# data[].attributes.body
Honey bees are black and yellow insects. Their length generally ranges from .08 to 1.6 inches long. Their bodies are round and robust, and they tend to have fuzz on their bodies in order to collect and distribute pollen. Honey bees also display all of the attributes necessary to be qualified as insects. These attributes include: six legs, two wings, a head, a thorax, and an abdomen. On their thorax, they have a pollen basket and a stinger on the end. Additionally, they have antenna that are used for the collection of data. The types of data the antenna collect include: touch, taste, smell, temperature, carbon dioxide, gravity, and wind speed.

“Bee" Britannica Academic, Encyclopædia Britannica, 24 Aug. 2018.

https://www.britannica.com/animal/bee. Accessed 25 Sep. 2018.

Attached below is a labeled diagram of a honey bee.

# data[].attributes.body
Honey bee hives are found in crevices of rocks, hollows of trees, or manmade boxes. In order to construct their hives, honey bees chew on wax until it becomes soft and then shape the wax into hexagons. Hexagons are the ideal shape for constructing honeycomb because they minimize the amount of wax needed and maximize the amount of area for storage. In the individual hexagonal cells, honey bees store developing larvae, pollen, honey, and nectar. Maximizing honey storage is important because honey bees do not hibernate and instead sustain themselves off of stored honey during the winter.

Whitmer, Phil. "Types of Natural Beehives." Sciencing, Leaf Group, 27 Apr. 2017, sciencing.com/types-natural-beehives-6893402.html.

For a visual explanation of why honey bees chose a hexagonal hive design, watch the video attached here:

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Why do honeybees love hexagons? - Zack Patterson and Andy Peterson

# data[].attributes.body
Honey bees generally live for six weeks. The four main stages in their life cycle include: egg, larvae, pupae, and adult. Bees begin life as eggs. After hatching, they usually spend six days in the larvae stage. During this stage, they are fed anywhere from 150 to 800 times per day. After the larvae stage ends, the honeycomb cell the honey bee is in become capped. At this point, the honey bee begins to create a cocoon out of silk and enter the pupae stage. Pupae grow larger and form adult bee body parts. These body parts include wings, legs, organs, and muscles. The pupae chew through the cap of their cell after about twenty days, but they remain in their cell for a few days to allow their soft skin to harden. The honey bee exits the cell as a fully developed adult and begins fulfilling its role in the hive.

"Life Cycle of the Honey Bee." The Terroir of Honey, 22 May 2016, http://blogs.evergreen.edu/terroir-zack/life-cycle-of-the-honey-bee/.

Below is an image of the honey bee life cycle.

# data[].attributes.body
As pollinators, honey bees play a very crucial role in the environment. In fact, according to the Washington State Department of Health, bees are necessary in the production of up to a third of our food supply. A large portion of the fruits and crops that make up our diet are available thanks to honey bees. Without bees, many plants would not be pollinated and unable to reproduce. The Canadian Agricultural and Food Museum shares on their website that increased visits from bees helps fruit to become larger and more uniform.

"Bees and Wasps." Washington State Department of Health, Washington State Department of Heath, https://www.doh.wa.gov/CommunityandEnvironment/Pests/BeesandWasps. Accessed 9 Nov. 2018.

"The Importance of Bees: Pollination." Canadian Agriculture and Food Museum, https://bees.techno-science.ca/english/bees/pollination/default.php. Accessed 9 Nov. 2018.

For more information about bees and their role in pollination, check out more information from the Canadian Agricultural and Food Museum page by clicking on the link below.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Importance of Bees: Pollination | Bees A Honey of an Idea

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
When a bee collects nectar and pollen from the flower of a plant, some pollen from the stamens-the male reproductive organ of the flower-sticks to the hairs of her body. When she visits the next flower, some of this pollen is rubbed off onto the stigma, or tip of the pistil-the female reproductive organ of the flower.

