e.g. the AWL headword for academic is academy.

There are three versions of this list on the website:

Headword
Collocations

ability

cognitive ability

abstract

abstract concept

abuse

sexual abuse

academy

(in) academic circles, academic achievement, academic career, academic community, academic debate, academic discipline, academic discourse, academic institution, academic journal, academic life, academic performance, academic research, academic skills, academic study, academic success, academic work, academic world, academic writing, academic year

accept

accept responsibility, acceptable behaviour, socially acceptable, widespread acceptance, (be) commonly accepted, (be) generally accepted, (be) universally accepted, (be) widely accepted

access

allow access (to), deny access (to), direct access, easy access, electronic access, equal access, free access, gain access (to), give access (to), have access (to), internet access, limited access, online access, open access, provide access (to), public access, ready access, unlimited access, easily accessible, readily accessible

account

brief account, comprehensive account, historical account

accurate

great accuracy, accurate assessment, accurate description, accurate information, accurate measurement, accurate picture, accurate record

achieve

achieve (a) goal, achieve (an) objective, achieve (an) outcome, academic achievement

acquire

acquire knowledge, newly acquired

act

sexual act, appropriate action, collective action, legal action, military action, positive action, active involvement, active participant, active participation, active role, (be) actively involved, political activism, commercial activity, cultural activity, economic activity, engage in (an) activity, human activity, learning activity, physical activity, political activity, professional activity, related activity, social activity, undertake (an) activity

acute

particularly acute, acutely aware

add

add information

additional

additional cost, additional information, additional problem, additional resources, additional support

address

address (an) issue

adjust

structural adjustment, make adjustments

administrate

public administration, administrative practices

adopt

adopt (a) procedure, adopt (an) approach, (be) widely adopted

advance

advanced economy, advanced technology, technological advances

advantage

major advantage

adverse

adverse effect, adverse reaction, adversely affect

affair

economic affairs, financial affairs, internal affairs

affect

affect (the) development (of), affect (the) outcome, adversely affect, directly affect, severely affect, significantly affect, (be) directly affected

agency

federal agency, regulatory agency

agenda

political agenda, set (the) agenda

agree

generally agree, strongly agree, broad agreement, general agreement, international agreement, reach (an) agreement, strongly disagree

aim

overall aim, primary aim

allocate

allocate resources

allow

allow access (to)

ally

(be) closely allied (to, with)

almost

almost identical

alternative

alternative approach, alternative explanation, alternative form, alternative interpretion, alternative means, alternative method, alternative model, alternative solution, alternative source, alternative strategy, alternative view, alternative way, provide (an) alternative

amount

(a) considerable amount (of), (a) huge amount (of), (a) significant amount (of), (a) substantial amount (of), (a) vast amount (of), (an) enormous amount (of)

ample

ample evidence

analyse

careful analysis, comparative analysis, conduct (an) analysis, critical analysis, detailed analysis, economic analysis, final analysis, full analysis, further analysis, historical analysis, qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, statistical analysis, subsequent analysis, systematic analysis, textual analysis, thematic analysis, theoretical analysis, use (the) analysis, analytical approach, analytical tool

ancestor

common ancestor

anecdotal

anecdotal evidence

annual

annual conference, annual meeting, annual rate, annual report, annual review

answer

final answer

apparent

become apparent, immediately apparent, particularly apparent

appearance

physical appearance

apply

apply (a) method, apply (the) theory, apply equally

approach

adopt (an) approach, alternative approach, analytical approach, common approach, comprehensive approach, critical approach, develop (an) approach, flexible approach, general approach, holistic approach, integrated approach, logical approach, methodological approach, qualitative approach, quantitative approach, similar approach, standard approach, systematic approach, take (an) approach, theoretical approach, traditional approach, use (an) approach

appropriate

appropriate action, appropriate behaviour, appropriate conditions, appropriate data, appropriate form, appropriate language, appropriate level, appropriate point, appropriate response, appropriate skills, appropriate treatment, appropriate way, consider appropriate, deem appropriate, particularly appropriate, seem appropriate, respond appropriately

area

complex area, core area, cover (an) area, geographic(al) area, identify (an) area, key area, local area, main area, major area, metropolitan area, particular area, problem area, related area, rural area, specific area, subject area, urban area, vast area, whole area, wide area

arena

political arena

argument

compelling argument, counter argument, develop (an) argument, general argument, logical argument, main argument, make (an) argument, present (an) argument, similar argument, support (an) argument, valid argument

armed

armed conflict

arrangement

institutional arrangement, make arrangements

array

(a) vast array (of), (a) wide array (of)

article

publish (an) article

artificial

artificial intelligence

aspect

certain aspect, consider (an) aspect, cultural aspect, focus on (an) aspect, fundamental aspect, general aspect, key aspect, negative aspect, particular aspect, positive aspect, related aspect, social aspect, specific aspect, technical aspect, various aspects

assess

assess (the) impact (of), assessment process, accurate assessment, make (an) assessment, risk assessment

assign

(be) randomly assigned (to)

assist

financial assistance, medical assistance, provide assistance, technical assistance

associate

associated factors, (be) closely associated (with), (be) commonly associated (with), (be) positively associated (with), (be) strongly associated (with)

assume

assume (the) role (of), assume responsibility, (be) generally assumed, basic assumption, common assumption, fundamental assumption, make (an) assumption, underlying assumption, certain assumptions

atom

atomic energy

attempt

deliberate attempt

attend

attend (a) conference

attention

careful attention, considerable attention, critical attention, draw attention (to), focus attention (on)

attitude

change (an) attitude, negative attitude, positive attitude, changing attitudes, cultural attitudes, public attitudes, social attitudes

audience

target audience, wider audience

author

first author, original author

authority

central authority, exercise authority, local authority, political authority, public authority

autonomy

greater autonomy, relative autonomy

available

available data, available evidence, available information, available resources, become available, currently available, freely available, make available, publicly available, readily available, widely available

average

average score, national average

aware

acutely aware, become aware, fully aware, increasingly aware, keenly aware, make aware, well aware, greater awareness, growing awareness, increase awareness, increased awareness, increasing awareness, public awareness, raise awareness

background

background knowledge, cultural background, diverse background, historical background, social background

base

(be) largely based (on), basic assumption, basic component, basic concept, basic element, basic function, basic information, basic premise, basic principle, basic research, basic structure, basic technique, legal basis, theoretical basis

bear

bear resemblance (to)

become

become (a) source (of), become (the) focus (of), become apparent, become available, become aware, become blurred, become established, become evident, become independent, become involved (with/in), become obvious, become visible, become widespread

begin

begin (a) process

behave

behave differently, acceptable behaviour, appropriate behaviour, human behaviour, individual behaviour, sexual behaviour, social behaviour

belief

religious belief, widespread belief, (be) widely believed

benefit

beneficial effect, provide (a) benefit, economic benefits, potential benefits

best

(be) best described (as, in terms of)

binary

binary opposition, binary system

biological

biological evolution, biological science, biological sex

blur

become blurred

body

international body, professional body

bond

strong bond

boundary

clear boundary, cultural boundary, national boundary

brief

brief account, brief description, brief discussion, brief history, brief introduction, brief overview, brief period, brief review, brief summary, brief time, briefly describe, briefly discuss

broad

(a) broad range (of), broad agreement, broad category, broad definition, broad spectrum, broader context, (be) broadly defined, broadly similar

business

business sector, business transaction

call

(be) commonly called

capacity

limited capacity

capitalism

global capitalism, industrial capitalism, capitalist country, capitalist economy, capitalist society, capitalist system, capitalist world

care

primary care, provide care, careful analysis, careful attention, careful consideration, careful thought, (be) carefully controlled, (be) carefully selected

career

career development, career opportunity, academic career

carry

carry information

carry out

carry out (the) task, carry out research (of)

case

civil case, exceptional case, individual case, specific case

cast

cast doubt (on)

category

broad category, fall into (the) category (of), general category, main category

causal

causal link, causal relation, causal relationship

cause

cause consequences, cause stress, major cause, underlying cause

centre

central authority, central concept, central concern, central control, central core, central feature, central focus, central government, central importance, central issue, central part, central point, central position, central problem, central question, central role, central tenet, central theme, urban centre

certain

certain aspect, certain assumptions, certain characteristics, certain circumstances

challenge

face (a) challenge, major challenge, pose (a) challenge, present (a) challenge, serious challenge

change

change (an) attitude, change constantly, change dramatically, change rapidly, climate change, cultural change, demographic change, dramatic change, economic change, fundamental change, historical change, major change, minor change, radical change, significant change, structural change, technological change, environmental changes, changing attitudes, changing circumstances, changing nature, changing needs, changing pattern, changing world, ever changing, rapidly changing, remain unchanged

chapter

final chapter, following chapter, introductory chapter, opening chapter, preceding chapter, previous chapter, subsequent chapter

characteristic

characteristic feature, common characteristic, defining characteristic, key characteristic, salient characteristic, specific characteristic, certain characteristics, demographic characteristics, individual characteristics, main characteristics, physical characteristics, similar characteristics

charge

(be) highly charged

chemical

chemical reaction

choose

individual choice, personal choice, (be) randomly chosen

circle

(in) academic circles

circumstance

certain circumstances, changing circumstances, exceptional circumstances, historical circumstances, local circumstances, personal circumstances, political circumstances, social circumstances, special circumstances

cite

(be) frequently cited

civil

civil case, civil society

class

class consciousness, lower class, ruling class

classic

classic example, classic study, classic text, classic work, classical theory

clear

clear boundary, clear distinction, clear evidence, clear focus, clear indication, clear relationship, clear statement, clear structure, entirely clear, fairly clear, (be) clearly defined, (be) clearly demonstrated, (be) clearly established, (be) clearly identified, (be) clearly related (to), clearly evident, clearly important, clearly understand, clearly visible, remain unclear

climate

climate change, current climate, political climate, climatic conditions

close

close contact, close proximity, close relationship, close scrutiny, (be) closely allied (to, with), (be) closely associated (with), (be) closely connected (to, with), (be) closely linked (to, with), (be) closely related (to), (be) closely tied, closely resemble, (on/upon) closer inspection, (upon, on) closer examination, closer look

clue

provide (a) clue

cognitive

cognitive ability, cognitive development, cognitive skills

collaborative

collaborative learning

colleague

professional colleague

collect

collect data, collect information, collective action, collective identity, collective memory

combine

combined effect

come into

come into conflict (with)

come into

come into contact (with)

comment

make (a) comment, written comment

commercial

commercial activity, commercial transaction

commit

commit (a) crime, commit (an) offence

common

common ancestor, common approach, common assumption, common characteristic, common culture, common error, common feature, common goal, common method, common source, common theme, common usage, fairly common, increasingly common, relatively common, (be) commonly accepted, (be) commonly associated (with), (be) commonly called, (be) commonly encountered, (be) commonly found (in), (be) commonly known (as), (be) commonly referred (to) (as), (be) commonly used

communicate

communicate effectively, direct communication, effective communication, electronic communication, personal communication, verbal communication, written communication

community

academic community, ethnic community, international community, local community, rural community, scientific community, virtual community, wider community

compare

comparative analysis, comparative research, comparative study

compel

compelling argument, compelling evidence, compelling reason

compete

increased competition, competitive market, competitive pressure, highly competitive

competence

demonstrate competence

complete

complete (a) task

complex

complex area, complex interaction, complex issue, complex pattern, complex problem, complex process, complex question, complex relationship, complex set, complex situation, complex structure, complex system, extremely complex, highly complex, increasingly complex, increasing complexity

component

basic component, essential component, fundamental component, individual component, key component, main component, major component

comprehensive

comprehensive account, comprehensive approach, comprehensive overview, comprehensive review, comprehensive system

concentrate

high concentration

concept

abstract concept, basic concept, central concept, defining concept, key concept, theoretical concept, use (the) concept concept, conceptual framework

concern

central concern, environmental concern, major concern, primary concern, (be) mainly concerned (with), (be) particularly concerned (with), (be) primarily concerned (with)

concerted

concerted effort

conclude

concluding remarks, concluding section, draw (a) conclusion, general conclusion, lead to (the) conclusion, logical conclusion

condition

sufficient condition, conditional probability, appropriate conditions, climatic conditions, create conditions, economic conditions, experimental conditions, living conditions, natural conditions, normal conditions

conduct

conduct (a) study, conduct (a) survey, conduct (an) analysis, conduct (an) interview, conduct research

confer

annual conference, attend (a) conference, hold (a) conference, international conference, national conference

confine

(be) largely confined (to)

conflict

conflict resolution, armed conflict, come into conflict (with), internal conflict, political conflict, potential conflict, resolve (a) conflict, social conflict, conflicting interests

connect

(be) closely connected (to, with), (be) directly connected (to, with), (be) intimately connected (to, with)

connotation

negative connotation, positive connotation

consciousness

class consciousness, political consciousness

consent

general consensus, political consensus, reach (a) consensus, give consent, informed consent

consequent

cause consequences, direct consequences, economic consequences, environmental consequences, have consequences, negative consequences, political consequences, possible consequences, serious consequences, social consequences, unintended consequences

consider

consider (a) possibility, consider (an) aspect, consider (an) issue, consider (the) impact (of), consider (the) implications, consider (the) role (of), consider appropriate, consider relevant, careful consideration, ethical consideration, further consideration, give consideration, political consideration, practical consideration, require consideration, take into consideration, (be) generally considered

considerable

(a) considerable amount (of), (a) considerable degree (of), (be of) considerable importance, (in) considerable detail, (to a) considerable extent, considerable attention, considerable debate, considerable effort, considerable evidence, considerable influence, considerable interest, considerable research, considerable support, considerable variation, differ considerably, vary considerably

consist

consistent pattern, consistent results

constant

constant rate, relatively constant, remain constant, change constantly

constitute

constituent elements, constituent parts

constrain

impose constraints

construct

social construct, (be) socially constructed

contact

close contact, come into contact (with), direct contact, first contact, maintain contact, make contact, personal contact, physical contact, sexual contact, social contact

contain

contain (an) element, contain information

contemporary

contemporary debate, contemporary issue, contemporary life, contemporary society, contemporary world

context

broader context, cultural context, economic context, global context, historical context, institutional context, international context, original context, political context, present context, provide context, social context, specific context, wider context, contextual factors

continue

continued existence, continued growth, continued use, continuous process

contrast

marked contrast, sharp contrast, stark contrast, striking contrast

contribute

contribute significantly, contribute to (the) development (of), major contribution, make (a) contribution, significant contribution

control

central control, government control, internal control, personal control, (be) carefully controlled, (be) tightly controlled

controversy

controversial issue, highly controversial

convene

conventional view, conventional wisdom

convey

convey (a) message, convey information, convey meaning

convince

convincing evidence

cope

coping strategy

core

core area, core element, core issue, core skills, core value, central core

correct

correct (an) error, correct interpretation, politically correct

correlate

(be) highly correlated (with), (be) negatively correlated (with), (be) positively correlated (with), (be) significantly correlated (with), (be) strongly correlated (with), high correlation, negative correlation, positive correlation, significant correlation, significant correlation, strong correlation

cost

additional cost, rising cost

counter

counter argument

country

capitalist country, industrial country, industrialized country

cover

cover (a) range (of), cover (a) topic, cover (an) area, media coverage, provide coverage

create

create (an) environment, create (an) impression, create (an) opportunity, create conditions, create opportunities, create problems, newly created, creative process, creative thinking, creative work

crime

commit (a) crime, criminal offence

crisis

economic crisis

criteria

meet criteria, objective criteria, use criteria

critical

critical analysis, critical approach, critical attention, critical essay, critical evaluation, critical examination, critical factor, critical importance, critical inquiry, critical introduction, critical issue, critical perspective, critical point, critical reflection, critical review, critical role, critical scrutiny, critical theory, critical thinking, critical writing, highly critical, critically evaluate, radical critique

