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The Flu Epidemic  Jeremiah, Dylan, Brian

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The Flu Epidemic  Jeremiah, Dylan, Brian

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In 1918 the U.S. suffered a home front crisis when a flu epidemic affected one quarter of the U.S.

Mines shut down, telephone service was cut in half,  factories and offices staggered working hours to avoid contagion

they were so many deaths in cities they ran out of coffins and the corpses of the poor would lay unburied for long as a weeks

the epidemic killed about 500,000 americans before it ended in 1919 and it is believed that it killed 30 million people world wide

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Committee on Public Information- Ashlyn, Hannah, & Kiara 

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Committee on Public Information- Ashlyn, Hannah, & Kiara 

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~To popularize the war, the government set up the nation's first propaganda agency was a former muckraking journalist named "George Creel"
~George recruited some 75,000 men to serve as "four minute men" who spoke about everything relating to the war
~He ordered a printing of almost 25 million copies of "How the war came to America" which included Wilson's war message
~He distributed some 75 million pamphlets, booklets, and leaflets, with the help of boy scouts
~Creels campaign promoted patriotism but also inflamed haters and violations of the civil libraries of certain ethnic groups and opponents of the war

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Food  Administration- Kiara, Ashlyn, & Hannah 

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Food  Administration- Kiara, Ashlyn, & Hannah 

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~Wilson set up the Food Administration under Herbert Hoover
~Home owners planted "victory gardens" in their yards
~In effect of schoolchildren growing tomatoes and cucumbers in public parks, American food shipments to the Allies tripled
~Hoover also sent a high  government price on wheat and other staples farmers responded by putting a additional 40 million acres into production increased income by 30%

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Anti-immigrant Hysteria- Tiffany, Ethan, Lana

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Anti-immigrant Hysteria- Tiffany, Ethan, Lana

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* The main targets of these attacks were Americans who had emigrated from other nations, especially Germany or Austria Hungary.
* Removing german culture went to extremes, changing the german names of things to more americanized names.
* sauerkraut was changed to " liberty cabbage", orchestras refused to play Mozart, Bach, Beethoven, and Brahms, and they even stopped teaching German in schools.

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-the united states spent about $35.5 billion on the war effort
-the government raised about 1/3 of it through taxes including a progressive income tax
-used taxes such as a war profit tax, a higher tax on tobacco, liquor, and luxury goods
-the government sold bonds to tens of thousands of volunteers
- movie stars spoke at rallies in factories, schools and on street corners to sell bonds
-treasury secretary william g. mcadoo put it, a friend of germany only would refuse to buy a war bond
- they raised the rest by selling liberty loans and victory loan bonds

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-New jobs came to life
-wages rose during the war years
-national war labor board was founded
-DuPont company rose to a sixty-eight million dollar a year profit
-housing and food prices rose
-unions were started
-child labor laws enforced

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-Women started working in jobs that beforehand only men would work in.
-A few jobs were railroad workers, cooks, dockworkers, and bricklayers and even mined coal and helped with shipbuilding. A few traditional jobs were nurses, clerks, and teachers. Many women volunteered.
-One women that was active in the peace movement was Jane Addams. (She also help found the Women's Peace Party in 1915 and stayed a pacifist after US entered the War).
-President WIlson acknowledged what women were doing (and the debt), but the debt didn't include equal pay for women suffrage.
-1919: Congress passed the 19th amendment. 1920: States ratified the amendment.

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June 1917-May 1918 the Espionage and Sedition Acts were passed. Anyone who spoke against or interfered with the war could get a $10,000 fine, and a 20 year prison sentence.
LIke the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798, these laws clearly violated the spirit of the first Amendment.
Passages led to over 2,000 prosecutions for Newspapers & magazines that opposed the war or criticized any of the Allies lost their mailing magazines.
The house of representatives refused to seat Victor Berger, a socialist congressman from Wisconsin, because of his Antiwar Views.
The acts targeted socialists and labor leaders. Eugene V. Debs was given a ten year prison sentence for breaking the Espionage & Sedition Acts. Along with Emma Goldman, along with "Big Bill" Haywood.

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African Americans And The War- Tiffany, Ethan, Lana

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African Americans And The War- Tiffany, Ethan, Lana

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Black public opinion about the war was divided

W.E.B. Du Bois believed blacks should support war effort to strengthen racial justice

William Monroe Trotter believed victims of racism should not support a racist government

Most African Americans backed the war

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War industries board- Dylan, jeremiah and Brian 

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War industries board- Dylan, jeremiah and Brian 

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* the main regulatory body was the war industries board is was established in 1917 and was finally recorganized in 1918

* it was under the leadership of bernard M. Baruch

* they encouraged companies to use differnet techniques like mass- production and it was to increase effiency

* The WIB applied price control only at whole sale level the result of that was that the retail price soared

* WIB was not the only federal agency to regulate the economy during the war

* the other one was the rail road admisinstration

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- World War I accelerated the Great Migration of African Americans from the South to the North.
- It is a large scale movement of hundreds of thousands of Southern blacks to cities in the North.
- Several factors contributed to this Great Migration.
1. Many African Americans sought to escape racial discrimination in the South
2. A boll weevil infestation, aided by floods and droughts, had ruined much of the South's cotton fields.
3.  In the north, there were more job opportunities, such as steel mills, munitions plants, and stockyards.
4. Black owned newspapers bombarded Southern blacks with articles contrasting Dixieland lynchings with the prosperity of African Americans in the North.
- However, racial prejudice against African Americans also existed in the north.
- New migrants to Northern cities caused overcrowding and intensified racial tensions.
-Cities included Chicago, New York, Philadelphia.