# data[].attributes.headline
Additional Honey Bee Appearance Information

# data[].attributes.subject
Additional Honey Bee Appearance Information

# data[].attributes.body
Here is a website from Arizona State University that dives into greater detail about the external and internal anatomy of a honey bee.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Bibliographic details:

Article: Bee Anatomy

Author(s): Christopher M. Jernigan

Publisher: Arizona State University School of Life Sciences Ask A Biologist

Site name: ASU - Ask A Biologist

Date published: June 13, 2017

Date accessed: April 20, 2022

Link: https://askabiologist.asu.edu/honey-bee-anatomy

APA Style

Christopher M. Jernigan. (2017, June 13). Bee Anatomy. ASU - Ask A Biologist. Retrieved April 20, 2022 from https://askabiologist.asu.edu/honey-bee-anatomy

Chicago Manual of Style

Christopher M. Jernigan. "Bee Anatomy". ASU - Ask A Biologist. 13 June, 2017. https://askabiologist.asu.edu/honey-bee-anatomy

MLA 2017 Style

Christopher M. Jernigan. "Bee Anatomy". ASU - Ask A Biologist. 13 Jun 2017. ASU - Ask A Biologist, Web. 20 Apr 2022. https://askabiologist.asu.edu/honey-bee-anatomy

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Bee Anatomy Honey bees are insects and have five characteristics that are common to most insects. They have a hard outer shell called an exoskeleton. They have three main body parts: head, thorax, abdomen. They have a pair of antennae that are attached to their head.

# data[].attributes.body
Below is a website that contains additional information about how honey bees make honey comb.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
One of the more aesthetically pleasing sights in nature is the structure constructed by bees to form the basis of their home - honeycomb. We all know this iconic pattern well. While it originates in nature, it is such a successful design that many manufactured products have come to mimic its shape.

The hexagonal cells that form honeycomb are around us in many ways, but as beekeepers we become intimately familiar with them through our beehives. Each individual cell has a story to tell, through the myriad ways in which it can be used by bees.

The concise and orderly pattern of comb is a symbol for structure, order, utility and strength - and with good reason. This pattern hasn't occurred by accident. Bees have discovered a way to build their home that serves them incredibly well.

Let's look at the secrets and purposes of honeycomb in beehives.

The Making of Beeswax

Beeswax - the material uses to make honeycomb - is a truly extraordinary material, with some fascinating properties. But how do bees produce the wax they need to make cells?

As we discovered in The Anatomy of Bees, worker bees have 8 pairs of wax glands under their abdomen. These glands produce small, flat wax "scales" of up to 3 mm long and 0.5 mm deep. When a worker creates comb, she scrapes a wax scale from her abdomen using the spines on her pollen basket and passes them to her front legs.

Holding the scale in place, she will then mix it with saliva by chewing with her mandibles. This adjusts the malleability of the wax, making it more suitable as a building material from which each individual cell is built. Repeated tens of thousands of time, these cells form the comb in a beehive. That comb is used for many essential purposes by bees.

Nectar and Honey

Bees need a place in which to establish their home, both in nature and in our hives. T heir choice of wax-based, hexagonal cells is a simple approach but one that affords them many benefits. Before we look at why bees choose this approach, let's first consider the purposes in which they use this comb.

The most obvious and well-known reason bees build comb is as a place to create and store honey. We do, of course, take indirect advantage of that eventually around the breakfast table. But while bees deliver that sweet treat to us, they obviously don't do it for our benefit!

Honey is an essential resource for the bee, particularly essential if they are to survive the winter months. During the cold months, bees are unable to venture away from the hive to gather nectar and pollen. They must, therefore, be totally reliant on the honey resources they have built up within the hive, as they form the "winter cluster".

Bees use cells to create honey in two phases. First, nectar foraged from flowers will be placed in cells and left uncapped. This allows the water content of the nectar to be reduced. Bees help this process along by fanning their wings over the open cells, thus passing air over the nectar.

When the water content of the nectar has reached the right point, bees will cap the honey. This means covering the cell with a thin layer of wax, ensuring the honey stored in the cell will maintain the same water content. Capped honey is recognizable by a white seal over each cell. At that point, the bees have produced and stored honey.

The bees that collect nectar from flowers do not directly deposit it into cells when they return to the hive. Rather, a receiving bee will accept it and retire to an appropriate part of the hive for "processing", before placing in a cell.

Bees that have collected nectar...

Pollen

While honey is an essential source of carbohydrates, bees need a balanced diet. For proteins and fat, they collect and store pollen. As a beekeeper you will regularly see bees returning to the hive with colored bundles of pollen, one of the more enjoyable sights as you observe your bees. You will see cells in your hive that have colors reflecting the type of flowers visited.

