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Cultural imperialism led to the promotion of culture and ways of life from a politically powerful nation unto a less powerful society. Colonists believed they were helping people lesser than them by forcing their culture and technology upon them. This led to the loss of cultural traditions and values in some societies as they adopted a more Western lifestyle.

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Imperialistic expansion gave countries access to resources that may be unavailable in their homelands. This economic need for raw materials caused European countries to invade territory, such as Africa, in order to gather and extract those resources.

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Many indigenous peoples were captured and sold into slavery. A majority of slaves died in transit due to dehydration and disease, while many more died due to poor work conditions.

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French politician, Jules Ferry, believed that superior races had a right to civilize those that were not. In the famous poem, “White Man’s Burden” written by Rudyard Kipling, he described colonized people as “half-devil and half-child.”, but he also believed that imperialism was just an educational project, a way to spread European Enlightenment.

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In February 1899, British novelist and poet Rudyard Kipling wrote a poem entitled “The White Man’s Burden: The United States and The Philippine Islands.” In this poem, Kipling urged the U.S. to take up the “burden” of empire, as had Britain and other European nations. Published in the February, 1899 issue of McClure’s Magazine, the poem coincided with the beginning of the Philippine-American War and U.S. Senate ratification of the treaty that placed Puerto Rico, Guam, Cuba, and the Philippines under American control. Theodore Roosevelt, soon to become vice-president and then president, copied the poem and sent it to his friend, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, commenting that it was “rather poor poetry, but good sense from the expansion point of view.” Not everyone was as favorably impressed as Roosevelt. The racialized notion of the “White Man’s burden” became a euphemism for imperialism, and many anti-imperialists couched their opposition in reaction to the phrase.

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Many countries justified their actions by claiming they were helping "inferior" race. Scientific racism was often used to put "facts" behind their discriminatory views towards other peoples.

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The development of the steam powered gun boat, dynamite and machine guns in the 1850s were crucial in establishing European military superiority. This technoloallowed them to conquer civilizations that were less advanced, and further expand their territory.

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European nation-states were able to maintain their control of the colonies by providing education for colonial leaders. Educated colonial elites were found to be better at managing and controlling peoples and were given important political/military positions.

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Although the Natives were successful in killing several British officers, they were eventually overpowered and defeated by British forces. Hundreds of Sepoys were killed, and some British troops took extreme measures by shooting the natives out of cannons in acts of revenge. About a year after the resistance was started, peace was finally declared.

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in 1857, in an attempt to prevent the further imperialistic expansion of Great Britain into India, native soldiers known as 'sepoys' revolted and started an uprising.

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The resistance to German expansion in Africa led to a series of ongoing battles which resulted in the death of about 75% of the Herero population and what is considered to be one of the most effective genocides in history.

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In the late 19th century, German colonizers began settling in the southwest of Africa in modern-day Namibia. There was conflict over the limited resources of land, water, and cattle between the Herero people and German colonizers.