crucial

crucial difference, crucial factor, crucial importance, crucial part, crucial point, crucial question, crucial role

culture

cultural activity, cultural aspect, cultural attitudes, cultural background, cultural boundary, cultural change, cultural context, cultural differences, cultural dimension, cultural diversity, cultural factors, cultural heritage, cultural history, cultural identity, cultural influence, cultural institution, cultural issue, cultural life, cultural norm, cultural perspective, cultural phenomenon, cultural practice, cultural significance, cultural theory, cultural tradition, cultural values, culturally specific, common culture, dominant culture, global culture, local culture, modern culture, national culture, political culture, popular culture, traditional culture

currency

foreign currency, single currency

current

current climate, current issue, current policy, current research, current status, current technology, current trend, currently available

customer

potential customer

daily

daily living

damage

environmental damage

dangerous

potentially dangerous

data

data gathering, data set, appropriate data, available data, collect data, empirical data, existing data, experimental data, extract data, gather data, historical data, interpret data, missing data, numerical data, obtain data, original data, preliminary data, present data, primary data, process data, provide data, qualitative data, quantitative data, raw data, record data, relevant data, reliable data, report data, secondary data, statistical data, store data, survey data, transmit data, use (the) data data, online database

deal

deal (with an) issue

death

premature death

debate

academic debate, considerable debate, contemporary debate, heated debate, ongoing debate, political debate, public debate, theoretical debate

decade

next decade, previous decade, early decades, recent decades

decide

final decision, major decision, strategic decision

deem

deem appropriate, deem necessary

deep

(a) deep understanding (of), (at/on a) deeper level, (be) deeply embedded, (be) deeply rooted

define

(be) broadly defined, (be) clearly defined, defining characteristic, defining concept, defining feature, broad definition, general definition, narrow definition, precise definition, use (the) definition

degradation

environmental degradation

degree

(a) considerable degree (of), (a) higher degree (of), (a) significant degree (of), varying degree

deliberate

deliberate attempt

demand

increased demand, increasing demand

democracy

liberal democracy, social democracy, western democracy, democratic institution, democratic process, democratic society, democratic state

demographic

demographic change, demographic characteristics, demographic factor

demonstrate

demonstrate competence, (be) clearly demonstrated

densely

(be) densely populated

deny

deny access (to)

department

government department

dependent

dependent variable, highly dependent

describe

describe (a) procedure, describe (a) method, describe (a) process, briefly describe, (be) best described (as, in terms of), previously described, accurate description, brief description, descriptive statistics

design

experimental design, urban design, (be) specifically designed (to, for), well designed

desire

highly desirable, socially desirable, desired outcome

detail

(in) considerable detail, sufficient detail, technical detail, detailed analysis, detailed examination, detailed information, detailed study

determined

(be) largely determined (by)

develop

develop (a) method, develop (a) strategy, develop (a) technique, develop (a) theory, develop (an) argument, develop (an) approach, (be) fully developed, (be) highly developed, (be) originally developed, career development, cognitive development, contribute to (the) development (of), encourage (the) development (of), facilitate (the) development (of), further development, future development, historical development, industrial development, normal development, physical development, professional development, promote (the) development (of), regional development, significant development, subsequent development, technological development, urban development, affect (the) development (of), developmental process, developmental stage

diagnostic

diagnostic test

differ

differ considerably, differ significantly, differ widely, crucial difference, fundamental difference, major difference, obvious difference, sexual difference, significant difference, substantial difference, cultural differences, ethnic differences, individual differences, racial differences, radical differences, regional differences, (be) markedly different, entirely different, fundamentally different, qualitatively different, radically different, slightly different, substantially different, totally different, widely different, behave differently, think differently, treat differently

difficult

increasingly difficult, encounter difficulties, experience difficulties, face difficulties, learning difficulties, practical difficulties, present difficulties

digital

digital information, digital media, digital technology

dilemma

ethical dilemma, face (a) dilemma, moral dilemma

dimension

cultural dimension, political dimension, social dimension

direct

direct access, direct communication, direct consequences, direct contact, direct evidence, direct impact, direct involvement, direct link, direct observation, direct relationship, direct role, (be) directly affected, (be) directly connected (to, with), (be) directly involved (in), (be) directly linked (to), (be) directly linked (to, with), (be) directly proportional (to), (be) directly related (to), (be) directly responsible (for), directly affect

disaster

natural disaster

discipline

academic discipline

disclose

disclose information

discourse

academic discourse, dominant discourse, public discourse, scientific discourse

discover

newly discovered

discriminate

face discrimination, positive discrimination, racial discrimination

discuss

discuss (a) topic, discuss (an) issue, briefly discuss, (be) widely discussed, previously discussed, brief discussion, earlier discussion, fuller discussion, preceding discussion, previous discussion

disperse

(be) widely dispersed

display

public display

dispose

disposable income

dispute

resolve (a) dispute

distinct

distinct group, distinct type, clear distinction, draw (a) distinction, make (a) distinction, sharp distinction, distinctive feature

distinguish

distinguishing feature

distribute

(be) widely distributed, geographic(al) distribution, normal distribution

diverse

(a) diverse range (of), diverse background, diverse group, cultural diversity, ethnic diversity, great diversity

divide

(be) further divided (into), dividing line

document

(be) well documented

documentary

documentary evidence

domain

public domain

domestic

domestic market, domestic sphere, domestic violence

dominate

male dominance, dominant culture, dominant discourse, dominant form, dominant group, dominant ideology, dominant paradigm, dominant position, dominant role

doubt

cast doubt (on)

draft

first draft

drama

dramatic change, dramatic effect, dramatic increase, change dramatically, increase dramatically

draw

draw (a) conclusion, draw (a) distinction, draw (a) line, draw attention (to)

drive

driving force

due

due process

duration

long duration, maximum duration, short duration

dynamic

dynamic equilibrium, dynamic nature, dynamic process, dynamic system

early

earlier discussion, earlier period, earlier research, earlier stage, earlier study, earlier times, earlier version, earlier work, early decades, early study

easy

(be) easily identified, (be) easily understood, easily accessible, easy access

economy

economic activity, economic affairs, economic analysis, economic benefits, economic change, economic conditions, economic consequences, economic context, economic crisis, economic exploitation, economic factors, economic forces, economic goal, economic growth, economic inequality, economic integration, economic interests, economic policy, economic power, economic prosperity, economic reform, economic relations, economic relationships, economic resources, economic sector, economic stability, economic status, economic structure, economic success, economic system, economic theory, economic value, economic welfare, advanced economy, capitalist economy, global economy, local economy, national economy, political economy, rural economy

edit

revised edition

educate

(be) highly educated, well educated, higher education, primary education, secondary education, educational institution, educational opportunity, educational policy, educational programme, educational provision, educational qualification, educational research, educational setting, educational system

effect

adverse effect, beneficial effect, combined effect, dramatic effect, negative effect, overall effect, positive effect, profound effect, significant effect, similar effect, effective communication, effective implementation, effective intervention, effective management, effective method, effective participation, effective policy, effective treatment, highly effective, particularly effective, communicate effectively, use effectively, work effectively, environmental effects

efficient

highly efficient

effort

concerted effort, considerable effort, research effort

election

presidential election

electronic

electronic access, electronic communication, electronic media, electronic resources, electronic version

element

basic element, contain (an) element, core element, essential element, individual element, key element, main element, single element, structural element, constituent elements

embed

(be) deeply embedded

emerge

newly emerging

emission

reduce emissions

emotion

emotional impact, emotional intelligence, emotional reaction, emotional response, emotional support

emphasis

give emphasis, greater emphasis, increasing emphasis, particular emphasis, place emphasis, shift emphasis, special emphasis, strong emphasis

empirical

empirical data, empirical evidence, empirical investigation, empirical research, empirical study, empirical support, empirical work

employ

employ (a) method, employ (a) technique, employment opportunities, full employment, paid employment, high unemployment, low unemployment

encounter

encounter difficulties, encounter problems, first encounter, (be) commonly encountered

encourage

encourage (the) development (of)

energy

atomic energy, nuclear energy, renewable energy, solar energy

engage in

engage in (an) activity

enhance

enhance learning, enhance performance, greatly enhance

enormous

(an) enormous amount (of), enormous impact

entire

(the) entire range (of), entire period, entirely clear, entirely different, entirely new

entity

separate entity, single entity

environment

create (an) environment, external environment, immediate environment, learning environment, natural environment, physical environment, political environment, social environment, urban environment, environmental changes, environmental concern, environmental consequences, environmental damage, environmental degradation, environmental effects, environmental factors, environmental impact, environmental issues, environmental policy, environmental pollution, environmental protection

equal

equal access, equal opportunity, equal status, equal treatment, roughly equal, gender equality, greater equality, promote equality, racial equality, social equality, equally important, equally likely, equally true, equally valid, apply equally, treat equally, economic inequality, social inequality, unequal power

equilibrium

dynamic equilibrium

equivalent

roughly equivalent

error

common error, correct (an) error, random error, standard error

essay

critical essay

essential

essential component, essential element, essential feature, essential function, essential information, essential role

establish

establish (a) relationship, established order, established practice, established principle, (be) clearly established, (be) firmly established, (be) well established, become established, long established, newly established, once established

ethic

ethical consideration, ethical dilemma, ethical issue, ethical principle, ethical problem, ethical question

ethnic

ethnic community, ethnic differences, ethnic diversity, ethnic group, ethnic identity, ethnic minority, ethnic origin

evaluate

critically evaluate, critical evaluation

event

historical event

ever

ever changing, ever increasing

evident

ample evidence, anecdotal evidence, available evidence, clear evidence, compelling evidence, considerable evidence, convincing evidence, direct evidence, documentary evidence, empirical evidence, experimental evidence, find evidence, further evidence, give evidence, historical evidence, little evidence, present evidence, provide evidence, recent evidence, research evidence, scientific evidence, show evidence, strong evidence, substantial evidence, sufficient evidence, supporting evidence, (be) particularly evident, become evident, clearly evident

evolve

biological evolution, evolutionary process, evolutionary theory

examine

(upon, on) closer examination, critical examination, detailed examination, examine (the) role (of)

example

classic example, obvious example, prime example, provide (an) example, specific example, striking example, typical example

exception

notable exception, exceptional case, exceptional circumstances

exclude

social exclusion, mutually exclusive

exercise

exercise authority

exist

continued existence, existing data, existing research, existing structure

expand

expand rapidly, rapid expansion

expect

high expectations, meet expectations, social expectations

expend

government expenditure, public expenditure

experience

experience difficulties, experience problems, individual experience, personal experience, previous experience, prior experience, professional experience, shared experience, experiential learning

experiment

experimental conditions, experimental data, experimental design, experimental evidence, experimental method, experimental research, experimental results, experimental study, experimental work

expert

expert opinion, technical expertise

explain

alternative explanation, further explanation, give (an) explanation, plausible explanation, possible explanation, provide (an) explanation, explanatory power

explicit

make explicit, state explicitly

exploit

economic exploitation, sexual exploitation

explore

explore (an) issue, explore further

expression

facial expression

extend

extended period, extensive research, (be) extensively used, (to a) considerable extent

external

external environment, external factors, external forces, external influences, external source, external threat, external world

extract

extract data, extract information

extreme

extremely complex, extremely powerful, extremely sensitive, extremely useful, extremely valuable

face

face (a) challenge, face (a) dilemma, face (a) problem, face difficulties, face discrimination, facial expression

facilitate

facilitate (the) development (of)

fact

factual information

factor

critical factor, crucial factor, demographic factor, key factor, main factor, major factor, related factor, significant factor, specific factor, associated factors, contextual factors, cultural factors, economic factors, environmental factors, external factors, historical factors, identify factors, political factors, relevant factors, social factors

fair

fair treatment, fairly clear, fairly common, fairly obvious, fairly straightforward, unfair treatment

faith

religious faith

fall into

fall into (the) category (of)

family

nuclear family

far

(be) far removed (from)

feature

central feature, characteristic feature, common feature, defining feature, distinctive feature, distinguishing feature, essential feature, general feature, key feature, main feature, major feature, particular feature, positive feature, prominent feature, salient feature, significant feature, specific feature, striking feature, structural feature, identify features, physical features

federal

federal agency, federal government, federal state

feedback

give feedback, negative feedback, positive feedback, provide feedback, provide feedback, receive feedback

feminist

feminist movement

few

relatively few

field

field research

figure

significant figures

final

final analysis, final answer, final chapter, final decision, final outcome, final phase, final point, final position, final product, final result, final section, final stage, final step, final version

finance

financial affairs, financial assistance, financial institution, financial management, financial market, financial problem, financial resources, financial support

find

find evidence, find information, key findings, main findings, preliminary findings, report findings, research findings

finite

finite number, infinite number

firmly

(be) firmly established

first

first author, first contact, first draft, first encounter, first generation, first impression, first phase, first priority

flexible

greater flexibility, flexible approach

flow

information flow

focal

focal point

focus

focus attention (on), become (the) focus (of), central focus, clear focus, main focus, major focus, particular focus, primary focus, provide (a) focus, specific focus, focus on (an) aspect

follow

follow (a) format, follow (a) procedure, follow instructions, following chapter, immediately following

force

driving force, military force, powerful force, economic forces, external forces

foreign

foreign currency, foreign investment, foreign investor, foreign policy

form

alternative form, appropriate form, dominant form, modified form, specific form, traditional form, newly formed

formal

formal structure

format

follow (a) format, standard format, use (a) format

formula

general formula

found

(be) commonly found (in), (be) frequently found, (be) generally found

foundation

provide (a) foundation (for)

fraction

small fraction

framework

conceptual framework, institutional framework, legal framework, regulatory framework, theoretical framework

free

free access, free movement, religious freedom, freely available

frequency

high/er frequency, low/er frequency, (be) frequently cited, (be) frequently found, (be) frequently referred (to), (be) frequently used, occur frequently

fulfil

fulfil (an) obligation

full

(a, the) full range (of), full analysis, full employment, full information, full participation, full potential, fuller discussion, (be) fully developed, (be) fully informed, (be) fully integrated, (be) fully realized, fully aware, fully understand

function

basic function, essential function, main function, perform (a) function, primary function, serve (a) function, social function, specific function, functional requirement

fund

public funds

fundamental

fundamental aspect, fundamental assumption, fundamental change, fundamental component, fundamental difference, fundamental importance, fundamental principle, fundamental problem, fundamental question, fundamentally different

further

(be) further divided (into), further analysis, further consideration, further development, further evidence, further explanation, further information, further investigation, further research, further study, explore further

future

future development, future prospects, future research, future study

gain

gain access (to), gain information, gain insight (into)

gather

gather data, gather information, data gathering, information gathering

gender

gender equality, gender stereotype

general

general agreement, general approach, general argument, general aspect, general category, general conclusion, general consensus, general definition, general feature, general formula, general overview, general principle, general statement, general tendency, general theory, general trend, (be) generally accepted, (be) generally assumed, (be) generally considered, (be) generally found, (be) generally known (as, by), generally agree

generation

first generation, next generation, previous generation, younger generation

genetic

genetic variation

geography

geographic(al) area, geographic(al) distribution, geographic(al) location

get

get involved (with/in)

give

give (a) presentation, give (an) explanation, give (an) indication (of), give (an) overview (of), give (sb an) impression, give (sb) treatment, give access (to), give consent, give consideration, give emphasis, give evidence, give feedback, give priority (to), give guidance, give information, give insight (into), given information, given period

globe

global capitalism, global context, global culture, global economy, global issue, global market, global marketplace, global media, global network, global perspective, global shift, global structure, global trade, global village

goal

achieve (a) goal, common goal, economic goal, set (a) goal, ultimate goal

goods

imported goods

government

government control, government department, government expenditure, government intervention, government policy, central government, federal government, local government, municipal government, national government, representative government