Interestingly, while incoming bees pass nectar to other bees for processing, this is not the case with pollen. Instead, a bee with pollen will move directly to a cell and store it herself.

Bees that have collected pollen...

...deposit themselves in cells.

Here's a great video illustrating just that.

Brood

When we look at comb created by our bees, the regularity and consistency of the pattern made by the cells is very evident. Many of cells are the same shape and size. However, as with most things associated with bees, all is not quite as simple.

The cells built for each caste differ, as follows:

Worker Cells: Most cells in the brood area will be intended to raise worker (female) bees, the smallest of the three castes.

Drone Cells: Drones are larger than worker bees and therefore the cells in which they are created are also larger. The cap on drone cells is more domed than that of worker cells, which helps with identification of drone cells.

Queen Cells: These are often called queen cups and are a different shape and size altogether, as compared to worker or drone cells. Queen cells look somewhat like a peanut hanging from the comb. Their presence may be cause for alarm and signal some potentially negative scenarios, though this is not always the case.

An important element of the beekeeper's skill set is an awareness of where brood cells would normally be created, their numbers and so on. Interpretation of the brood area is a vital part of any hive inspection.

The knowledgeable beekeeper...

Communication

There is one other benefit to the use of comb that is rarely considered - as a communication medium. Bees have a number of ways to communicate, using most of their senses. Pheromones, for example, are an essential mechanism through which bees determine the health and productivity of the queen. Other pheromones are used as an alert to danger.

One of the less obvious ways to communicate, though, lay at the very feet of bees within the hive. The cells on which the bees live - and walk - can conduct vibrations. Studies have shown that bees can detect and respond to this across the hive.

Some beekeepers maintain that this is a reason to avoid the use of man-made foundation, which may not have the same qualities as natural comb.

Why Hexagonal Cells?

There has often been debate about why bees create their honeycomb using the familiar hexagonal shape for each cell. Some associate this with "bee intelligence", some to an eye for a beautiful pattern, some to evolutionary forces and so on.

There is likely a simple physics-based explanation and maybe a little math. But regardless of why bees take this approach, the fact that they do remains an amazing observation. Let's take a deeper look.

Whether by "intelligence" or otherwise, the creation of hexagonal cells has many benefits. Perhaps the most obvious one is that unlike, say, circles the hexagon is a shape that can be combined leaving no gaps. That said, other shapes like the square and triangle share this property, so perhaps there are other reasons.

Beyond the obvious efficiency of space, there is also a benefit in terms of "cell builder efficiency". If a bee creates a cell of a random shape, the next cell can still adapt to its shape. However, the second cell can't be created until the first cell is complete. The consistent use of a hexagonal cell means that bees can rapidly and efficiently build cells, safe in the knowledge that the next cell will join it comfortably. That consistency, across the entire hive, has a major impact on the speed with which bees can build their comb.

However, there is another very important benefit to the use of a hexagonal cell.

Compared to the other shapes that leave no gaps (such as triangles and squares), the hexagon creates comb with the least required volume of structural material i.e. wax.

This was the subject of considerable debate for many years. A mathematician at the University of Michigan, Thomas Hales, eventually produced a mathematical proof that the hexagon is the most efficient approach, for a given volume of building material.

So, we need the brightest minds to prove something bees seem to know intuitively!

This is important. As we have seen, the production of wax takes time, energy and the collection of materials. These are valuable resources to bees and so the minimization of the use of wax is essential. The hexagonal shape of the cell addresses that need.

How strong is the comb?

While we can debate how and if bees "know" why a hexagonal cell is an excellent choice, it is a fact that they have chosen an incredibly efficient and beautiful way to build their homes.

Decisions for the Beekeeper

Much of the life of the bee is objective and effective. It is how nature works and we can easily accept the outcome. The issue of cell size is an aspect of beekeeping that greatly enhances its enjoyment, while also having the ability to infuriate.

Cell size is a topic of much debate between beekeepers! We will sum this up on one simple statement:

Put 10 beekeepers in a room and you will find 11 opinions

We joke, of course - but only partially!

There are indeed many opinions among beekeepers. The use of foundation is one such important topic. It is a debate that can keep beekeepers arguing all day! For now, we'll just introduce you to the controversy at a high level.

