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Reuters
* Scientists in Chile unveil 'A Cosmic Titan' cluster of galaxies.
News Now
* Not exercising "worse than smoking" for your health.
News Now
* Best time to go to sleep if you need to wake up feeling refreshed at 7am.
Link Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F9f_Y-pDZCI&feature=youtu.be

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Not exercising "worse than smoking" for your health.

It is said that smoking is one of the biggest causes of death and illness in modern time, but according to the results of a new study, not exercising is still worse for your health.

Researchers from Cleveland Clinic in the States examined data from over 100,000 patients who took a treadmill test to examine their fitness level, over a 22-year period.

The results published, showed that people who performed worst on the workout test were at greater risk of dying than those with any other health conditions, including smokers and diabetics.

Regarding the results cardiologist Dr. Wael Jaber tells CNN. "We've never seen something as pronounced as this and as objective as this," and added "We all know that a sedentary lifestyle or being unfit has some risk. But I'm surprised they overwhelm even the risk factors as strong as smoking, diabetes or even end-stage disease. "

According to the research data, those with a sedentary lifestyle were 500% more likely to die than people in the top band of exercise performance; a risk that is around three times higher than that of smoking.

All of this is not to negate the dangers of smoking, of course.

Rather, it shows clearly how deadly a lack of exercise can be, too. As Dr. Jaber notes, “It should be treated almost as a disease that has a prescription, which is called exercise.”

So let's start our exercise routine from now on.

"Exercise should be a prescription which could save your life, say researchers."

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Best time to go to sleep if you need to wake up feeling refreshed at 7am.

Do you ever go to bed ridiculously early because you need to wake up on time for work - then feel even more tired in the morning?

Well, you might be doing it wrong.

Don't just think by getting more hours of sleep, you'll be more refreshed in the office the next day. Apparently it's a bit more complicated than that.

But, luckily for us, someone has created a 'sleep calculator', being used on blinds company site web blinds, so we can work out when we need to hit the sack in the click of a button.

Apparently it's all to do with sleep cycles rather than getting more hours of sleep. If you wake up at the wrong time during a sleep cycle, you'll find yourself more tired - even if you were asleep for longer.

If you need to get up at 7am
Need to make sure you're awake and getting out of bed at 7am? Then you need to go to bed at either 9.46pm or 11.16pm.

If you're having a late night and you don't fancy either of these, then 12.46am and 2.16am will also work.

The sleep calculator factors in the average of 14 minutes it takes people to naturally fall asleep, so you don't necessarily need to be in bed by this time.

If you need to get up at 6am
To get up at 6am, you're looking at a bedtime of 8.46pm, 10.16pm or even 11.46pm or - if you're feeling like a real night owl - 1.16am.

How about 8am?
Don't need to get up super early to get to work on time? Have no fear. Here's what time you need to go to bed for an 8am rise: 10.46pm, 12.16am, 1.46am or 3.16am.

What are sleep cycles?
A sleep cycle lasts about 90 minutes, during which time we move through five stages of sleep - four stages of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and one stage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.

We move from light sleep in Stage 1 to a very deep sleep in Stage 4. It is difficult to wake someone in Stage 4 of a sleep cycle, which is why you might feel more groggy if you wake up during this stage.

The fifth stage, REM sleep, is when most dreaming occurs.

You can even be really precise
For example, if you know getting out of bed at 6:35 is the optimum time so you can not miss the train and be punctual for work, enter it into the sleep calculator and you'll get a result.

For a 6.35am rise time, go to bed at 9.21pm, 10.51pm, 12.21am or 1.51am.

The Sleep Calculator website reads: "Getting a good night's sleep is about more than simply going to bed early – it's about waking up at the right time too.

"Using a formula based on the body's natural rhythms, the Sleep Calculator will work out the best time for you to rise or go to sleep."

The calculator works on the principle that everyone sleeps in about five or six cycles which last roughly 90 minutes.

Waking up midway through a cycle can leave you unable to sleep and feeling grumpy the next day. The idea is to wake up in between cycles and feel refreshed in the morning.

"There's no need to worry if you."

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Online Newspapers
* In Colombia, bullfighting is okay again.
Mirror
* Elephants beaten and forced to perform underwater to entertain British tourists at hellish Thai zoo.
Online Newspapers
* 24 days later Ecopetrol and government still have few answers for oil spill in Santander river.
Link Video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=go3AfTvWizk&feature=youtu.be

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Elephants beaten and forced to perform underwater to entertain British tourists at hellish Thai zoo.

Elephants beaten and forced to perform underwater to entertain British tourists at hellish Thai zoo.

An elephant is forced underwater to perform tricks for tourists in a demeaning spectacle that animal rights campaigners want banned.

Tourists from Britain and elsewhere are being urged to stay away from Khao Kheow Open Zoo, Thailand, in a bid to stop the animals suffering.

