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bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.

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Médecins Sans Frontières/Doctors Without Borders (MSF)

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How The Body Reacts To Tuberculosis | MSF |

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An easily digestible animation showing how TB spreads and is fought by our bodies. The animation shows the different ways the TB bacterium can develop into the disease; either through overwhelming the immune system (common in children) or by latent TB waking up and becoming active (common for those with weak immune systems such as older people, those who are HIV positive, or have had organ transplants or chemotherapy).

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Retains information and memory of the foreign invader and rests until another infection occurs.

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These regulate the immune response, turning the system off after the infection is cleared.

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Been alerted by the helper t-cells. These multiply and destroy invaders and/or macrophages that engulfed invaders.

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toxin or foreign substance that induces an immune response in the body, specifically the production of antibodies.

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Antibodies are proteins that bind tight to the antigen. They are also produced in the vertebrae as defense against infection.

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These cells make chemicals known as antibodies that connect to the foreign antigen making it much easier for the other cells to destroy them. ALSO they release a hormone that causes the B-cell to divide rapidly for the antibody.

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These cells will locate the antigen and multiplies. It will alert the B cells (made in bone marrow) and Killer T-cells (thymus) and directs the bodies defense

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Now that the person has active TB it will come back to the lungs and may spread to the bloodstream, or the lympatic system to other parts of the body. Examples are lymph nodes, bones and joints, digestive system, CNS, liver or heart. They will now require treatment at a hospital.

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If someone has Latent TB, the bacteria can ¨wake up¨ and become active TB. This may happen months or even years later because someones immune system is now weak (being HIV positive, organ transplants or chemotherapy)

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In 5% of cases the immune system may be overwhelmed and TB bacteria multiply rapidly and escape, causing the person to fall ill. This is common in children
who´s Immune System is not fully developed.

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If the bacteria is neutralized the person affected will have what is called ¨Latent Tuberculosis¨ this will now mean that they are infected but it is not an active TB.

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Inflammatory response and Macrophages - second line

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Inflammatory response and Macrophages - second line

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Firstly the Macrophages will engulf the bacteria and will be sent to the lymph nodes to be neutralized.

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Coughing that lasts three or more weeks

Coughing up blood

Chest pain, or pain with breathing or coughing

Unintentional weight loss

Fatigue

Fever

Night sweats

Chills

Loss of appetite

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Our bodies first line of defense includes our skin, hair/cilia, stomach acid and mucous/wax. This is very important since TB is airborne. Although TB finds its way to bypass these barriers.

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Tuberculosis- How does someone get infected?

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Tuberculosis- How does someone get infected?

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Tuberculosis (TB) infections happen when an individual with the infection coughs and sprays tiny bacteria droplets into the air and someone else breathes in these droplets.