Bees have lived and survived successfully in nature for millions of years. They are incredibly robust and able to fend for themselves. Beekeepers place them in an artificial location, namely the bee hive. Then we ask them to live a natural, productive life.

It isn't always so simple.

The topic of whether to use man-made foundation - the substrate on which bees to create their comb - is an open, ongoing debate. Many beekeepers with a bent towards a more natural form of beekeeping prefer to simply provide a rectangular frame , on which bees can create their own foundation. The bees will then use wax to create cells forming a surface of entirely natural comb. This approach is referred to as foundation-less beekeeping and is a key tenet of the broader philosophy of natural beekeeping.

Also common is the use of man-made foundation. Typically, this is a plastic frame, . The foundation is imprinted with a basic structure of cells and bees will build their own cells on top of this. The idea here is that bees have a significant head start, in that they do not need to expand time and energy building a solid foundation. This allows them to instead focus merely on the cells covering the foundation.

Proponents of foundation-less beekeeping argue that the decision about cell size is made for the bees when a man-made foundation (with a cell structure imprinted) is provided - and that is far from natural for the colony.

The use of foundation is more common than foundation-less frames. But the debate continues.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The honeycomb created by bees is a beautiful and carefully designed area on which bees live. We look at why and how the cells of honeycomb are so important.

# data[].attributes.headline
Additional Honey Bee Life Cycle Information

# data[].attributes.subject
Additional Honey Bee Life Cycle Information

# data[].attributes.body
The webpage linked below contains a video that shows the development of a bee from egg to adult.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A Small Creature With A Big Life

When we look at a single honey bee we see a small, seemingly simple creature. But behind that modest frame is an incredible story. From the very start of its life, the bee has a fascinating journey. In this lesson, we looks at the story of the honey bee, from egg to adult.

A Word About Castes

Let's start off with....controversy!

When/if you join a beekeeping club (we'll talk about that in another lesson), here's a suggestion. Stand in the middle of a meeting and introduce yourself by saying "I believe there are <x> castes of honey bee". Whether you replace <x> with 2 or 3, you will make some friends. Unfortunately, you will also upset a few folks!

The definition of a "caste" spurs quite some debate among more scientifically-inclined (some would say "geeky") beekeepers. The issue boils down to whether you think a drone counts as a caste.

Here is one definition of caste...

"...a group of individuals of the same sex that behave similarly to each other but differently from other members of their sex."

For our female bees - as will discover in subsequent lessons many times over - it is clear that the behaviors of worker and queen bees are so different that they are unambiguously castes. One gender, two distinct sets of behaviors = two castes.

With drones.... it's not so obvious.

Drones are drones. They are the same sex and basically act the same way! The question, then, is whether drones "add one" to the number of castes.

There are many who will tell you that since there is no subset of drones that acts differently to all the other drones, there is no such thing as a castes with drones. No differentiation, therefore no castes.

Technically and scientifically, that is probably accurate. But with females "contributing" two castes - since there are two sets of behaviors - it seems logical and natural to think of the drone as a single caste. And we know we will burn a few bridges here!

So, being the rebels we are, we're going to refer to three castes in the hive, not two! It's just a more intuitive approach to us and lends us a convenient terminology when referring to "the three castes of honeybee".

But know that referring to 2 castes will be important to a lot of beekeepers you meet. And we're betting some will comment to this lesson! If you want to go with that, we're cool with that too.

OK, so moving on...

But First, The Movie....

Before we discuss the life cycle in detail, take a look at this extraordinary time-lapse video from National Geographic, illustrating the beautiful transition from egg to adult bee.
Note: The eagle-eyed among you may be able to spot one of the biggest threats to bees today - the varroa mite.
The Honeybee Life Cycle and Beekeeper Forensics

The timeline associated with the life cycle of the honey bee is not merely a curiosity to the beekeeper. An effective beekeeper has a keen awareness of the life cycle of each caste. Why? Let's call it forensics.

Where possible, visual evidence is preferred during the inspection. But that's not always feasible or necessary. For example, on each inspection you will hope to visually locate the queen. This is always comforting. But among 60,000 or more bees that's not always a simple task, particularly to the new beekeeper. A marked queen will help with the search but it can still be a challenge.