graphical

graphical representation

great

(a) great proportion (of), (a) great range (of), great accuracy, great diversity, great impact, great majority, great potential, great significance, greater autonomy, greater awareness, greater emphasis, greater equality, greater flexibility, greater likelihood, (be) greatly influenced (by), (be) greatly reduced, greatly enhance, greatly increase, vary greatly

group

distinct group, diverse group, dominant group, ethnic group, homogeneous group, minority group, powerful group, racial group, religious group, vulnerable group

grow

grow rapidly, growing awareness, growing trend, rapidly growing, continued growth, economic growth, significant growth

guide

give guidance, provide guidance, guiding principle

hardly

hardly surprising

harm

potential harm

have

have (a) strategy, have (a) tendency (to), have (an) obligation, have access (to), have consequences, have limitations, have potential

health

mental health, physical health

heat

heated debate

heavy

(be) heavily influenced (by), rely heavily (on)

help

seek help

heritage

cultural heritage

hierarchy

hierarchical structure

high

(a) high proportion (of), high concentration, high correlation, high expectations, high incidence, high intensity, high level, high order, high percentage, high priority, high probability, high profile, high quality, high rate, high score, high standard, high status, high turnover, high unemployment, high value, relatively high, high/er frequency, (a) higher degree (of), higher education, significantly higher, slightly higher, (be) highly charged, (be) highly correlated (with), (be) highly developed, (be) highly educated, (be) highly structured, (be) highly valued, highly competitive, highly complex, highly controversial, highly critical, highly dependent, highly desirable, highly effective, highly efficient, highly influential, highly likely, highly problematic, highly relevant, highly selective, highly sensitive, highly significant, highly skilled, highly sophisticated, highly successful, highly unlikely, highly variable

history

historical account, historical analysis, historical background, historical change, historical circumstances, historical context, historical data, historical development, historical event, historical evidence, historical factors, historical interpretation, historical knowledge, historical period, historical perspective, historical reality, historical record, historical roots, historical study, historical writing, historically specific, brief history, cultural history, natural history, oral history

hold

hold (a) conference

holistic

holistic approach

homogeneous

homogeneous group

huge

(a) huge amount (of)

human

human activity, human behaviour, human interaction, human society, human species

ideally

(be) ideally suited

identical

almost identical

identify

(be) clearly identified, (be) easily identified, identify (a) problem, identify (a) way, identify (an) area, identify (an) issue, identify factors, identify features, multiple identities, collective identity, cultural identity, ethnic identity, national identity, political identity, religious identity, sexual identity, social identity

ideology

dominant ideology, political ideology

ignorant

(be) largely ignored

illness

mental illness

illustrate

provide (an) illustration

image

positive image, public image, visual image

immediate

immediate environment, immediately apparent, immediately following, immediately obvious, immediately preceding

impact

assess (the) impact (of), consider (the) impact (of), direct impact, emotional impact, enormous impact, environmental impact, great impact, likely impact, little impact, major impact, make (an) impact, negative impact, positive impact, potential impact, profound impact, significant impact

implement

effective implementation, successful implementation

imply

consider (the) implications, major implications, political implications, social implications, wider implications

import

imported goods, imported products

important

(be of) considerable importance, (be of) paramount importance, (be of) vital importance, central importance, critical importance, crucial importance, fundamental importance, increased importance, increasing importance, perceived importance, strategic importance, clearly important, equally important, increasingly important

impose

impose constraints, impose limitations, impose restrictions

impossible

virtually impossible

impression

create (an) impression, first impression, give (sb an) impression, make (an) impression

improve

improved performance, significant improvement

incidence

high incidence

income

disposable income, low income, middle income, national income, total income

increase

increase (the) likelihood, increase awareness, increase dramatically, dramatic increase, greatly increase, significant increase, significantly increase, increased awareness, increased competition, increased demand, increased importance, increased interest, increased level, increased number, increased pressure, increased production, increased productivity, increased risk, (a) increasing proportion (of), increasing awareness, increasing complexity, increasing demand, increasing emphasis, increasing importance, increasing interest, increasing pressure, increasing tendency, increasing trend, ever increasing, increasingly aware, increasingly common, increasingly complex, increasingly difficult, increasingly important, increasingly popular, increasingly sophisticated

independent

independent state, independent variable, become independent

indicate

clear indication, give (an) indication (of), provide (an) indication (of)

indigenous

indigenous people, indigenous population

individual

individual behaviour, individual case, individual characteristics, individual choice, individual component, individual differences, individual element, individual experience, individual interests, individual item, individual needs, individual response, individual responsibility, individual rights, individual variable, individual variation, particular individual, private individual, single individual, unique individual

industrial

industrial capitalism, industrial country, industrial development, industrial production, industrial society, industrialized country, industrialized nation

inextricably

(be) inextricably linked (to, with)

influence

considerable influence, cultural influence, major influence, positive influence, powerful influence, significant influence, (be) greatly influenced (by), (be) heavily influenced (by), (be) strongly influenced (by), external influences, highly influential, particularly influential

inform

informed consent, (be) fully informed

information

information flow, information gathering, information processing, information retrieval, information sharing, accurate information, add information, additional information, available information, basic information, carry information, collect information, contain information, convey information, detailed information, digital information, disclose information, essential information, extract information, factual information, find information, full information, further information, gain information, gather information, give information, given information, limited information, little information, necessary information, obtain information, personal information, process information, provide information, receive information, related information, relevant information, reliable information, seek information, share information, specific information, statistical information, store information, sufficient information, transmit information, useful information, valuable information

initial

initial period, initial phase, initial position, initial research, initial stage

initiate

new initiative, take initiative

innovate

technological innovation

inquire

critical inquiry

insight

gain insight (into), give insight (into), new insight, offer insight (into), provide insight (into)

inspect

(on/upon) closer inspection

institute

academic institution, cultural institution, democratic institution, educational institution, financial institution, national institution, political institution, public institution, social institution, institutional arrangement, institutional context, institutional framework, institutional structure, institutional support

instruct

follow instructions

integral

integral part

integrate

integrated approach, integrated system, (be) fully integrated, economic integration, social integration

intellectual

intellectual property, intellectual work

intelligent

artificial intelligence, emotional intelligence

intend

(be) originally intended, original intent, unintended consequences

intense

high intensity, low intensity, intensive study

interact

complex interaction, human interaction, significant interaction, social interaction

intercourse

sexual intercourse

interest

considerable interest, increased interest, increasing interest, national interest, personal interest, renewed interest, vested interest, interested party, conflicting interests, economic interests, individual interests

internal

internal affairs, internal conflict, internal control, internal market, internal organ, internal structure

international

international agreement, international body, international community, international conference, international context, international journal, international organization, international treaty

internet

internet access

interpersonal

interpersonal relationships, interpersonal skills

interpret

interpret data, correct interpretation, historical interpretation, literal interpretation, alternative interpretion

intervene

effective intervention, government intervention

interview

conduct (an) interview

intimate

intimate relationship, (be) intimately connected (to, with)

intrinsic

intrinsic value

introduce

introduce legislation, brief introduction, critical introduction, introductory chapter, introductory section, introductory text

invest

foreign investment, private investment, foreign investor

investigate

empirical investigation, further investigation, scientific investigation

involve

(be) actively involved, (be) directly involved (in), become involved (with/in), get involved (with/in), active involvement, direct involvement

isolate

social isolation

issue

address (an) issue, central issue, complex issue, consider (an) issue, contemporary issue, controversial issue, core issue, critical issue, cultural issue, current issue, deal (with an) issue, discuss (an) issue, ethical issue, explore (an) issue, global issue, identify (an) issue, key issue, legal issue, main issue, major issue, methodological issue, practical issue, raise (an) issue, real issue, related issue, relevant issue, similar issue, single issue, special issue, specific issue, technical issue, theoretical issue, wider issue, environmental issues

item

individual item

journal

academic journal, international journal, online journal, publish (a) journal, scholarly journal

judgement

make(a) judgement

keenly

keenly aware

key

key area, key aspect, key characteristic, key component, key concept, key element, key factor, key feature, key findings, key issue, key objective, key player, key policy, key principle, key role, key source, key text, key theme, key topic

know

(be) commonly known (as), (be) generally known (as, by), (be) widely known, previously known

knowledge

acquire knowledge, background knowledge, historical knowledge, personal knowledge, previous knowledge, prior knowledge, professional knowledge, require knowledge, specific knowledge, tacit knowledge, technical knowledge

language

appropriate language, national language, natural language, verbal language

large

(a) large proportion (of), (a) large range (of), large majority, large percentage, large portion, large quantities (of), (be) largely based (on), (be) largely confined (to), (be) largely determined (by), (be) largely ignored, (be) largely responsible (for)

later

later work, later writings

law

natural law

lead

lead to (the) conclusion, opinion leader, party leader, political leader, leading role

learn

learning activity, learning difficulties, learning environment, learning objective, learning outcome, learning process, learning resources, learning strategy, collaborative learning, enhance learning, experiential learning, lifelong learning

legal

legal action, legal basis, legal framework, legal issue, legal obligation, legal position, legal proceedings, legal protection, legal requirement, legal right, legal rule, legal status, legal system

legislate

introduce legislation, national legislation, proposed legislation, legislative measures, legislative power

level

(at/on a) deeper level, appropriate level, high level, increased level, low level, minimum level, overall level, stress level

liberal

liberal democracy

life

academic life, contemporary life, cultural life, lifelong learning

likely

greater likelihood, increase (the) likelihood, reduce (the) likelihood, likely impact, likely outcome, equally likely, highly likely, highly unlikely, seem unlikely

limit

have limitations, impose limitations, (a) limited range (of), limited access, limited capacity, limited information, limited opportunity, limited resources, unlimited access

line

dividing line, draw (a) line, linear relationship

link

causal link, direct link, strong link, (be) closely linked (to, with), (be) directly linked (to), (be) directly linked (to, with), (be) inextricably linked (to, with), (be) strongly linked

literal

(in a) literal sense, literal interpretation, literal meaning

literary

literary text, literary tradition

literature

published literature, relevant literature, scholarly literature

little

little evidence, little impact, little information, little research, little significance, relatively little

living

living conditions, living organism, living standard, daily living, make (a) living

local

local area, local authority, local circumstances, local community, local culture, local economy, local government

locate

geographic(al) location

logic

logical approach, logical argument, logical conclusion

long

long duration, long established

longitudinal

longitudinal study

look

closer look

low

low/er frequency, low income, low intensity, low level, low percentage, low priority, low probability, low profile, low quality, low status, low turnover, low unemployment, relatively low, lower class

main

main area, main argument, main category, main characteristics, main component, main element, main factor, main feature, main findings, main focus, main function, main issue, main principle, main source, main task, main theme, (be) mainly concerned (with)

maintain

maintain contact

major

major advantage, major area, major cause, major challenge, major change, major component, major concern, major contribution, major decision, major difference, major factor, major feature, major focus, major impact, major implications, major influence, major issue, major part, major problem, major reason, major role, major shift, major source, major theme, great majority, large majority, overwhelming majority, simple majority, vast majority

make

make (a) comment, make (a) contribution, make (a) distinction, make (a) living, make (a) prediction, make (a) recommendation, make (a) statement, make (a) transition, make (an) argument, make (an) assessment, make (an) assumption, make (an) impact, make (an) impression, make (an) observation, make adjustments, make arrangements, make available, make aware, make contact, make explicit, make policy, make provision, make visible, make(a) judgement

male

male dominance

manage

effective management, financial management, middle management, senior management, strategic management, top management

manual

manual worker

manufacture

manufacturing sector

marked

marked contrast, (be) markedly different

market

competitive market, domestic market, financial market, global market, internal market, national market, global marketplace

material

provide material, published material, relevant material, source material, useful material

maximise

maximum duration

mean

mean score

meaning

convey meaning, literal meaning, original meaning, particular meaning, shared meaning, specific meaning, (in a) meaningful way

means

alternative means, useful means

measure

accurate measurement, legislative measures

media

media coverage, digital media, electronic media, global media, national media, popular media, visual media

medical

medical assistance, medical treatment

meet

meet (a) target, meet (a) requirement, meet (an) objective, meet criteria, meet expectations, annual meeting

member

prominent member

memory

collective memory

mental

mental health, mental illness, mental state

mention

previously mentioned

merit

relative merits

message

convey (a) message

method

alternative method, apply (a) method, common method, describe (a) method, develop (a) method, effective method, employ (a) method, experimental method, modern method, qualitative method, quantitative method, scientific method, standard method, statistical method, traditional method, use (a) method, methodological approach, methodological issue, methodological problem, research methodology, use (a) methodology

metropolitan

metropolitan area

middle

middle income, middle management

migrate

migrant worker

military

military action, military force, military power, military service

minimum

minimum level, minimum requirement, minimum standard, minimum value, minimum wage

minor

minor change, minor role, relatively minor, minority group, ethnic minority, small minority

missing

missing data

mobility

social mobility, political mobilization

model

alternative model, original model, theoretical model

modern

modern culture, modern method, modern society, modern technology

modify

modified form, modified version

moral

moral dilemma, moral philosophy, moral principle

motive

(be) politically motivated

movement

feminist movement, free movement, national movement, political movement, religious movement, social movement

multiple

multiple identities, multiple sources

municipal

municipal government

mutual

mutual recognition, mutual support, mutual trust, mutual understanding, mutually exclusive

narrow

(a) narrow range (of), narrow definition

nation

industrialized nation, national average, national boundary, national conference, national culture, national economy, national government, national identity, national income, national institution, national interest, national language, national legislation, national market, national media, national movement, national policy, national press, national security, national survey

native

native speaker

nature

natural conditions, natural disaster, natural environment, natural history, natural language, natural law, natural order, natural philosophy, natural process, natural resources, natural right, natural science, natural tendency, natural world, naturally occurring, occur naturally, changing nature, dynamic nature, precise nature

necessary

necessary information, deem necessary

need

perceived need, changing needs, individual needs, physical needs, specific needs

negate

negative aspect, negative attitude, negative connotation, negative consequences, negative correlation, negative effect, negative feedback, negative impact, negative outcome, negative side, negative stereotype, negative value, negative view, (be) negatively correlated (with)

network

global network

new

new initiative, new insight, new perspective, entirely new, newly acquired, newly created, newly discovered, newly emerging, newly established, newly formed

next

next decade, next generation, next phase

norm

cultural norm, social norm

normal

normal conditions, normal development, normal distribution, normal practice

notable

notable exception

nuclear

nuclear energy, nuclear family, nuclear power, nuclear war, nuclear weapon

number

finite number, increased number, infinite number, significant number, substantial number, vast number, numerical data, numerical value, numerous studies

objective

objective criteria, objective reality, achieve (an) objective, key objective, learning objective, meet (an) objective, primary objective, set (an) objective, strategic objective, scientific objectivity

obligation

fulfil (an) obligation, have (an) obligation, legal obligation

observation

direct observation, make (an) observation

obtain

obtain (a) result, obtain data, obtain information

obvious

obvious difference, obvious example, obvious point, obvious reason, become obvious, fairly obvious, immediately obvious, seem obvious

occur

occur frequently, occur naturally, naturally occurring

offence

commit (an) offence, criminal offence, serious offence

offer

offer (an) opportunity, offer insight (into)

official

official statistics

once

once established

ongoing

ongoing debate, ongoing process

online

online access, online database, online journal, online version

open

open access, opening chapter, opening section

opinion

opinion leader, expert opinion

opportunity

create opportunities, employment opportunities, career opportunity, create (an) opportunity, educational opportunity, equal opportunity, limited opportunity, offer (an) opportunity, provide (an) opportunity, unique opportunity

oppose

(be) strongly opposed, binary opposition

optimal

optimal solution

oral

oral history, oral presentation

order

established order, high order, natural order

organ

internal organ

organise

organising principle, international organization, political organization, social organization, organizational structure

organism

living organism

orient

sexual orientation

origin

ethnic origin, original author, original context, original data, original intent, original meaning, original model, original position, original research, original source, original text, original version, original work, (be) originally developed, (be) originally intended

