# data[].attributes.body
-Since 1962 the Burma Socialist Programme Party had ruled the country as a totalitarian one-party state, headed by General Ne Win. (246)

-The government agenda, called the Burmese Ways to Socialism,  involved economic isolation and strengthening the military. This lead Burma to become one of world's most impoverished countries. (246)

-The People's Democracy Movement and the 1988 Uprising, were a series of nationwide protests, marches and civil unrest in Burma that peaked in August 1988. (245)

-The protests began as a student movement and were organised largely by university students at the Rangoon Arts and Science University and the Rangoon Institute of Technology. (245)

Sharp, Gene.Waging Nonviolent Struggle. East Boston: Porter Sargent Publishers Inc., 2005.

Hayley Stricker

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Issues:

-Post-independence Burmese democracy crushed by military dictatorship in 1962 . (245)

- Too strong of military force.

-Deaths of students by police  and army units during demonstrations. (245)

-No option multi-party democracy in election. (246)

Objectives:

-Rangoon students, Buddhist monks, civilians, and Air Force troops all join forces to form resistance that began to openly speak out against the government's economic policies and military dictatorship.

-They wanted a national referendum on the issue of replacing one-party rule with multi-party democracy.

-To run demonstrations with discipline and nonviolence. (248)

-Liberation of Burmese. (250)

-Form a strategy to end dictatorship and create a movement strong enough to restore democracy. (250)

Sharp, Gene.Waging Nonviolent Struggle. East Boston: Porter Sargent Publishers Inc., 2005.

Hayley Stricker

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-26 year old military coup dictatorship. Political dominance of the military and Burmese under totalitarian rule. (245)

-Burmese Socialist Programme Party
- Ne Win, ruler of Burmese for nearly three decades, but shortly resigned as Party Chairman after the uprising broke out. (246)

-Sein Lwin, new Party chairman after Ne Win resigned. Sein Lwin was responsible for most of the student massacres in Rangoon.

-Dr. Maung Maung, a civilian, named Prime Minister in August 1988 after Sein Lwin resignation. (247)

-The military forces carried out a new coup d'etat, a State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC). This dissolved Parliment, teh Council of State, and other government bodies. (248)

-State Peace and Development Council, new name of the military dictators in 2004. (249)

Sharp, Gene.Waging Nonviolent Struggle. East Boston: Porter Sargent Publishers Inc., 2005.

Hayley Stricker

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General situation: 1962 military dictatorship began and students protested police brutality. Students killed in 1988, others were expelled from school. Government then created curfew and banned public gatherings. They had to make concessions so they lifted curfew, the Police chief of Rangoon resigned, and expelled students were allowed to reapply for classes.

Issues and objectives: One of the main issues was the police brutality and killings that resulted from protests and riots. The goal from these protests was to liberate Burma and to expel the military dictatorship.

Opponent group: military dictatorship (government), Police and police chiefs.

Nonviolent struggle group: Students from Rangoon that protested. Also, the National League of Democracy and the secretary that preached discipline and urged people to remain nonviolent.

Third parties: Buddhists monks that joined protests. Parliament also helped to further protests by calling for more democratic elections.

Dependency Balance: The students who went on strike hurt Burma economically but the military caused a lot of problems for citizens with brutality.

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- Air Force troops. They broke ranks to join the marchers on the streets on Rangoon opposition to the regime.(247)

-The Parliament called for general election to be held under a multi-party democratic system, which helped the demonstrations protests. (248)

-40 cities and towns across Burma that lead demonstrations and also demanded immediate resignation of the military regime. (246)

Sharp, Gene.Waging Nonviolent Struggle. East Boston: Porter Sargent Publishers Inc., 2005.

Hayley Stricker

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- Students of Rangoon universities. (245)

- Buddhist monks (the Sangha). The Buddhist monks were so powerful that they took over administration of Mandalay and some other villages. Buddhists became a big target for the military and many were killed.

-National League of Democracy (NLD) was a registered political group that took advantage of the multi-party elections. (248)

-Aung San Suu Kyi, General Secretary of NLD. she preacher discipline and urged people to remain nonviolent. She was daughter of national independence hero Aung San. (248)

Sharp, Gene.Waging Nonviolent Struggle. East Boston: Porter Sargent Publishers Inc., 2005.

Hayley Stricker

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- "In 1988, students started to protest against police and their brutality grew into a nationwide campaign to bring down a v26 year old military dictatorship and restore democracy to the country". (245)

- "Hundreds of students were killed and thousands were arrested. Universities were shut down and student leaders were expelled". (246)

- "On June 21, a student march was brutally attacked by riots police.  This time, the assaults prompted violent responses from some of the students. Clashes continued into the evenings, killing at least 80 civilians and 20 riot police". (246)

- On August 8, a general strike began. Hundreds of thousands of people demonstrated across the country, demanding the immediate resignation of the military regime and the installation of an interim government". (246)

- "Demonstrators in Ragoon fought back with any weapons they could get their hands on". Between August 8 and 11, more than 1,000 demonstrators were killed across the country". ( 246-247)

-" A new general strike was called on August 22. Two days later, with more than half a million people participating in daily Rangoon, martial law was suddenly lifted. Some political prisoners were released from jail, and it appeared once again that the demonstrators' demands might be met". (247)

- "After the massacres of 1988, thousands of students fled to the border areas controlled by ethnic rebels, and tried to start a military struggle against dictatorship". (248)

- "As of 2004, the Burmese struggle for democracy is still unresolved. The. military dictators remain in control, although under a new name, the State Peace and Development Council". (249)

- "Despite continuing imprisonments, torture, and killings, Burmese democrats and ethnic groups have maintained their spirits of opposition to the dictatorship" (249- 250)

Sharp, Gene.Waging Nonviolent Struggle. East Boston: Porter Sargent Publishers Inc., 2005.

Janelle Wilson

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-The people involved in the protests demanded the resignation of the military regime. Thousands went on strike, which hurt Burma economically. The protestors held an economic power over the government. (246)

-The army carried out a coup d'etat and established the State Law and Order Restoration Council. The Council used violence against the protestors, hundreds of them were shot dead, despite being unarmed. Due to the threat of terror, the general strike, which had hurt the country economically, collapsed. (248)

-The protestors held economic power over the government but the government held military power over the people.

Sharp, Gene. Waging Nonviolent Struggle. East Boston: Porter Sargent Publishers Inc., 2005.

Lizzie Siwica