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Rainforests are hot humid biomes and are found near earth’s equator. The largest rainforests are found in South America, Africa and Southeast Asia. Tropical rainforests receive from 60 to 160 inches of precipitation per year and they usually have an even precipitation distribution.

Combination of constant warm weather and moist environment it creates an ideal environment for plants and animals to thrive. Tropical rainforests contain the greatest biodiversity in the world. Over 15 million species of plants and animals live within this biome.

The hot and humid conditions also make rainforests ideal for bacteria and other microorganisms. Because these organisms are active through out the year they are a large contribution to decomposing matter on the forest floor. In other biomes decomposing matter on the forest floor adds nutrients to the soil but because Tropical rainforests have such an ideal environment for plants and animals the plants grow so fast that they consume all the nutrients. As a result most nutrients that are absorbed into the soil are removed by constant precipitation, which therefore leaves the soil infertile and acidic.

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Forests is a broad term for areas that have a large number of trees. Depending on the type of trees in that area forests can be further divided into five main categories. Coniferous forest, deciduous forest, mixed leaved forest, Mediterranean forest and tropical rainforests.

They contain a wide assortment of trees, plants, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates, insects and micro-organisms which vary depending on the zone's climates.

Forests represent a third of the earth's land, and are found in the four corners of the globe.  The major attribute of the forest biome is its trees. While they are different from animals in many ways, they share one common characteristic:  they breathe.

Temperatures of forests biomes (especially the tropical rainforest) are generally high all year though, but a lot cooler at the surface. This is because there is very little sunlight reaching the forest floors
as a result of the heavy vegetative cover. Humidity is extremely high with lots of rainfall, exceeding 200cm all year though.

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Main vegetation

Hot and Dry Deserts vegetation is very rare. Plants are almost all ground-hugging shrubs and short woody trees. All of the leaves are full with nutrients. Examples of these kinds of plant are Turpentine Bush, Prickly Pears, and Brittle Bush. Adaptations have occurred in these plants some of the adaptations in this case are the ability to store water for long periods of time and the ability to stand the hot weather.

Cold Desert's plants are scattered. In areas with little shade, about 10 percent of the ground is covered with plants. In some areas of sagebrush it reaches 85 percent. The height of scrub varies from 15 cm to 122 cm. All plants are either deciduous and more or less contain spiny leaves.

Climate Characteristics

Hot and Dry Deserts are warm throughout the fall and spring seasons and very hot during the summer. the winters usually have very little if any rainfall.

Cold Deserts have quite a bit of snow during winter. The summer and the beginning of the spring are barely warm enough for a few things to grow

Hot and Dry Deserts temperature ranges from 20 to 25° C. ( 43.5 to 49° C e). Cold Deserts temperature in winter ranges from -2 to 4° C and in the summer 21 to 26° C a year

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Antarctic Tundra

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Alpine Tundra

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Arctic Tundra

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Tundra is a type of biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons.

The term tundra comes through Russian тундра (tûndra) from the Kildin Sami word тӯндар (tūndâr) meaning "uplands", "treeless mountain tract".

There are three types of tundra: Arctic tundra, alpine tundra, and Antarctic tundra.

The tundra is basically like a desert when it comes to precipitation. Only about 6 - 10 inches of precipitation (mostly snow) fall each year.

Below the soil is the tundra's permafrost, a permanently frozen layer of earth. During the short summers the top layer of soil may thaw just long enough to let plants grow and reproduce. Since it can't sink into the ground, water from melting permafrost and snow forms lakes and marshes each summer.

There is barely any vegetation in the tundra, only about 1,700 different species, which isn't very much. These are mostly shrubs, sedges, mosses, lichens and grasses. There are about 400 varieties of flowers. The growing season is only about 50 to 60 days long. There are no trees, except for some birches in the lower latitudes. The ground is always frozen beneath the top layer of soil, so trees can't send their roots down. Willows do grow on some parts of the tundra but only as low carpets about 3 inches (8 cm) high. Most plants grow in a dense mat of roots which has developed over thousands of years. The soil is very low in nutrients and minerals, except where animal droppings fertilize the soil.