outcome

achieve (an) outcome, affect (the) outcome, desired outcome, final outcome, learning outcome, likely outcome, negative outcome, positive outcome, possible outcome

overall

overall aim, overall effect, overall level, overall performance, overall picture, overall rate, overall structure

overview

brief overview, comprehensive overview, general overview, give (an) overview (of), provide (an) overview (of)

overwhelming

overwhelming majority

paid

paid employment

panel

solar panel

paradigm

dominant paradigm

paragraph

previous paragraph

parameter

set (the) parameters

paramount

(be of) paramount importance

part

central part, crucial part, integral part, major part, previous part, significant part, substantial part, vital part, (be) partly responsible (for), constituent parts

participate

active participant, active participation, effective participation, full participation, political participation

particular

particular area, particular aspect, particular emphasis, particular feature, particular focus, particular individual, particular meaning, (be) particularly concerned (with), (be) particularly evident, (be) particularly suited (to), particularly acute, particularly apparent, particularly appropriate, particularly effective, particularly influential, particularly relevant, particularly sensitive, particularly significant, particularly striking, particularly successful, particularly useful, particularly valuable

party

party leader, interested party, political party, ruling party, third party

past

past research

pattern

changing pattern, complex pattern, consistent pattern, similar pattern

peace

peace treaty

peak

reach (a) peak

people

indigenous people

perceive

perceived importance, perceived need, perceived threat, public perception, visual perception

percent

high percentage, large percentage, low percentage, small percentage

perform

perform (a) function, perform (a) study, perform (a) task, academic performance, enhance performance, improved performance, overall performance, superior performance

period

brief period, earlier period, entire period, extended period, given period, historical period, initial period, short period, whole period

personal

personal choice, personal circumstances, personal communication, personal contact, personal control, personal experience, personal information, personal interest, personal knowledge, personal quality, personal relationship, personal responsibility, personal safety, personal space

perspective

critical perspective, cultural perspective, global perspective, historical perspective, new perspective, theoretical perspective

phase

final phase, first phase, initial phase, next phase

phenomenon

cultural phenomenon, social phenomenon

philosophy

moral philosophy, natural philosophy, political philosophy

physical

physical activity, physical appearance, physical characteristics, physical contact, physical development, physical environment, physical features, physical health, physical needs, physical presence, physical properties, physical proximity, physical science, physical space, physical symptom, physical world

picture

accurate picture, overall picture

pilot

pilot study

pioneering

pioneering work

pivotal

pivotal role

place

place emphasis

planning

planning stage, strategic planning

plausible

plausible explanation, seem plausible

play

play (a) role (in), key player

point

appropriate point, central point, critical point, crucial point, final point, focal point, obvious point

policy

current policy, economic policy, educational policy, effective policy, environmental policy, foreign policy, government policy, key policy, make policy, national policy, public policy, security policy, social policy

political

political activism, political activity, political agenda, political arena, political authority, political circumstances, political climate, political conflict, political consciousness, political consensus, political consequences, political consideration, political context, political culture, political debate, political dimension, political economy, political environment, political factors, political identity, political ideology, political implications, political instability, political institution, political leader, political mobilization, political movement, political organization, political participation, political party, political philosophy, political reality, political reform, political representation, political significance, political spectrum, political stability, political status, political structure, (be) politically motivated, politically correct

pollution

environmental pollution

poorly

(be) poorly understood

popular

popular culture, popular media, increasingly popular

population

(be) densely populated, (be) sparsely populated, indigenous population, rural population

portion

large portion, significant portion, small portion

pose

pose (a) challenge, pose (a) problem, pose (a) question, pose (a) threat (to)

position

central position, dominant position, final position, initial position, legal position, original position, privileged position, unique position

positive

positive action, positive aspect, positive attitude, positive connotation, positive correlation, positive discrimination, positive effect, positive feature, positive feedback, positive image, positive impact, positive influence, positive outcome, positive relationship, positive result, positive value, positive view, (be) positively associated (with), (be) positively correlated (with)

possible

consider (a) possibility, possible consequences, possible explanation, possible outcome, possible source

potential

potential benefits, potential conflict, potential customer, potential harm, potential impact, potential problem, potential risk, potential source, potential value, full potential, great potential, have potential, potentially dangerous

power

economic power, explanatory power, legislative power, military power, nuclear power, predictive power, purchasing power, solar power, unequal power, powerful force, powerful group, powerful influence, powerful tool, extremely powerful

practical

practical consideration, practical difficulties, practical issue, practical significance

practice

cultural practice, established practice, normal practice, professional practice, reflective practice, religious practice, traditional practice, administrative practices

precede

take precedence (over), preceding chapter, preceding discussion, preceding section, immediately preceding

precise

precise definition, precise nature

predict

make (a) prediction

predictive

predictive power

preferential

preferential treatment

preliminary

preliminary data, preliminary findings, preliminary result

premature

premature death

premise

basic premise

present

physical presence, present (a) challenge, present (a) summary, present (an) argument, present context, present data, present difficulties, present evidence

presentation

give (a) presentation, oral presentation

presidential

presidential election

press

national press

pressure

competitive pressure, increased pressure, increasing pressure

previous

previous chapter, previous decade, previous discussion, previous experience, previous generation, previous knowledge, previous paragraph, previous part, previous research, previous section, previous study, previous work, previously described, previously discussed, previously known, previously mentioned, previously thought

primary

(be) primarily concerned (with), (be) primarily responsible (for), primary aim, primary care, primary concern, primary data, primary education, primary focus, primary function, primary objective, primary purpose, primary reason, primary research, primary responsibility, primary source, primary task

prime

prime example, prime time

principal

principal source

principle

basic principle, established principle, ethical principle, fundamental principle, general principle, guiding principle, key principle, main principle, moral principle, organising principle, underlying principle

prior

prior experience, prior knowledge

priority

first priority, give priority (to), high priority, low priority

private

private individual, private investment, private sector, private sphere

privileged

privileged position

probability

conditional probability, high probability, low probability

problem

problem area, additional problem, central problem, complex problem, ethical problem, face (a) problem, financial problem, fundamental problem, identify (a) problem, major problem, methodological problem, pose (a) problem, potential problem, related problem, specific problem, technical problem, highly problematic, create problems, encounter problems, experience problems

proceed

adopt (a) procedure, describe (a) procedure, follow (a) procedure, use (a) procedure, legal proceedings

process

process data, process information, assessment process, begin (a) process, complex process, continuous process, creative process, democratic process, describe (a) process, developmental process, due process, dynamic process, evolutionary process, learning process, natural process, ongoing process, slow process, start (a) process, thinking process, thought process, underlying process, information processing

product

final product, increased production, industrial production, increased productivity, imported products

professional

professional activity, professional body, professional colleague, professional development, professional experience, professional knowledge, professional practice, professional qualification, professional staff, professional standard, professional status, professional support, professional training, professional work

profile

high profile, low profile

profound

profound effect, profound impact

programme

educational programme

progress

technological progress

prominent

prominent feature, prominent member, prominent role

promote

promote (the) development (of), promote equality

properly

(be) properly understood

property

physical properties, similar properties, structural properties, intellectual property

proportion

(a) great proportion (of), (a) high proportion (of), (a) increasing proportion (of), (a) large proportion (of), (a) significant proportion (of), (a) small proportion (of), (be) directly proportional (to)

propose

proposed legislation

prospect

future prospects

prosperity

economic prosperity

protection

environmental protection, legal protection

prove

prove successful, prove useful

provide

provide (a) benefit, provide (a) clue, provide (a) focus, provide (a) foundation (for), provide (a) service, provide (a) source, provide (a) summary, provide (an) alternative, provide (an) example, provide (an) explanation, provide (an) illustration, provide (an) indication (of), provide (an) opportunity, provide (an) overview (of), provide access (to), provide assistance, provide care, provide context, provide coverage, provide data, provide evidence, provide feedback, provide guidance, provide information, provide material, provide resources, provide support, provide feedback, provide insight (into), educational provision, make provision

proximity

close proximity, physical proximity

public

public access, public administration, public attitudes, public authority, public awareness, public debate, public discourse, public display, public domain, public expenditure, public funds, public image, public institution, public perception, public policy, public sector, public sphere, public transport, public welfare, wider public, publicly available

publish

publish (a) journal, publish (a) report, publish (an) article, publish research, published literature, published material, published research, published work

purchase

purchasing power

purpose

primary purpose, specific purpose

purposes

(for) research purposes

qualification

educational qualification, professional qualification

qualitative

qualitative analysis, qualitative approach, qualitative data, qualitative method, qualitative research, qualitative study, qualitatively different

quality

high quality, low quality, personal quality

quantity

quantitative analysis, quantitative approach, quantitative data, quantitative method, quantitative research, quantitative result, quantitative study, large quantities (of), small quantities (of), vast quantities (of)

question

central question, complex question, crucial question, ethical question, fundamental question, pose (a) question, raise (a) question, reflective question, related question, specific question

racial

racial differences, racial discrimination, racial equality, racial group, racial stereotype

radical

radical change, radical critique, radical differences, radical transformation, radically different

raise

raise (a) question, raise (an) issue, raise awareness

random

random error, random sample, random variable, (be) randomly assigned (to), (be) randomly chosen, (be) randomly selected

range

(a) broad range (of), (a) diverse range (of), (a) great range (of), (a) large range (of), (a) limited range (of), (a) narrow range (of), (a) vast range (of), (a) whole range (of), (a) wide range (of), (a, the) full range (of), (the) entire range (of), cover (a) range (of)

rapid

rapid expansion, rapidly changing, rapidly growing, change rapidly, expand rapidly, grow rapidly

rare

relatively rare

rate

annual rate, constant rate, high rate, overall rate

raw

raw data

reach

reach (a) consensus, reach (a) peak, reach (an) agreement

react

adverse reaction, chemical reaction, emotional reaction, strong reaction

read

widely read

ready

(be) readily understood, readily accessible, readily available, ready access

real

real issue, historical reality, objective reality, political reality

realize

(be) fully realized

reason

compelling reason, major reason, obvious reason, primary reason, underlying reason

receive

receive feedback, receive information, receive treatment, well received

recent

recent decades, recent evidence, recent research, recent study, recent survey, relatively recent

reciprocal

reciprocal relationship

recognize

mutual recognition, (be) widely recognized

recommend

make (a) recommendation

record

record data, accurate record, historical record

recurrent

recurrent theme

reduce

reduce (the) likelihood, reduce emissions, reduce stress, (be) greatly reduced, (be) significantly reduced, significant reduction

refer

specific reference, (be) commonly referred (to) (as), (be) frequently referred (to)

reflect

critical reflection, reflective practice, reflective question

reform

economic reform, political reform, social reform, welfare reform

regarded

(be) widely regarded (as)

region

regional development, regional differences, regional variation

regulate

regulatory agency, regulatory framework

relate

related activity, related area, related aspect, related factor, related information, related issue, related problem, related question, related topic, (be) clearly related (to), (be) closely related (to), (be) directly related (to), (be) strongly related (to), causal relation, economic relations, causal relationship, clear relationship, close relationship, complex relationship, direct relationship, establish (a) relationship, intimate relationship, linear relationship, personal relationship, positive relationship, reciprocal relationship, significant relationship, social relationship, special relationship, strong relationship, symbiotic relationship, economic relationships, interpersonal relationships, relative autonomy, relative merits, relative status, relatively common, relatively constant, relatively few, relatively high, relatively little, relatively low, relatively minor, relatively rare, relatively recent, relatively simple, relatively stable, relatively straightforward

relevant

relevant data, relevant factors, relevant information, relevant issue, relevant literature, relevant material, consider relevant, highly relevant, particularly relevant

religious

religious belief, religious faith, religious freedom, religious group, religious identity, religious movement, religious practice

rely

reliable data, reliable information, rely heavily (on)

remain

remain constant, remain stable, remain unchanged, remain unclear

remark

remarkably similar, concluding remarks

remove

(be) far removed (from)

renew

renewable energy, renewed interest

report

report data, report findings, annual report, publish (a) report

representation

graphical representation, political representation, schematic representation, visual representation

representative

representative government

require

require consideration, require knowledge, require resources, functional requirement, legal requirement, meet (a) requirement, minimum requirement

research

(for) research purposes, research effort, research evidence, research findings, research methodology, research topic, academic research, basic research, carry out research (of), comparative research, conduct research, considerable research, current research, earlier research, educational research, empirical research, existing research, experimental research, extensive research, field research, further research, future research, initial research, little research, original research, past research, previous research, primary research, publish research, published research, qualitative research, quantitative research, recent research, scholarly research, scientific research, traditional research, undertake research

resemble

bear resemblance (to), closely resemble

resolve

conflict resolution, resolve (a) conflict, resolve (a) dispute

resource

additional resources, allocate resources, available resources, economic resources, electronic resources, financial resources, learning resources, limited resources, natural resources, provide resources, require resources, scarce resources, sufficient resources, use resources, valuable resources

respond

respond appropriately, appropriate response, emotional response, individual response

responsible

accept responsibility, assume responsibility, individual responsibility, personal responsibility, primary responsibility, social responsibility, take responsibility, (be) directly responsible (for), (be) largely responsible (for), (be) partly responsible (for), (be) primarily responsible (for), socially responsible

restrict

impose restrictions

result

final result, obtain (a) result, positive result, preliminary result, quantitative result, similar result, consistent results, experimental results

retrieval

information retrieval

review

review (a) study, annual review, brief review, comprehensive review, critical review

revise

revised edition, revised version

rich

rich source

right

legal right, natural right, individual rights

rising

rising cost

risk

risk assessment, increased risk, potential risk

role

active role, assume (the) role (of), central role, consider (the) role (of), critical role, crucial role, direct role, dominant role, essential role, examine (the) role (of), key role, leading role, major role, minor role, pivotal role, play (a) role (in), prominent role, significant role, take (a) role (in), take on (the) role (of, as), take up (the) role (of, as), vital role

root

(be) deeply rooted, historical roots

roughly

roughly equal, roughly equivalent

rule

legal rule, ruling class, ruling party

rural

rural area, rural community, rural economy, rural population, rural society

safe

safe sex, personal safety

salient

salient characteristic, salient feature

sample

random sample

scarce

scarce resources

scheme

schematic representation

scholarly

scholarly journal, scholarly literature, scholarly research, scholarly work

science

biological science, natural science, physical science, scientific community, scientific discourse, scientific evidence, scientific investigation, scientific method, scientific objectivity, scientific research, scientific theory

score

average score, high score, mean score, test score

scrutiny

close scrutiny, critical scrutiny

secondary

secondary data, secondary education, secondary source

section

concluding section, final section, introductory section, opening section, preceding section, previous section

sector

business sector, economic sector, manufacturing sector, private sector, public sector, service sector, state sector

secure

security policy, national security

seek

seek help, seek information

seem

seem appropriate, seem obvious, seem plausible, seem unlikely

select

(be) carefully selected, (be) randomly selected, highly selective

seminal

seminal study, seminal work

senior

senior management

sense

(in a) literal sense, specific sense, extremely sensitive, highly sensitive, particularly sensitive

separate

separate entity

serious

serious challenge, serious consequences, serious offence

serve

serve (a) function

service

service sector, military service, provide (a) service

set

set (a) goal, set (a) target, set (an) objective, set (the) agenda, set (the) parameters, complex set, data set

setting

educational setting, social setting

severely

severely affect

sex

biological sex, safe sex, sexual abuse, sexual act, sexual behaviour, sexual contact, sexual difference, sexual exploitation, sexual identity, sexual intercourse, sexual orientation, sexual violence

share

share information, shared experience, shared meaning, shared values, widely shared, information sharing