So, is it essential to locate the queen on every inspection? Absolutely not.
You do not need to spot the queen on every inspection! That's where the forensics come in.
As we will see, the life cycle of the honey bee has a well-defined timeline, from egg to adult. This varies across castes but there's a general pattern that can be assumed.

As an example, if you search for your queen, you can't find her, but you DO find eggs then you know she's been there very recently. It is this type of assessment and interpretation, across many scenarios, that makes beekeeping fascinating and fun

But in the situation above, just how can we assume the queen must have passed by to lay those eggs? Let's see...

The Phases of a Bee's Life From Egg to Adulthood

Egg

A quick refresher. The queen spends her life, after her mating flights, laying eggs. She lays around 2,000 per day. The deciding factor as to whether an egg becomes a male or female is based on whether she fertilizes the egg. If she does so, she has laid an egg destined to be a worker or a queen i.e. a female. Otherwise the egg is destined to be a male bee - a drone.

Larvae

The distinction between the two female castes - worker or queen - is made about three days after the transition to larvae i.e. about 6 days after the egg is laid. Workers, drones and queens are all fed royal jelly for their first three days as larvae. That diet is then stopped for both workers and drones. For queens, however, the royal (jelly) treatment is continued. Interestingly, the effect of this is not to "promote" queen-like characteristics, as many assume, but rather to inhibit the development of worker characteristics.

Before the transition to pupa, worker bees will use wax to cap the cell containing the larvae, where it will remain until it emerges as an adult bee.

Pupa

As the pupa stage is reached and progresses, the bee within the capped cell starts taking a more recognizable bee form. Features such as eyes, legs and wings all develop and small hairs cover the bees body.

Adult

Finally, at the appropriate time, the bee will chew its way out from the capped cell. As soon as s/he is free and moving away from the cell, worker bees will clean up the cell and prepare it for the next egg.

The process, roles and efficiency of a bee society at work is amazing!

Differences Between Castes

Despite these commonalities, there are distinct differences between the drone, worker and queen bees as they move towards adulthood. Let's look at these in detail.

With the notable exception of whether the egg is fertilized, an egg is an egg is an egg! All three castes start life as a newly laid egg in a cell and this initial state lasts for three days. Then differences become evident.
Note: The numbers below are typical but can vary based on various conditions and factors.
After the egg has hatched, each caste spends a different amount of time as larvae.

Queens are in the larva state up for 5 1/2 days (till 8 1/2 days after being laid as an egg)

Workers are larvae up to for 6 days (till day 9 from being laid)

Drones spends the longest time as larvae, for 6 1/2 days (till 9 1/2 days from being laid)

The duration of the pupa stage is as follows:

Queens are in the pupa stage for 8 days

Workers are in the pupa stage for 12 days

Drones are in the pupa stage for 14 1/2 days

Add these numbers up and the time from the egg being laid to emergence from the cell as an adult bee is as follows (these are averages and variations do occur):

Curiously, the time when cells are capped by worker bees differs between castes.

Queen cells are capped about a day or so before the transition to pupa, about 7 1/2 days after the egg was laid

Worker cells are capped around the same time as the transition occurs, at about 9 days

Drones cells are capped a little after the transition to pupa has occurred, at about 10 days

Life Expectancy

The overall life expectancy of each caste also differs considerably. Indeed, for workers alone there are wide differences in life expectancy depending on the time of year.

Queen

One of the most important factors effecting the queen's survival is the viability of the colony through the winter months. The winter cluster of worker bees will protect the queen and regulate her temperature, even in the most extreme of conditions outside the hive. However, their success in surviving till the spring depends on a wide range of factors, not least of which is availability of resources (honey) within the hive.

Another very important factor for the queen's lifetime is her viability as an egg-laying machine The colony is constantly checking her output and productivity. In some cases they may decide she is not sufficiently productive - and take steps to replace her!

Worker

The expected lifetime of the worker bee also has some complications. In the summertime, workers bees will effectively work themselves to death, carrying out a large number of roles. If born any time from spring to late fall, workers will typically live around 6 weeks.

However, if a worker is born towards the end of fall or early winter, her role is quite different. These are so-called winter bees and they are charged with helping the queen survive the cold months.

Over this period the worker bee doesn't have the strenuous obligation - or even the option - to forage. For this reason, a worker bee can live up to 4-5 months through the winter.

