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Cognitive Learning Theory - Using Thinking to Learn. Retrieved from https://explorable.com/cognitive-learning-theory

Seligman, L., & Reichenberg, L. W. (2014). Theories of counseling and psychotherapy: Systems, strategies, and skills. Boston: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.

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Narrative sharing, dialectics, and Eastern philosophical approaches are just some of a the new ways clinicians are helping clients take action towards empowering and caring for themselves.

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The most important thing to understand in our current era is individuality- all clients are affected differently by their age, gender, culture, etc. It is a clinician's job to get to know each client and help get to the heart of any issues or conflicts of emotion they may be feeling, in order to best support him or her in their journey towards mental health.

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Cognitive, behavioral and humanistic approaches are bundled together to create all-encompassing theories and approaches to understand people's thoughts, actions, and emotions.

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Carl Rogers, Fritz Perls, and Viktor Frankl's theories of existential-humanistic psychotherapy stress the importance of our emotions and of taking ownership of those emotions in order to find purpose in our own lives. This pointed to the benefits of therapy--a place to work through our feelings, with the help of a professional, to find deeper meaning.

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The gap between behavioral and cognitive theories was bridged, and thus were born cognitive-behavioral approaches, which emphasize just how much effect our thoughts and actions and those of others affect our emotions.

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Cognitive studies were done, such as Erik Erikson's work on the stages of psychosocial development, and Bandura's work with his Social Learning Theory, which discussed the development of our brain's through what we learn from the people around us.

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Behavioral treatment approaches such as Skinner's token economy system of reward for correct action became more widely used. People began to be treated for mental health disorders, rather than ignored or "locked up" where they could be of no danger to others.

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While Freud made a breakthrough with his research and theories, there was still a lot that wasn't understood. Minds like those of B.F. Skinner, Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck, William Glasser, and Donald Meichenbaum led the campaign towards filling these gaps in Freud's work.

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Sigmund Freud became the Founding Father of Psychoanalysis, studying the brain and its inner workings, and developing theories about mental health. He laid he groundwork for major breakthroughs, and the evolution of the science of psychotherapy.

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Very limited knowledge and understanding of emotional and mental struggles and disorders. Those with severe issues were sent to mental institutions, and those with more minor symptoms were left completely untreated.