sharp

sharp contrast, sharp distinction

shift

global shift, major shift, significant shift, shift emphasis

short

short duration, short period

show

show (a) tendency, show (a) trend, show evidence, show variation

side

negative side

sign

sign (a) treaty

significant

cultural significance, great significance, little significance, political significance, practical significance, social significance, statistical significance, (a) significant amount (of), (a) significant degree (of), (a) significant proportion (of), significant change, significant contribution, significant correlation, significant correlation, significant development, significant difference, significant effect, significant factor, significant feature, significant figures, significant growth, significant impact, significant improvement, significant increase, significant influence, significant interaction, significant number, significant part, significant portion, significant reduction, significant relationship, significant role, significant shift, significant variation, highly significant, particularly significant, statistically significant, (be) significantly correlated (with), (be) significantly reduced, significantly affect, significantly higher, significantly increase, contribute significantly, differ significantly, vary significantly

similar

similar approach, similar argument, similar characteristics, similar effect, similar issue, similar pattern, similar properties, similar result, similar situation, broadly similar, remarkably similar

simple

simple majority, relatively simple, simplified version

single

single currency, single element, single entity, single individual, single issue, single source, single variable

situation

complex situation, similar situation

skill

technical skill, transferable skill, skilled worker, highly skilled, academic skills, appropriate skills, cognitive skills, core skills, interpersonal skills, unskilled worker

slightly

slightly different, slightly higher

slow

slow process

small

(a) small proportion (of), small fraction, small minority, small percentage, small portion, small quantities (of)

social

social activity, social aspect, social attitudes, social background, social behaviour, social circumstances, social conflict, social consequences, social construct, social contact, social context, social democracy, social dimension, social environment, social equality, social exclusion, social expectations, social factors, social function, social identity, social implications, social inequality, social institution, social integration, social interaction, social isolation, social mobility, social movement, social norm, social organization, social phenomenon, social policy, social reform, social relationship, social responsibility, social setting, social significance, social status, social structure, social theory, social transformation, social trend, social welfare, (be) socially constructed, socially acceptable, socially desirable, socially responsible, capitalist society, civil society, contemporary society, democratic society, human society, industrial society, modern society, rural society, traditional society, western society, wider society, socioeconomic status

solar

solar energy, solar panel, solar power, solar system

solution

alternative solution, optimal solution

sophisticated

highly sophisticated, increasingly sophisticated

source

source material, alternative source, become (a) source (of), common source, external source, key source, main source, major source, original source, possible source, potential source, primary source, principal source, provide (a) source, rich source, secondary source, single source, use (a) source, useful source, multiple sources

sovereign

sovereign state

space

personal space, physical space

sparingly

use sparingly

sparsely

(be) sparsely populated

speaker

native speaker

special

special circumstances, special emphasis, special issue, special relationship, special status

species

human species

specific

specific area, specific aspect, specific case, specific characteristic, specific context, specific example, specific factor, specific feature, specific focus, specific form, specific function, specific information, specific issue, specific knowledge, specific meaning, specific needs, specific problem, specific purpose, specific question, specific reference, specific sense, specific type, culturally specific, historically specific, (be) specifically designed (to, for)

spectrum

broad spectrum, political spectrum

sphere

domestic sphere, private sphere, public sphere

stable

political instability, economic stability, political stability, relatively stable, remain stable

staff

professional staff

stage

developmental stage, earlier stage, final stage, initial stage, planning stage

standard

standard approach, standard error, standard format, standard method, high standard, living standard, minimum standard, professional standard

stark

stark contrast

start

start (a) process

state

state explicitly, state sector, democratic state, federal state, independent state, mental state, sovereign state, clear statement, general statement, make (a) statement, written statement

statistic

statistical analysis, statistical data, statistical information, statistical method, statistical significance, statistical technique, statistical test, statistically significant, descriptive statistics, official statistics, use statistics

status

current status, economic status, equal status, high status, legal status, low status, political status, professional status, relative status, social status, socioeconomic status, special status

step

final step

stereotype

gender stereotype, negative stereotype, racial stereotype

store

store data, store information

straightforward

fairly straightforward, relatively straightforward

strategy

strategic decision, strategic importance, strategic management, strategic objective, strategic planning, alternative strategy, coping strategy, develop (a) strategy, have (a) strategy, learning strategy, teaching strategy, use (a) strategy

stress

stress level, cause stress, reduce stress

striking

striking contrast, striking example, striking feature, particularly striking

strong

strong bond, strong correlation, strong emphasis, strong evidence, strong link, strong reaction, strong relationship, strong tendency, (be) strongly associated (with), (be) strongly correlated (with), (be) strongly influenced (by), (be) strongly linked, (be) strongly opposed, (be) strongly related (to), strongly agree, strongly disagree, strongly suggest

structure

structural adjustment, structural change, structural element, structural feature, structural properties, basic structure, clear structure, complex structure, economic structure, existing structure, formal structure, global structure, hierarchical structure, institutional structure, internal structure, organizational structure, overall structure, political structure, social structure, underlying structure, (be) highly structured

study

numerous studies, academic study, classic study, comparative study, conduct (a) study, detailed study, earlier study, early study, empirical study, experimental study, further study, future study, historical study, intensive study, longitudinal study, perform (a) study, pilot study, previous study, qualitative study, quantitative study, recent study, review (a) study, seminal study, subsequent study, systematic study, theoretical study

subject

subject area

subsequent

subsequent analysis, subsequent chapter, subsequent development, subsequent study, subsequent work

substantial

(a) substantial amount (of), substantial difference, substantial evidence, substantial number, substantial part, substantially different

success

academic success, economic success, successful implementation, highly successful, particularly successful, prove successful

sufficient

sufficient condition, sufficient detail, sufficient evidence, sufficient information, sufficient resources

suggest

strongly suggest

suited

(be) ideally suited, (be) particularly suited (to)

summary

brief summary, present (a) summary, provide (a) summary, useful summary

superior

superior performance

support

support (an) argument, additional support, considerable support, emotional support, empirical support, financial support, institutional support, mutual support, professional support, provide support, technical support, widespread support, supporting evidence

surprising

hardly surprising

survey

survey data, conduct (a) survey, national survey, recent survey

symbiotic

symbiotic relationship

symptom

physical symptom

system

binary system, capitalist system, complex system, comprehensive system, dynamic system, economic system, educational system, integrated system, legal system, solar system, transport system

systematic

systematic analysis, systematic approach, systematic study

tacit

tacit knowledge

take

take (a) role (in), take (an) approach, take initiative, take precedence (over), take responsibility, take into consideration, take on (the) role (of, as), take up (the) role (of, as)

target

target audience, meet (a) target, set (a) target

task

carry out (the) task, complete (a) task, main task, perform (a) task, primary task

teach

teaching strategy

technical

technical aspect, technical assistance, technical detail, technical expertise, technical issue, technical knowledge, technical problem, technical skill, technical support, technical term

technique

basic technique, develop (a) technique, employ (a) technique, statistical technique, use (a) technique

technology

technological advances, technological change, technological development, technological innovation, technological progress, advanced technology, current technology, digital technology, modern technology

tendency

general tendency, have (a) tendency (to), increasing tendency, natural tendency, show (a) tendency, strong tendency

tenet

central tenet

term

technical term

test

test (a) theory, test score, diagnostic test, statistical test

text

classic text, introductory text, key text, literary text, original text, textual analysis

theme

thematic analysis, central theme, common theme, key theme, main theme, major theme, recurrent theme

theory

theoretical analysis, theoretical approach, theoretical basis, theoretical concept, theoretical debate, theoretical framework, theoretical issue, theoretical model, theoretical perspective, theoretical study, theoretical understanding, theoretical work, apply (the) theory, classical theory, critical theory, cultural theory, develop (a) theory, economic theory, evolutionary theory, general theory, scientific theory, social theory, test (a) theory, use (a) theory

think

think differently, thinking process, creative thinking, critical thinking

third

third party

thought

thought process, careful thought, previously thought

threat

external threat, perceived threat, pose (a) threat (to)

tied

(be) closely tied

tightly

(be) tightly controlled

time

brief time, prime time

times

earlier times

tool

analytical tool, powerful tool, useful tool

top

top management

topic

cover (a) topic, discuss (a) topic, key topic, related topic, research topic

total

total income, totally different

trade

global trade

tradition

cultural tradition, literary tradition, western tradition, traditional approach, traditional culture, traditional form, traditional method, traditional practice, traditional research, traditional society, traditional value, traditional view

training

professional training

transaction

business transaction, commercial transaction

transfer

transferable skill

transform

radical transformation, social transformation, undergo transformation

transit

make (a) transition

transmit

transmit data, transmit information

transport

transport system, public transport

treat

treat differently, treat equally, appropriate treatment, effective treatment, equal treatment, fair treatment, give (sb) treatment, medical treatment, preferential treatment, receive treatment, unfair treatment

treaty

international treaty, peace treaty, sign (a) treaty

trend

current trend, general trend, growing trend, increasing trend, show (a) trend, social trend

true

equally true

trust

mutual trust

turnover

high turnover, low turnover

type

distinct type, specific type

typical

typical example

ultimate

ultimate goal

undergo

undergo transformation

underlie

underlying assumption, underlying cause, underlying principle, underlying process, underlying reason, underlying structure

understand

clearly understand, fully understand, (a) deep understanding (of), mutual understanding, theoretical understanding, (be) easily understood, (be) poorly understood, (be) properly understood, (be) readily understood

undertake

undertake (an) activity, undertake research, undertake work

unique

unique individual, unique opportunity, unique position

universally

(be) universally accepted

urban

urban area, urban centre, urban design, urban development, urban environment

usage

common usage

use

use (a) format, use (a) method, use (a) methodology, use (a) procedure, use (a) source, use (a) strategy, use (a) technique, use (a) theory, use (an) approach, use (the) analysis, use (the) concept concept, use (the) data data, use (the) definition, use criteria, use effectively, use resources, use sparingly, use statistics, continued use, widespread use, (be) commonly used, (be) extensively used, (be) frequently used, (be) widely used, useful information, useful material, useful means, useful source, useful summary, useful tool, extremely useful, particularly useful, prove useful

valid

valid argument, equally valid

value

valuable information, valuable resources, extremely valuable, particularly valuable, core value, economic value, high value, intrinsic value, minimum value, negative value, numerical value, positive value, potential value, traditional value, (be) highly valued, cultural values, shared values

various

various aspects

vary

dependent variable, highly variable, independent variable, individual variable, random variable, single variable, considerable variation, genetic variation, individual variation, regional variation, show variation, significant variation, wide variation, vary considerably, vary greatly, vary significantly, vary widely, varying degree

vast

(a) vast amount (of), (a) vast array (of), (a) vast range (of), vast area, vast majority, vast number, vast quantities (of)

verbal

verbal communication, verbal language

version

earlier version, electronic version, final version, modified version, online version, original version, revised version, simplified version

vested

vested interest

view

alternative view, conventional view, negative view, positive view, traditional view

village

global village

violence

domestic violence, sexual violence

virtual

virtual community, virtually impossible

visible

become visible, clearly visible, make visible

visual

visual image, visual media, visual perception, visual representation

vital

(be of) vital importance, vital part, vital role

vulnerable

vulnerable group

wage

minimum wage

war

nuclear war

way

(in a) meaningful way, alternative way, appropriate way, identify (a) way

weapon

nuclear weapon

welfare

welfare reform, economic welfare, public welfare, social welfare

well

(be) well documented, (be) well established, well aware, well designed, well educated, well received

western

western democracy, western society, western tradition

whole

(a) whole range (of), whole area, whole period

wide

(a) wide array (of), (a) wide range (of), wide area, wide variation, (be) widely accepted, (be) widely adopted, (be) widely believed, (be) widely discussed, (be) widely dispersed, (be) widely distributed, (be) widely known, (be) widely recognized, (be) widely regarded (as), (be) widely used, widely available, widely different, widely read, widely shared, differ widely, vary widely, wider audience, wider community, wider context, wider implications, wider issue, wider public, wider society

widespread

widespread acceptance, widespread belief, widespread support, widespread use, become widespread

wisdom

conventional wisdom

work

work effectively, academic work, classic work, creative work, earlier work, empirical work, experimental work, intellectual work, later work, original work, pioneering work, previous work, professional work, published work, scholarly work, seminal work, subsequent work, theoretical work, undertake work, manual worker, migrant worker, skilled worker, unskilled worker

world

academic world, capitalist world, changing world, contemporary world, external world, natural world, physical world

write

academic writing, critical writing, historical writing, later writings, written comment, written communication, written statement

year

academic year

young

younger generation

Like the website? Try the books. This extract from Unlock the Academic Wordlist: Sublists 1-3 contains all sublist 1 words, plus exercises, answers and more!

Author: Sheldon Smith ‖ Last modified: 28 November 2022.

Sheldon Smith is the founder and editor of EAPFoundation.com. He has been teaching English for Academic Purposes since 2004. Find out more about him in the about section and connect with him on Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn.

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The Academic Collocation List (ACL) is a list containing 2,469 of the most frequent and useful collocations which occur in written academic English.

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Preparing for an English Language qualification is a serious business and I know you have to face huge obstacles -you may find it difficult to find time to study, to stay motivated and in control of your learning, or to organise your time effectively.

Well, I want you to improve your confidence and command of English and, why not, to pass your exams.

I thought that this web could be an easy way to share resources with you. We can make use of it as a companion to your FCE or CAE course. You will find here many resources useful in learning English as a Second Language.

I hope you find this site to be interesting and informative and I look forward to seeing you here quite often.

Best wishes... and see you in class!

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Preparing for an English Language qualification is a serious business and I know you have to face huge obstacles -you may find it difficult to find time to study, to stay motivated and in control of your learning, or to organise your time effectively.

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If you are an upper-intermediate or pre-advanced student of English (CEFR B2), you can practise and improve your reading skills with these B2 reading tests. These tests may help you prepare for the Cambridge B2 First (FCE), IELTS (5.5 - 6.0), TOEIC (785 - 940), or TOEFL iBT (72 - 94).

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The Academic Word List (AWL) contains 570 of the most important words you need to know to be successful in your studies.

Four great reasons to learn the AWL

1. Understand your lectures more easily.

2. Read your course material more quickly and effectively.

3. Improve your academic writing and complete assignments more quickly.

4. Build your confidence in talking with lecturers and other students.

How to use this resource

Start at list 1 & 2. The games and quizzes will help you check that you really know these words and can use them effectively. Then continue with the other lists. There are 10 lists in total. You'll be surprised what a difference 10 minutes a day can make!

Links

The Using English for Academic Purposes website has a great resource on the Academic Word List with links to definitions as well as other practice activities.

Resources

Coxhead A (2000) 'A new academic word list', TESOL Quarterly, 34(2):213-238, doi:10.2307/3587951.

Coxhead A (1998) An academic word list, ELI Occasional Publications 18, School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington.

In this tutorial

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Resources tool including word lists, tutorials, quizzes and links to assist students to learn and successfully use academic vocabulary

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Cambridge English: B2 First (FCE)

Difficulty level: B2 /Upper Intermediate
The First Certificate in English is the most important of the Cambridge exams.

What is the Cambridge First test like?
The test has four sections:

Paper-based or computer-based exams
You can do the B2 First (FCE) exam on a computer or on paper.

Score
A, B, C (pass), D, E or U (fail)
FCE A grade pass is accepted for entry to some universities

B2 / Upper intermediate. Click here to see a comparison of FCE scores with other exams.

Where do I take the test?
Arrange with your closest test centre.

When can I take the test?
the B2 First (FCE) test can be taken most months in either paper-based or computer-based format. The paper-based test can be taken in March, May, June, August and December. The computer-based test can be taken in February, April, July, August and November. Not all test centres will administer both types of test.

How much does it cost to take FCE?
Fees are set by test centres. Expect to pay around €160 euros.

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fce exam practice english language elt efl grammar writing structure cambridge business exercises esol

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Cambridge First Certificate in English (FCE) - about the exam

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Cambridge First - information about this upper intermediate level (B2) exam and links to free practice exercises.