Elephants swim in the wild and use water to cool off, wash and play around.But in this performance at the zoo, the elephant is made to dance around the tank, bobbing her head above and below the surface. With a trainer on her back, tugging violently on her ears, she plunges to the bottom and does a few tricks before going back up for air.The elephants are also made to walk on hind legs, while on the other side of the glass visitors cheer their acrobatics, often performed twice a day.

The training process used to get the animals to perform is horrific, according to the Save The Asian Elephants charity.

Almost 50% of elephants die from the abuse. Of the rest, 10% die of heart failure within a year due to stress.Those who make it beyond this are destined to suffer a lifetime of fear, according to Save The Asian Elephants.Around 132,000 people have now signed a petition calling for the underwater shows to be stopped.

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Scientists in Chile unveil 'A Cosmic Titan' cluster of galaxies.

Astronomers peering billions of light years into space have detected the largest, most extensive collection of galaxies ever registered in the early days of the universe, a “proto-supercluster” they nicknamed Hyperion after a titan from Greek mythology.

Hyperion has a mass 1 million billion times greater than the sun and is so distant that it is viewed from earth as it looked billions of years ago.

Astronomer Steffen Miefke, the chief of operations for the ESO, told Reuters “Hyperion is like 5,000 galaxies of the Milky Way”, and add “These are galaxies very far from us, almost at the beginning of the universe. Hyperion is a sixth of the age of the universe. It’s as though we were able to look at the adolescence of an 80-year-old human being.”

The ESO (European Southern Observatory) operates the Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile, which detected Hyperion. Hyperion was detected using the Visible Multi-Object Spectrograph.

The telescope sits in the Chilean desert 760 miles north of the capital Santiago. And the discovery was made by a team led by Olga Cucciati of the National Institute of Astrophysics in Bologna, Italy.

Hyperion is an adolescent in astronomy terms. Its distance from earth means astronomers are viewing it as it was created just over 2 billion years. Taking into account that The Milky Way galaxy, which hosts our Solar System, is about 13.6 billion years old.

Brian Lemaux, an astronomer from University of California, Davis, who co-authored the report, said galaxies become denser as gravity had acted on them over billions of years.

“Superclusters closer to Earth tend to (appear as) a much more concentrated distribution of mass with clear structural features,” said Lemaux. “But in Hyperion, the mass is distributed much more uniformly in a series of connected blobs, populated by loose associations of galaxies.”

The research, entitled “The progeny of a Cosmic Titan” will feature in the latest issue of the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics

"A "proto-supercluster" of galaxies nicknamed Hyperion, after a titan from Greek mythology, as seen using the VIMOS instrument of ESO’s Very Large Telescope. REUTERS/ESO/L. Calcada & Olga Cucciati et al/Handout."

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In Colombia, bullfighting is okay again.

Colombia’s constitutional court reversed a decision to ban bullfighting, a long-standing tradition that can count on fierce opposition.The court said Wednesday that it would not remove bullfighting on the list of animal abuse crimes, a year and a half after banning the activity.

The ban did not take force immediately as the court gave congress a two-year deadline to produce a law that would ban the tradition that stems from colonial times.After a change of judges, the court decided to abandon the deadline, claiming congress could only ban bullfighting voluntarily.
Colombia court will ban bull fighting in 2 years unless Congress decides otherwiseThe ruling implies that also after the 2019 court deadline bullfighting will be legal unless Colombia’s notoriously slow congress decides otherwise.

The court did maintain a ban on public financing of bullfighting events, leaving the costs for the organization of the controversial “corridas de toros” with a reportedly shrinking group of aficionados.
Countries where bullfighting is legal
Spain
France
Portugal
Mexico
Colombia
Venezuela
Peru
Ecuador

The surprise decision is likely to infuriate animal rights activists who have often staged protests at bullfighting events.

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24 days later Ecopetrol and government still have few answers for oil spill in Santander river.

Nearly four weeks after an oil well owned by Ecopetrol ruptured in northern Santander, there appears to be no end in sight to the growing oil slick as it spreads further and further downriver. Located in Barrancabermeja, 23,000 barrels of oil has now snaked its way over 30km, devastating the local habitat and affecting over 1,200 species of fish, amphibians and other verterbrates in its wake, many which have been the object of rescue efforts of local environmental organisations like Corporacíon Yariguíes.

The spill is located along the Sogamoso River and the concern is that the sludge will slowly make its way towards the swamplands of El Llanito and cause incalculable damage to the ecosystem including the great threat it poses to the vulnerable Amazonian manatee.

The communities in the region are outraged that neither Ecopetrol nor the government have provided for adequate solutions for those most affected by the incident. For their part, Ecopetrol continue to deny that the bursting of oil well Lizama 158 was the result of fracking.
They claimed on Twitter that they have saved over 1,230 animals with the help of over 400 workers but, despite their efforts, they have yet to establish the root cause of the accident.