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A person with the FCE might be expected to work in an English-speaking environment as a business person or student. This person will be able to understand public announcements, and also hold converations in English. For example, people with the FCE will be expected to read texts and understand particular details as well as what the whole text is about.

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Having a good knowledge and use of grammar is extremely important for doing well in the Cambridge First Certificate in English (FCE) exam. Although having a good knowledge and use of vocabulary is important too, for me, I feel that it is your grammar skills that they are evaluating you more on in this exam.

But the good news for you is that to do well in the FCE exam, you don't need to know or use very complex grammatical structures. In addition to this, you will probably already know how to use most of ones that you will find used in the exam as well.

Don't need an advanced level of grammar

The grammatical structures that are used in the FCE exam are graded. What this that means is that they will only use grammatical structures which are suitable for the level of the exam. You won't find or are not expected to use grammar concepts which are advanced (e.g. inversions, cleft sentences etc...) in the exam.

The structures they use are not complex and are those which you would expect to find in books written for native teenagers.

From having taught students to do this exam for over 9 years, I have found that most of the grammatical structures used in the exam are those that you will find taught in books and courses for students with an intermediate (B1) level of English. However, you will also find used some terms (like 'however' instead of 'but') and variations of grammatical structures (like mixed conditional sentences) which are taught in books and courses for students with an upper-intermediate (B2) level in English.

Difference between knowledge and use

Before I tell you how to know which grammatical structures to improve on for the exam, there is something important you need to know first. And that is to do well in the FCE exam, your knowledge and understanding of English grammatical structures is expected to be higher than your actual use.

The examiners don't expect you to be able to speak or write in English at the same level as the things you will read and hear in the Reading/UOE and Listening exams. If you are able to use relatively basic grammatical structures well in the Writing and Speaking parts with the occasional more complex structure (like using a modal verb to express probability in the past) or less commonly used term (e.g. 'due to' instead of 'because of'), then you should do well in these parts.

Which grammatical structures to study for the exam

If you are able to understand the majority of what you've already read here, you already have a good foundation in English grammar. What this means, there will be grammatical structures in English that you DON'T need to study and improve for the exam. You need to focus on studying those grammatical structures which you will find used in the exam that you are not really sure about or have never learnt.

There are two ways that you can know what these are. The first is when you are reading in English (which you should be doing frequently and things which are at the level of what you'll find in the exam (B1 and B2)) and you find a grammatical structure used that doesn't make sense or is confusing, then study what it's used for and when.

The second way (and this is a better way in my opinion), is to go through a list of grammatical structures commonly used in the FCE exam and study those which you don't know or are not clear about how and when they are used.

A list of grammatical structures used in the FCE exam

To help you do this, I have created the below list of grammatical structures that are commonly used in the FCE exam. I recommend that you read through the list and study those which you don't know or are uncertain how to use correctly.

After this list, I'll explain how I recommend how and when you study grammatical structures you don't know or are uncertain how to use correctly.

Grammatical structures used in the FCE exam

Verb tenses

You should know most of these, but you need to make sure that you understand the main different uses they can have (in particular the 'present perfect') and how and when they can be used together (e.g. using the 'past perfect' with the 'past simple').

Passives

You should know why passive verbs are used and how you make sentences using them.

Reported/indirect speech

You should know the rules for creating sentences in reported speech for different verb tenses and how some words (e.g. 'tonight', 'I' etc...) change when using them.

Declarative sentences (both positive and negative sentences)

Questions

Passive sentences in reported speech

Commonly used reporting verbs

Linkers

You should know commonly used words and phrases (which are often called 'linkers') which are used to join two parts of a sentence (or two sentences) together to show a relationship between the two (e.g. show a contrast, give a reason etc...). You should know where in sentences they are used and if they are prepositions (followed by a noun/noun phrase) or conjunctions (followed by a clause (which has a verb in it)).

Linkers of contrast (e.g. but)

Linkers of addition (e.g. and)

Linkers of reason (e.g. because of)

Linkers of purpose (e.g. to)

Linkers of result (e.g. so)

Linkers giving examples (e.g. such as)

Modal Verbs

You should know the main modal verbs, what they are used for (e.g. show ability, give advice etc...) and how to use them when talking about the present, future and past.

Modals of ability

Modals of probability

Modals of obligation

Modals of prohibition

Modals of advice

Modals of request and permission

Verbs, adjectives and adverbs which aren't modals, but are used for expressing probability (e.g. have to, perhaps etc...)

Relative clauses

You should know how to create relative clauses in sentences to identify things or give extra information about them and the common relative pronouns that are used to connect the clauses together.

Defining relative clauses

Non-defining relative clauses

Other grammatical structures

Below are some other grammatical structures you need to know:

Conditional sentences (How to form zero, first, second, third and mixed conditionals. And the words used in them (e.g. if, as if, unless etc...)

Comparative sentences (using both adjectives and adverbs)

Superlative sentences (using both adjectives and adverbs)

Question tags

Sentences with wish (both for the present and past)

Countable and uncountable nouns

Prepositions (the prepositions used with specific nouns, verbs, adjectives and those used talk about time, frequency and place)

Gerunds and infinitives after verbs and adjectives (whether a verb is followed by a gerund or an infinitive)

Gerunds as nouns (why they are used and where in a sentence they are used)

Adverbs (common adverbs used to start a sentence (e.g. eventually) or modify a verb or adjectives)

Would (the main uses of the verb 'would')

Do (using 'do', 'does', 'did' for emphasis in sentences)

Used to and usually (the differences when using these)

Any, some, no and every (what they mean and when they are used)

Grammatical words/phrases

These are not structures, but are words/phrases which give grammatical meaning. Most of these can be used with more than one meaning. Study when and how these are used and meanings they have. However, don't spend so much time on doing this. A basic understanding of these is enough.

How to study the grammatical structures

Get a book

The first thing you need to do before you start improving your grammar is to buy an English grammar reference book. A book which both explains how to use the different grammatical structures and words/phrases you'll find used in the exam and gives you exercises to do to make sure you've understood what you've learnt.

Although Cambridge has a grammar book for the FCE exam, I don't particularly like it. One book I would recommend that you use is a non-FCE book from Cambridge called 'English Grammar in Use: Intermediate'. It explains the grammatical concepts and has exercises on them. For me, it is the best grammar book available for people studying for the FCE exam.

Use the grammatical structures

When you have studied a grammatical structure and done the exercises for it from the book, I recommend that you try to makes sentences in your own words with it. This will help you to remember how and when it is used.

Study only one or two grammatical structures a week

Study a grammatical structure once or twice a week and start doing this months before you plan to take the exam. If you try to study any more, you'll start to get bored and you won't really understand how and when they are used.

Read regularly in English

Reading in English is not only essential for improving your vocabulary, but it is also important for improving your grammar skills as well. The more times that you see grammatical structures you've learnt being used in articles or other pieces of writing, the more likely you are to understand how and when they are used and to remember them.

Make sure that you read articles that have been written for students doing the FCE exam or are for English learners who have a B1 (intermediate) or B2 (upper-intermediate) level of English.

Remember what you have studied

To stop you repeating studying grammar concepts that you have already done, I recommend that once you have studied something, make a note of it in an exercise book, a word document etc...

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Having a good knowledge and use of grammar is extremely important for doing well in the Cambridge First Certificate in English (FCE) exam. Although having a good knowledge and use of vocabulary is important too, for me, I feel that it is your grammar skills that they are evaluating you more on in this exam.

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Knowing how they mark the Writing part of the exam not only helps you to understand your score you get back, but will help you to know how to improve your writing for the exam.

Before I explain how they evaluate/mark your pieces of writing, I will explain the marking system they use.

The marking system

For each piece of writing you do in the exam, you will be given a mark out of 20. For a piece of writing to pass, it needs to get a mark of 12 (equivalent to 60%). They then add the marks you get for both pieces of writing and this gives you your final mark/score for the Writing exam. They then convert this mark to their 'Cambridge English Scale Score'.

For you to pass this part of the FCE exam, your combined final mark needs to be 60% or over (which is equivalent to a 'Cambridge English Scale Score' of 160 or over).

You don't just lose points for each mistake you make

Some students (and some teachers as well) believe that you lose points for every mistake (incorrect choice of vocabulary, spelling a word incorrectly, using a grammatical structure incorrectly etc...) which is made in a piece of writing. Although if you do make mistakes in your writing your score will go down (apart from spelling, but I will explain more about that later), you don't lose a point for every mistake made.

The examiners evaluate your pieces of writing on more than just your mistakes. In fact, it is possible to make no mistakes with your vocabulary and grammatical structures in a piece of writing and it still fails (gets under 12 points/60 %). And below I will explain how they evaluate/mark your pieces of writing.

What the exam is evaluating

The main thing that the exam is evaluating is your writing ability. This is not only your ability to write sentences in English and your vocabulary and grammar, but also your ability to know how to write different types of pieces of writing (e.g. an essay, an email etc...) and to do this successfully (so, it's easy to read/understand, includes what you are asked to etc...).

The amount of points (out of a maximum of 20) that a piece of writing receives, depends on four main things. And for each, they will give you a mark out of 5:

1. Your use and variety of vocabulary and grammar structures:
They will evaluate you on the vocabulary and grammatical structures you use in your piece of writing. If you use a variety of different vocabulary and grammatical structures (both simple (e.g. present tenses) and some more advanced (e.g. conditionals, passives etc...)) correctly, you will be given a higher mark for this part than if you only use simple words/phrases and grammar or make mistakes when using them.

To learn some advanced synonyms of common words that you can use in your pieces of writing, read our article called 'Vocabulary to Improve your Writing and Speaking in the FCE Exam'.

To learn what grammatical structures you need to know, read our article called 'Improve your Grammar for the FCE Exam'.

2. If you write about what you are asked to:
For this, they will not only evaluate you on if you have written about what you were asked to do in the task/question, but also on what you choose to write about for these things.

The things you write have to be relevant for what you have been asked to write. For example, if you are asked to write an essay about choosing courses at university and write a part about courses at school, then this information is not relevant and you will lose points.

3. How well the piece of writing is organised
You will also be assessed on how well you have organised what you have written. Firstly, does it have the right type of structure (e.g. if it is an essay, does it have an introduction, body and conclusion) and does each part of the structure do what it should (e.g. does the introduction successfully introduce to the person reading it what they are going to be reading etc...). And secondly, you'll be evaluated on how well you introduce what you write about in the different paragraphs.

If you both structure what you write correctly and introduce the topic of a paragraph in the first sentence of the paragraph or in the last sentence of the previous paragraph well, you will given a high mark for this.

4. How well it achieves what it is supposed to
The last thing each piece of writing will be evaluated on is on how well it does what it is supposed to do. Firstly, they assess how well what you have written is easy to read and understand. Secondly, if you use the right type of vocabulary (formal or informal) for the piece of writing. And thirdly, does each piece of writing do what the person reading it would want or expect from it (e.g. if it is an email from a friend, does the advice you give them help them etc...).

What you are not evaluated on

There are some things that your pieces of writing are not evaluated on (you won't lose points for doing them). And these are:

How many words you have written

Although you are told to write between 140 to 190 words for each piece of writing, you are not punished (lose points) for either just writing under 140 words or over 190 words. But if you write under 140 words, it will very likely mean that you are not writing enough about what you have been asked to or have forgotten to include something that you have been asked to or should do (so, you'll lose for either of these).

If you only write a little over 190 words (10 to 30 words), you won't be punished. But if you write a lot more than 190 words, it probably means that you are including things which are not necessary for the piece of writing. So, you could lose points for that.

What your piece of writing looks like

It also doesn't matter how your final piece of writing looks. You can cross out parts of what you've written and you won't lose points for that.

Spelling mistakes

You don't directly lose points in your pieces of writing for making spelling mistakes. But if the spelling mistakes make it difficult to understand what you've written then you'll lose points for that.

Using this to get higher marks

Knowing how your pieces of writing in the exam are marked is important to know because it shows that how you write (structure and make it easy to read/understand) and what you choose to write in your pieces of writing are actually more important for getting a good mark than the vocabulary you use. This makes it easier to know what you have to do to write better pieces of writing for the FCE exam (what things you have to improve and focus on when writing them).

To help you do this, below are five things which I recommend that you do to improve your pieces of writing:

Learn what the different structures are of the different types of writing you could be asked to write in the exam (e.g. an essay, an article, an email etc...).

Learn what the different parts of a structure are there to do (e.g. what is the introduction there to do?).

Learn what the main purpose of each different type of writing is (e.g. convince, interest, help somebody etc...).

Think like the person who is going to be reading it. What things will they want to read about and what will make it easy for them to read what you've written?

Plan for about 10 minutes what you are going to write in a piece of writing before you start writing it.

By doing these five things, it will make your writing both more successful and easier to read. It will also mean you get higher marks for your pieces of writing in the exam.

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How the Writing Is Evaluated/Marked in the FCE Exam | Blair Exam English

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Learn how your pieces of writing in the Cambridge First Certificate of English exam are marked/evaluated and how to use this to improve your score in the exam.

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I just spent a few hours going through all my FCE materials and typing out all the questions I could find from part 1 of the speaking test.

They are from past exams, official Cambridge test preparation books, and so on.

I've organised them into topics, but sometimes one question could go in different sections. I chose the one that seemed most logical to me.

Starters

By the way, it's a good idea to be able to spell your name!

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91 FCE Speaking Test Part 1 Questions - FCE Exam Tips

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This article lists 91 questions that you might be asked in part 1 of the Cambridge B2 First speaking test.

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Cambridge B2 First
Speaking Test Part 2

Part 2 Overview

Part two of the Cambridge B2 First (FCE) Speaking test is called the 'Long Turn' because you and student B take turns to give long speeches. You get two colour photos. You have to talk about them on your own for a minute. When you finish, the examiner asks the other student (student B) a question about your photos - student B should talk for about 30 seconds.

Then student B gets two photos and has to talk about them for one minute. When that is over, the examiner asks you a question, and now you have about 30 seconds to answer.

In this part of the test, nobody should interrupt you, and you shouldn't talk when the other student is talking.

2. More Detail

The photos are always different but the process is always the same. The examiner will ask you to COMPARE the photos AND SAY something about them.

Study these examples from past exams:

Compare the photographs and say why they have chosen to travel in this way.

Compare the photographs and say why you think the people are talking.

Compare the photographs and say what the people are enjoying about doing these things.

See the pattern? So the first thing you should learn is how to compare things, and make sure you answer the second part of the question.

Read my article about useful language for speaking test part 2 for some ideas.

3. Common Mistakes

Most FCE students describe the photos. Nobody asked you to describe them! You are asked to compare - there's a big difference. Describing has ONE element - This man is riding a bike. Comparing has TWO elements - This picture shows a man riding a bike this one shows a motorbike.

If you forget a word or make a mistake, don't worry. Just keep talking. You have to talk for one minute. Mistakes are normal. Keep going!

How about an example?
Compare the two photos and say what might be good or bad for the people traveling in these ways.

BAD:

There is a man riding a bicycle. He has a helm. Um... helm. Hat? Helmhat? Helmet! Yes, he has a helmet. This man is on a motor bicycle. There is a yellow taxi behind him. Um... I finished.

(Problems: described the photos - didn't compare - wasted time on one word - didn't say what might be good or bad.)

GOOD:

Both pictures show men on their own. In the picture on the top there's a man on a bicycle while in the other picture he's got a motorbike. In the first photo he's out in the countryside somewhere, maybe in Scandinavia. In contrast, this man is in a city and it looks quite dusty and polluted. Here in the first image, though, we can see it looks clean and the air seems fresh.

I think there are good things about traveling by bicycle - it's good exercise and it's very healthy. And cheap! On the other hand, riding a motorbike doesn't give any health benefits and it's much more expensive because you have to buy petrol.

What about the downsides of the bicycle? I suppose it isn't very safe because cars don't respect you. But that's the same on the motorbike sometimes. Oh, the bike is quite slow - much slower than the motorbike. That's the really good thing about the motorbike - the speed, and it's easy to find a parking space!

BLAMMO! I just passed FCE.

4. Practice

It's easy to practice - you just need two photos on a similar theme. Make sure they have people in.

I just typed the word 'travel' into google image search. The first two photos are PERFECT:

They've both got two people, but the first one looks like two friends and in the other it looks like a couple. The first shows a trip to the countryside while the second is in a city.

What sort of question would the examiner ask?

Compare the two photos and ...

say what is good and bad about these types of holidays

say what the people are looking at and why

say why they have chosen this sort of holiday.

Easy, right?

Now you know how to make your own exam-style questions, you can practice whenever you want.

5. The Follow-Up Question

Let's say student B was given the photos from part 4. He would talk for one minute, and then the examiner would ask you a question about the photos.

Something simple like:
Which of these holidays would you prefer?
You should talk for about 30 seconds. How many sentences can you say in half a minute. Three? Four? Let's say you can say three sentences in 30 seconds. You could say something like this:

Well, that's a very difficult question because I like both types of holiday. It's very interesting going somewhere outside of the city because I like to get some fresh air and see some dramatic things. But probably my first choice would be to go to a city, because there are also nice things to see but then I can get an ice cream whenever I want.

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Cambridge B2 First Speaking Test Part 2 Part two of the Cambridge B2 First (FCE) Speaking test is called the 'Long Turn' because you and student B take turns to give long speeches. You get two colour photos. You have to talk about them on your own for a minute.

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In part 3 you given a spider web with five keywords linking to a question. It looks like this:

You get about 15 seconds to read everything, then you have to discuss it with your partner for 2 minutes. When the 2 minutes is over, the examiner will stop you and he will ask another question. You discuss that question for another minute.

You speak to your partner, and listen to what they say.

2. About the 2015 changes

In 2015 Cambridge changed the First exam. They changed the name (from First Certificate in English to Cambridge English:First) and they made some improvements to different parts of the test.

In the old version of Speaking part 3, candidates had 3 minutes to discuss the 5 topics AND say which was the most important. This led to a lot of messy conversations where students started by deciding what the most important thing was and talking nonsense for 2 and a half minutes.

The new version is better - you have 2 minutes to explore the 5 topics, and THEN another minute to decide which is most important or the best.

This part of the exam is called the Collaborative Task. To collaborate means to work as a team. Imagine you had a discussion with a friend or work colleague in your own language - you wouldn't talk for two minutes while the other person said nothing (at least I hope you wouldn't) and you would listen to what the other person said and be interested in it (at least I hope you would).

So - treat your partner like an EQUAL - give them equal chance to speak and be prepared to agree and disagree with them in a respectful way.

Have you ever played chess with a clock? You make your move, hit the button, your clock stops ticking and your partner's clock starts. It would be very useful to have one of these clocks while practicing this part of the exam. At the end you should both have spoken about the same amount of time. (Of course 5 or 10 seconds difference is no big deal.)

Another way to think of it is like a tennis practice - you hit the ball to your partner with the goal of playing for as long as possible.

You will get a good grade if you ask questions and react to what the other student says.

You will get a bad grade if you are selfish, don't listen, or try to monopolise the conversation.

4. What if my partner is shy or aggressive?

There's normally no need to worry about this.

First, you can find a speaking test partner and register for the exam together. Then you will know who your speaking test partner will be. Problem solved.

Second, if you do end up with an aggressive speaking partner, you will have lots of time in parts 1, 2, and 4 to show your speaking skills. In part 3, try your best to politely interrupt and to be sociable - the examiners will notice and you will gain points while the other student is losing them.

If your partner is too shy, just give them opportunities to talk as normal, wait a few seconds for an answer, then answer them yourself if needed. You know - exactly what you would do in your own language.

5. I can't talk about 5 points in detail in 2 minutes!

True! And you don't have to. In fact, you probably shouldn't. it's much better to have a really good, deep conversation about three of the topics than to race through and mention five. The good discussions in my classes tend to hit 3 or 4 topics.

6. Help! We don't agree about anything!

it doesn't matter - it's all about opinions. There are no right or wrong answers, only good or bad discussions. If you disagree, explain why. Try to persuade your partner that your way is right. But also, when your partner says something good, react. 'Oh, that's a good point, I hadn't thought of that.'

Cambridge are only interested in the quality of the discussion and the quality of your language (your grammar and vocabulary). You won't lose points if you say something crazy like:

"We shouldn't build new parks because tourists hate green spaces. We should build more concrete buildings if we want to attract more tourists."

In fact, those sentences are relevant to the task (providing parks is one of the 5 topics) and there's some good vocabulary.

7. What's the best way to do it?

LISTEN to your partner. Don't just wait for your turn to speak. Be interested in what they are saying and politely agree or disagree. If you disagree, try to persuade them to change their idea, but don't spend too long doing that.

Refer back to things you already said.

Say a couple of sentences then ask a question. Never answer your own questions!

Try to look at your speaking partner more than the paper.

Some students turn their chair a little bit - towards the other student. This helps them to remember who they should talk to.

8. What are some useful phrases I should learn?

Maybe this helpful article will come in handy?

9. Got any more tips?

Don't introduce the task. There's really no point saying 'So, Bob, today we have to talk about attracting more tourists to our town.' Everyone in the room knows what the task is! Repeating it is just a waste of time.

In part 1, don't talk about what the most important or best thing is. That is normally the question for part 2. If you look at the example question at the top of this page, it says 'Why would these ideas attract more tourists to the town?' Not 'what's the best way to attract more tourists'. It's a very important difference! Always focus on what the question says.

If your speaking partner is talking about the wrong thing, bring them back to the task. Say, 'that's very interesting but we should talk about why more tourists would come'.

10. What about the second part?

Everything we said about the first part (2 minutes) applies to the second part (1 minute). You have to take turns, respond to your partner, agree and disagree, and so on.

The only difference is the task. It's normally something like 'now decide which of the 5 topics is the most important'.

DON'T start by saying what you think is the most important!

This may seem crazy at first, but look:

- I think providing parks will bring the most tourists because they will have a place to relax, especially in Summer.

- I totally agree.

END CONVERSATION

There's another 45 seconds left! What are you going to discuss? Nothing useful, that's for sure!

How about this:

- I think the answer definitely isn't putting up security cameras. It might make some people feel safer but mostly it's just ugly and maybe people will think the city isn't so safe if there is such a need for cameras. What do you think?

- I totally agree. I think tourists don't want the NSA watching everything they do.

[Great! Now we have 40 seconds left.]

- I think building a nightclub would bring some tourists but would put off some others.

- Yes, especially older ones. The best solution has to be something that's right for teenagers, their parents, and the elderly. Right?

- Absolutely.

- So I think maybe providing parks will bring the most tourists because they will have a place to relax, especially in Summer.

- And as you said, it's something for people of all ages.

You see how starting with something that isn't the best leads to a better conversation?

TOP TIP

Refer back to what you said in part 1.

'Well, as Bob said earlier, the answer definitely isn't putting up security cameras.'

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In part 3 you given a spider web with five keywords linking to a question. It looks like this: You get about 15 seconds to read everything, then you have to discuss it with your partner for 2 minutes. When the 2 minutes is over, the examiner will stop you and he will ask another question.

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FCE (B2 First) Speaking Exam Part One - Cambridge FCE Speaking Test Advice

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FCE Speaking Exam Part Two - Cambridge FCE Speaking Test Advice

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Teaching resources for FCE, CAE and CPE from Flo-Joe

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Resources to develop exam skills, grammar and vocabulary for PET, FCE, CAE and CPE.

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FCE (B2 First) Speaking Exam Part Three - Cambridge FCE Speaking Test Advice

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FCE (B2 First) Speaking Exam Part Four - Cambridge FCE Speaking Test Advice

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This section provides exercises on different aspects of English vocabulary at an intermediate level. There are a wide variety of tests focusing on topics that frequently come up in the exam and which FCE students may have to write about or speak, for example: education, entertainment and media, daily life, places and buildings, health, medicine, shopping, travel and holidays, and so on.

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This section provides exercises on different aspects of English vocabulary at an intermediate level. There are a wide variety of tests focusing on topics that frequently come up in the exam and which FCE students may have to write about or speak, for example: education, entertainment and media, daily life, places and buildings, health, medicine, shopping, travel and holidays, and so on.

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FCE First Certificate Speaking with score/grades (full video) Pre-2015 SIMULATION

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A big thank you to Cork English Teacher for his wonderful materials.

1. FCE Exam Essay Examples

2. FCE Exam Writing Sample: My Hometown

3. FCE Exam Writing Sample: My Favourite Hobby

4. FCE Exam Writing Sample: The Person I Most Admire

More for you:
19 Email Templates for Business Communication
Formal and Informal Email Phrases Starting with Greetings

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FCE Exam Writing Samples and Essay Examples - MyEnglishTeacher.eu Blog

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A big thank you to Cork English Teacher for his wonderful materials. 1. FCE Exam Essay Examples 2. FCE Exam Writing Sample: My Hometown 3. FCE Exam Writing Sample: My Favourite Hobby 4.

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The writing part of the exam lasts for 1 hour 20 minutes (80 minutes). In this time the candidates need to write two texts of 140-190 words. This post will explain how to write an essay that will get you a great score for the FCE. For more information on the different types of essay click HERE. Take advantage of the useful phrases.
5 Simple Ways to Improve your Written English What do you have to do in the writing part of the exam?
There are 4 questions.

The 1st task is obligatory. You must do question 1 and it is always an essay. The topics are varied, but they are usually social issues such as the environment or the advantages/ disadvantages of something.

The 2 nd task is a choice; you can answer one question of 2, 3, 4. DO NOT ANSWER ALL OF THE QUESTIONS. The choices include: a letter (formal or informal), an email, a review, an article or a report. My suggestion is to focus on writing a formal or informal letter, a review and an article. The letter and the email are almost identical, so you cover both of them. The report is a little difficult because of the organisation and format.
How to write a review for the FCE Cambridge ESOL exams - FREE EXAMPLE QUESTIONS How to write a great letter OR email for the FCE Cambridge exam - INCLUDES FREE EXAMPLE QUESTIONS How to write a report for the FCE (B2) Cambridge ESOL exam - FREE PRACTICE QUESTION INCLUDED How to write a great article for the FCE Cambridge ESOL exams - FREE EXAMPLE QUESTIONS
Example of an essay question:

In English class you have been debating the advantages and disadvantages of studying English abroad. Write an essay giving reasons for your opinions Title: Many students spend a lot of money to study English in an English speaking country, but is it worth it? Notes: write about

Example answer:

Many students spend a lot of money to study English in an English speaking country, but is it worth it?
To get started it is important to understand that learning English is of the utmost importance for people in Spain. Education experts say that the demand for a high level of English is only going to increase so we all need to find the best way of learning this language.

Firstly, we need to look at the cost of learning a language. We study English at school from the age of 3 but the level of classes and teaching is generally quite poor so our parents invest a lot of money in private language schools to help us through our exams. This is a costly process but we need to think, is it the quickest way to learn? Wouldn´t it be better to go to an English speaking country?

Going abroad to study is a fantastic experience and we generally make a lot more progress than we would that if we stayed in our own country, but it is extremely expensive. Not all people can afford it and they need to try to get grants to be able to go. The advantages are obvious because we are surrounded by the language and we are forced to use it in real life situations. But it is important to find people to practice with who are willing to be patient and help us.

To summarise, it is a fantastic opportunity to go abroad to study but it is important to have a good teacher and to be focussed on learning or you could waste your time, and a lot of money.

TO SEE A FULL VERSION OF THE EXPLANATION OF HOW TO WRITE THE PERFECT ESSAY, SEE APPF.ES
Structure of an essay:
Introduction
Introduce the topic and say what you are going to talk about and capture the interest of the reader

The first point from the notes (you can mix points if they are related)

The 2 nd point from the notes, you need to link it to the first
Conclusion
A summary of what you have said in the main paragraphs and make your main point
FIXED PHRASES FOR B2 Making a point:

In my opinion...

I find it...

The way I see it...

It looks a bit...

It seems to me...

It seems as if...

From my point of view...

I think...

I would say...

I reckon...

From my understanding...

I´d like to point out...

Linking:

As I have said before...

With respect to the point on...

Regarding...

Like I have said...

In relation to...

Taking into account...

Speculating :

Probably - He will probably do the exam next week

Perhaps/maybe - Perhaps he doesn´t have time

May/might/could - You might be luckier next time

What if - What if he doesn´t arrive on time?

How it is graded at B2 level:

To say what grade you need to pass the writing part of the exam is not as easy as with the use of English and reading as the way it is assessed is fairly subjective and can be within a point of what another examiner would put. The assessment scale for the writing section of Cambridge is broken up into 4 sections:

Content

Communicative achievement

Organisation

Language

For the content part, Cambridge states "All content is relevant to the task. Target reader is fully informed". This means, to get full marks for content the candidate must answer the question fully and not include irrelevant information.

For the communicative achievement part, Cambridge states "The candidate uses the conventions of the communicative task effectively to hold the target reader's attention and communicate straightforward and complex ideas, as appropriate". This means that the text is interesting enough to keep the reader´s attention and that the reader is informed of the ideas in the text with ease.

For organisation, Cambridge states "Text is well organised and coherent, using a variety of cohesive devices and organisational patterns to generally good effect". To complete with this requirement the candidate needs to organised the text in the correct format (letter, essay, email, review or article etc.) The candidate also needs to use a variety of connectives (5-8 approximately). It is important to write the text in a logical way, it needs to be easy to read and understand.

For language refers to grammar and vocabulary usage, Cambridge states "Uses a range of vocabulary, including less common lexis, appropriately. Uses a range of simple and complex grammatical forms with control and flexibility. Occasional errors may be present but do not impede communication". To pass this part of the assessment the candidate needs to use a range of vocabulary (they are not looking for strange and rarely used words, they want the correct word for the context), the grammar use needs to include both simple and complex (modals, conditionals, passive and relative clauses) forms with few errors.
For a full online course to prepare the B2 FCE Cambridge exam see WWW.APPF.ES
USE OF ENGLISH How to pass the Use of English and reading part of the FCE (B2) - INCLUDES FREE MOCK EXAM

SPEAKING SPEAKING with FREE PDF MOCK EXAM - First certificate (B2) Cambridge ESOL

LISTENING Listening b2 practice - improving your grade

Practice question for you to do at home

In your English class you have had a discussion about communication and the advantages of the internet in today´s society. Write an essay about the advantage and disadvantages of the internet.
What are the pros and cons of having easy access to the internet?
Notes:

1. communication

2. access to information

3. internet security

Comments

comments

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HOW TO WRITE A GREAT ESSAY FOR THE B2 FCE exam (Cambridge ESOL)

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The writing part of the exam lasts for 1 hour 20 minutes (80 minutes). In this time the candidates need to write two texts of 140-190 words. This post will explain how to write an essay that will get you a great score for the FCE.

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The Writing paper has two parts. Part 1 has one compulsory question and involves writing an essay. In Part 2, candidates are given three options and are asked to write one of the following using between 140 and 190 words: an article, email/letter, report, or review.

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The Writing paper has two parts. Part 1 has one compulsory question and involves writing an essay. In Part 2, candidates are given three options and are asked to write one of the following using between 140 and 190 words: an article, email/letter, report, or review.

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Cambridge English Write & Improve Test Zone

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Write & Improve Test Zone provides a wide range of exam tasks that are just like those you will see in your real exam. Submit your work and Write & Improve will award you a score on the scale used in your exam, so you can see your progress.

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написание слов

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список существительных с суффиксами

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Useful English: List of Nouns with Suffixes

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A list of nouns with suffixes for practicing spelling. Список существительных с суффиксами для тренировки написания.

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Willing to go the extra mile? Here's a selection of texts and videos grouped under common topics for exams. Enjoy! 🙂 Technology Education Art Work People and Stereotypes Environment Crime and Punishment Sports Food and Restaurants Habits and Routines The Arts Customs and Traditions Travelling and holidays Health Money and finance Odds and Ends

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Willing to go the extra mile? Here's a selection of texts and videos grouped under common topics for exams. Enjoy! :) Technology When dictionaries attack Social media abbreviations Quiz: Twitter acronyms Education Michael Moore documentary clip of on Finland's school system

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Reading and Use of English Part 4 - Key Word Transformations

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Information and exercises to prepare for First Certificate Use of English Part 4. You learn how to do key word transformations. This is also useful for the Spanish selectivo exam.

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First Certificate  is a B2 level exam.  Make sure you are using B2 level grammar.

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First Certificate  is a B2 level exam.  Make sure you are using B2 level grammar.

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Grammar areas to study at each CEFR level

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Prefixes and Suffixes - Online Exercises - English Grammar and Vocabulary

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Prefixes and Suffixes - English Grammar and Vocabulary Exercises

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Students >FCE Result >FCE Result >Words and phrases

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Missed a day?

Get access to our 'Word of the Day' revision exercises with "FCE Exam Success Plus!".

Writing Correction

Looking for feedback on your writing? Find out more about Flo-Joe's "FCE Writing Critique and Correction" service.

Build an organised record of vocabulary with these worksheets.

Self study mark sheets to help you keep track of new words.

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A daily phrasal verb collocation and word formation quiz to help students with the FCE Use of English Part 3 task

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FCE Grammar test

Difficulty level: B2 /Upper Intermediate

This activity helps with the following grammar points that you need to master for the B2 First (FCE): verb forms, linking words, prepositions, tag questions, modal verbs, and conditionals.

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fce exam practice english language elt efl grammar writing structure cambridge business exercises esol

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First Certificate in English (FCE) - free grammar practice

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How to write a review for the New FCE exam? Here's a sample topic that has been divided into paragraphs and each of the sections explained.

You must answer this question.

An international arts website is looking for reviews of novels for a new section called 'A Reader Writes'. You have decided to write a review of a novel you've recently read for this section. Describe the novel and say what you think about it. Would you recommend this novel to other people?

Write your review in 140- 190 words in an appropriate style on the separate answer sheet.
Sample answer: I really enjoyed the film version of The Bourne Identity starring Matt Damon, but I thought the original novel by Robert Ludlum was even better. This book is so well-written, I didn't want to finish it!

You start with Paragraph 1- Introduction
In the introduction you :

- make your review more interesting with personal comments

- mention the title, the type of the book/ play/ film/etc, the setting (when/where), the theme, the main characters, etc
Phrases you can use in the introduction:

* This well-written/ informative / fascinatng/ thought-provoking book is...

* The film/ book/ play/ etc. is set in..... / tells the story of...../ is based on.....

* The film/ play starts ...../ is directed by...../ is the sequel to.....

Comparing and contrasting

*... is even better than ...

*... is (not) nearly as good as ...

*... is twice as good as ...

*... is the best I have ever seen / read / been to. in comparison with ...

*One of the strongest / weakest things about ...

*In contrast, ... / On the other hand, ...

REMEMBER : A review is a special type of article written for publication in a magazine, newspaper, etc giving a brief description and evaluation of the film, book, play, TV/ radio programme, etc . It may be formal or semi-formal in style, depending on its intended readership, and is usually written using present tenses.

The plot is gripping right from the start. When we first meet the lead character, Jason Bourne, he is being rescued from the sea. His identity is a mystery to everyone, including himself! Over the course of the novel we gradually find out who Bourne is, and follow him through a series of exciting adventures.

In the 2nd and 3rd Paragraph you :

- include the main points of the plot ( without revealing the ending), and evaluate such features as the acting, writing style, directions, characters etc.

- you can also add what you learnt, found out from the book, etc

Phrases you can use to in the 2nd and 3rd paragraph:

Describing a book / film / TV programme

* The main character is ...

* It tells the story of ...

* The plot / dialogue / acting / characterisation is ...

* The only criticism I would make is that ...

* What I really loved about ... is ...

* ... was ... from start to finish.

+ exceptional / good value / gripping / lively / memorable / perfect / realistic / stunning / superb / well-written / -acted / -cooked etc.

- disappointing / dreadful / dull / inadequate / poor / predictable / sub-standard / unconvincing / unimaginative / uninteresting

As well as a highly original plot line, the novel includes a number of fascinating characters, especially the villains! I only have one negative -comment: in my view, the novel is strong on action but weaker on description. However, this is a small criticism of an otherwise excellent book.

Phrases you can use to in the 2nd and 3rd paragraph:

* The plot revolves around ...involves .../focuses on .../has an unexpected twist.

* The story begins with .../unfolds / reaches a dramatic climax when ...

Evaluating various features:

* The play/film/series has a strong/star-studded/mediocre cast.

* The acting is moving/powerful/excellent/weak/disappointing/unconvincing.

* The plot is gripping/dramatic/fascinating/suspense-filled/fast-moving. far-fetched/predictable/ confusing/dull /unimaginative.

* The script/dialogue is touching/witty/hilarious/boring/mundane.

* It is beautifully/brilliantly/sensitively written/directed.

I would highly recommend The Bourne Identity to anyone who enjoys action or crime stories. However, if you prefer more descriptive or romantic novels, then you should give it a miss. Personally, I can't wait to start reading the sequel!

In the last paragraph you :

- include an overall assessment of the work and/or a recommendation, usually with justification

- you may also be asked to give reasons why someone should see the film/ play or read the book, how it has influenced you, etc.

Phrases you can use to end the letter

*I would highly / strongly recommend ...

* I certainly wouldn't recommend ...

* I strongly advise you (not) to ...

* Everyone should see / do / read this ... immediately!

* ... is not to be missed!

* You should give ... a miss!

* Don't bother reading / seeing / going ...

* It is a classic of its kind/ It is sure to be a hit/ best -seller

Over to you:

You have seen the following announcement in a magazine.

OUR READERS AND THE BOOK THEY TREASURE

* Is there one special book that has had a great influence on your life?

* Write in and tell us about it.

* Tell us briefly about the book and, more importantly, what it taught you or how it helped you.

* The best entry will he published in the near future.
Prize: £100 in book tokens to help you build up your own library!
Write your review in 140- 190 words in an appropriate style on the separate answer sheet.

Here's the next task you can do:

The magazine published by your school's English club is asking students to give opinions on the coursebooks they have been using. Write a review of a coursebook, giving your views on the following points:

* how well it prepares students for the exam

* how much it has helped you improve your English

Write your review in 140- 190 words in an appropriate style on the separate answer sheet.

1- Write for the reader. Always bear in mind who you are writing for. If you're writing for a magazine, think of the kind of people who read that particular magazine. A book review is intended for people who have not read the book, so don't assume that your readers already know the story.

2- Don't talk about yourself. When giving your opinion, whether in a review or elsewhere, be careful not to fall into the trap of talking about yourself. Try to be objective. One way of testing for objectivity is to check your writing for the words I, me, my, myself. Similarly, phrases such as in my opinion, to my mind, I think should be used as little as possible; any more than once in the first paragraph and once in the last, and your review seems to focus on yourself, not your subject.

3- Write in an impersonal style. Many students spoil their articles and reviews by writing in a chatty, informal style as if they were talking to a friend. On the contrary, essays, articles and
reviews should be relatively impersonal. Your readers are not particularly interested in you: they need information, description and narrative more than they need your opinion.

4- You don't know your reader, so be careful about using the word you.

5- Use precise, descriptive vocabulary. Generalizations such as This book is boring communicate very little to the reader. Specific observations and concrete facts, on the other hand, help the reader to share your experience. If you have strong feelings about your subject, this should make your writing more interesting - but be careful! Strong feelings must be given form and coldly translated into precise words.

How to write a review for the New FCE exam? Here's a sample topic that has been divided into paragraphs and each of the sections explained.

You must answer this question.

An international arts website is looking for reviews of novels for a new section called 'A Reader Writes'. You have decided to write a review of a novel you've recently read for this section. Describe the novel and say what you think about it. Would you recommend this novel to other people?

Write your review in 140- 190 words in an appropriate style on the separate answer sheet.
Sample answer: I really enjoyed the film version of The Bourne Identity starring Matt Damon, but I thought the original novel by Robert Ludlum was even better. This book is so well-written, I didn't want to finish it!

The plot is gripping right from the start. When we first meet the lead character, Jason Bourne, he is being rescued from the sea. His identity is a mystery to everyone, including himself! Over the course of the novel we gradually find out who Bourne is, and follow him through a series of exciting adventures.

As well as a highly original plot line, the novel includes a number of fascinating characters, especially the villains! I only have one negative -comment: in my view, the novel is strong on action but weaker on description. However, this is a small criticism of an otherwise excellent book.

I would highly recommend The Bourne Identity to anyone who enjoys action or crime stories. However, if you prefer more descriptive or romantic novels, then you should give it a miss. Personally, I can't wait to start reading the sequel!

Over to you:

You have seen the following announcement in a magazine.

OUR READERS AND THE BOOK THEY TREASURE

* Is there one special book that has had a great influence on your life?

* Write in and tell us about it.

* Tell us briefly about the book and, more importantly, what it taught you or how it helped you.

* The best entry will he published in the near future.
Prize: £100 in book tokens to help you build up your own library!
Write your review in 140- 190 words in an appropriate style on the separate answer sheet.

Here's the next task you can do:

The magazine published by your school's English club is asking students to give opinions on the coursebooks they have been using. Write a review of a coursebook, giving your views on the following points:

* how well it prepares students for the exam

* how much it has helped you improve your English

Write your review in 140- 190 words in an appropriate style on the separate answer sheet.

1- Write for the reader. Always bear in mind who you are writing for. If you're writing for a magazine, think of the kind of people who read that particular magazine. A book review is intended for people who have not read the book, so don't assume that your readers already know the story.

2- Don't talk about yourself. When giving your opinion, whether in a review or elsewhere, be careful not to fall into the trap of talking about yourself. Try to be objective. One way of testing for objectivity is to check your writing for the words I, me, my, myself. Similarly, phrases such as in my opinion, to my mind, I think should be used as little as possible; any more than once in the first paragraph and once in the last, and your review seems to focus on yourself, not your subject.

3- Write in an impersonal style. Many students spoil their articles and reviews by writing in a chatty, informal style as if they were talking to a friend. On the contrary, essays, articles and
reviews should be relatively impersonal. Your readers are not particularly interested in you: they need information, description and narrative more than they need your opinion.

4- You don't know your reader, so be careful about using the word you.

5- Use precise, descriptive vocabulary. Generalizations such as This book is boring communicate very little to the reader. Specific observations and concrete facts, on the other hand, help the reader to share your experience. If you have strong feelings about your subject, this should make your writing more interesting - but be careful! Strong feelings must be given form and coldly translated into precise words.

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How to write a review for the New FCE exam? Here's a sample topic that has been divided into paragraphs and each of the sections explained. You must answer this question. An international arts website is looking for reviews of novels for a new section called 'A Reader Writes'.

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First Certificate in English is an upper intermediate level exam and corresponds to level B2 of the Common European Framework of Reference. The examination is designed for students who have a satisfactory command of the English language and is recognised by many educational institutions and universities. There are four papers in the exam: Writing, Reading and use of English, Listening and Speaking. Paper 1 has seven parts (52 questions) and takes 1 hour and 15 minutes. Use of English consists of texts with accompanying vocabulary and grammar tasks. Students are expected to be able to understand different types of texts like magazines and newspaper, fiction, short stories and internet articles. Why not try our free practice tests below.

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Practice Tests for Cambridge English: First (FCE) Use of English

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About Fish and Aquariums

There are more than 200,000 species of fish inhabiting many (1) ... waters. New species of fish are discovered every year. From the deepest part of the seas thousands of feet down in total (2) ..., to the beautiful aqua-blue waters of the coral reefs, to the streams, lakes, and ponds of freshwater found throughout the world, fish have adapted an incredible variety of life-forms, styles, and (3) ... . The group of aquatic animals we call fishes has evolved for over 400 million years to be the most (4) ... and diverse of the major vertebrate groups. Forty-one percent of the world's fish species inhabit only fresh water. This is pretty (5) ... considering that fresh water covers only 1 percent of the world's surface. As you probably already know salt water covers 70 percent of the earth's surface. So the number and (6) ... of fresh water species to marine or saltwater species is all the more mind-boggling. While they inhabit the smallest amount of water, they have, in fact, adapted to a much (7) ... range of habitats and to a greater variety of water conditions. Let's take a closer look at the unique adaptations of fish that have allowed them to live so (8) ... in the medium we call water.

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PAPER 1 WORD FORMATION, USE OF ENGLISH - FCE CAMBRIDGE FIRST | ENGLISHREVEALED

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There are more than 200,000 species of fish inhabiting many (1) ... waters. New species of fish are discovered every year. From the deepest part of the seas thousands of feet down in total (2) ..., to the beautiful aqua-blue waters of the coral reefs, to the streams, lakes, and ponds of freshwater found throughout the world, fish have adapted an incredible variety of life-forms, styles, and (3) ...

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First Certificate (FCE) Online Tests - Today School

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La web que estàs visitant utilitza cookies pròpies i de tercers per millorar la navegació i obtenir dades estadístiques. Pots acceptar el seu ús mitjançant el botó d´acceptació. Si vols més informació pots consultar l´apartat ´Política de galetes´. Veure Política de galetes

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If you've enjoyed these First Certificate word formation exercises on the Today School blog, click on the share button below and then the google +1 button to say you like us! We'd like to hear from you as well so send an email to todayschoolblog@gmail.com

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First Certificate Word Formation - test 1

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If you've enjoyed these First Certificate word formation exercises on the Today School blog, click on the share button below and then the google +1 button to say you like us! We'd like to hear from you as well so send an email to todayschoolblog@gmail.com

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FCE Use of English part 3

Difficulty level: B2 /Upper Intermediate

This free FCE Use of English Practice Test helps with the word formation and vocabulary that you need to master for the B2 First (FCE).

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fce exam practice english language elt efl grammar writing structure cambridge business exercises esol

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Cambridge English First (FCE) - free word formation test

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Read a text about beavers and use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.

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Free FCE (First Certificate in English) Practice for EFL Students: word formation (adjectives with -ful and -less)

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Rewite the following sentences using the words given in brackets (...) so that they mean exactly the same as the first sentence. Type the missing words, then press "Check". If you need help, you can click on the "Hint" button to get a free letter.

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Free FCE (First Certificate in English) Practice for EFL Students: word formation (negatives)

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Free FCE (First Certificate in English) Practice for EFL Students: word formation (verbs)

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First Certificate in English (FCE)

The third part of the Use of English paper in the First Certificate Examination is word formation where you have to use a root such as 'able' and create an appropriate word (disable, unable, ability) to fill the gap in a text.

4. If you go walking around the factory, ensure you have ______________ clothing on.
protect

Exam Tip!

If you are sure that the word is, for example, an adjective but you can't think what the exact word is, try thinking of "usual" prefixes and suffixes. Perhaps it needs the suffix "ive" or the prefix "de". Try a few out and see which ones seem to be best. This can also be done with nouns and verbs. Remember one thing: you know more English than you think you do! If you don't try, when you see the answer, you'll say "I knew that!" so think a little first, try to build your way to the answer!

Exam Tip!

Read the entire text/sentence to get a good idea of context. What "type" of word do you need? It's good practice to go through one of these exercises just thinking about "what category of word?" and "positive or negative?" Is it a positive noun (competitiveness) or a negative adjective (unfriendly). Always be thinking in those terms and it will make the word formation part of the Use of English exam easier.

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B2 First (First Certificate in English) Examination Word Formation | esl-lounge Student

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B2 First examination preparation. Use of English paper - Word Formation section. Use the correct form from a word root to complete a sentence.

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FCE Speaking Test Part 4 tips, tricks, advice, plus sample questions and useful phrases