Drone

Drones get the short straw! As something of a simplification, they have one thing on their mind - sex. They live for the chance to mate with a queen. The very act of mating is their last act and they will die after pulling away from the queen. If they don't mate, they will generally live around 5-7 weeks.

However, another eventuality awaits drones born in late summer.

Aside from the important and essential benefit of genetic diversity, drones really add little value to the colony. They don't forage or help with the production of honey in any way. But they do consume resources.

Workers are accepting of this during the summer, when such resources are abundant. But the idea of a drone being part of the winter cluster is offensive to workers - drones haven't contributed, so why allow them to stick around through the winter?
For this reason, towards the end of fall drones will be evicted by workers, to die outside the hive.
The Rest of the Story

We've focused on the early, pre-adult life of the honey bee. We still have the life of the adult bee to understand if we are going to truly describe the life cycle of the honey bee. That story is just as fascinating, for the specific roles of the drone, queen and worker bees.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
When we look at a single honey bee we see a small, seemingly simple creature. But behind that modest frame is an incredible story. From the very start of its life, the bee has a fascinating journey. In this lesson, we looks at the story of the honey bee, from egg to adult.

# data[].attributes.headline
Additional Information about Honey Bees' Role in the Environment

# data[].attributes.subject
Additional Information about Honey Bees' Role in the Environment

# data[].attributes.body
Linked below is an informational page from the American Beekeeping Federation. This page contains information about bee as pollinators.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Pollination Facts - American Beekeeping Federation

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Each year, American farmers and growers continue to feed more people using less land. They produce an abundance of food that is nutritious and safe. Honey bees are very much a part of this modern agricultural success story. It's estimated that there are about 2.7 million bee colonies in the U.S.

# data[].attributes.body
The honey producing journey begins with gathering pollen and nectar. Honey bees fly as far as two miles away from the hive to gather nectar and pollen from flowers. The honey bee sucks in nectar from the flower and stores it in a separate nectar stomach. Honey bees collect pollen by brushing it from the flower into the pollen baskets on their legs. Once a honey bee has acquired as much pollen and nectar as it can, they fly back to the hive. Honey bees then pass the nectar from mouth to mouth until the moisture content of the substance is reduced. After passing the nectar around by regurgitating it, the honey bees place the processed nectar into honeycomb cells. They then fan their wings on the nectar to evaporate water and create honey. The average water percent change from nectar to honey is seventy to twenty, respectively. Some honey is mixed with pollen to create "bee bread" which is what honey bees in the larvae stage are fed. The rest of the honey is stored within capped honeycomb cells.

"How Bees Make Honey." Australian Honey Bee Industry Council, https://honeybee.org.au/education/wonderful-world-of-honey/how-bees-make-honey/. Accessed 9 Nov. 2018.

The video attached below is another resource you can use to visualize the process of creating honey.

# data[].attributes.body
The three main roles of honey bees in a hive are queen, drone and worker. Queen bees lay all of the eggs in the hive. The queen bee is the longest bee in the hive, and she tends to have a pointier abdomen than worker and drone bees. Drone bees are characterized by larger eyes and lack of a stinger. They also are the widest type of bee. The sole purpose of drone bees is to mate with the queen. Worker bees complete all tasks that are not related to reproduction. These tasks include feeding larvae, preserving honey, making honeycomb, acquiring pollen and nectar, creating and storing honey, removing dead bees, bringing water into the hive, and maintaining the temperature of the hive. The tasks that a worker bee completes varies depending on how old it is.

Hadley, Debbie. "The Roles of Queens, Drones and Worker Honey Bees." ThoughtCo, Sep. 16, 2018, https://www.thoughtco.com/honey-bee-workers-drones-queens-1968099.

Click on the image below to see the three different types of bees.

# data[].attributes.body
What are three physical characteristics of honey bees?

Why do honey bees utilize the hexagon shape when making honeycomb?

What are the three main stages of a honey bee's life?

How do honey bees help humans?

What do honey bees do to turn nectar into honey?

What is the purpose of each type of honey bee (queen, worker, drone)

# data[].attributes.body
How could honey bees evolve to be even more equipped to produce honey and pollinate?

Did honey bees start out utilizing the hexagonal shape for their honeycomb? Or was it more of a trial and error process?

How could one relate stages of a honey bee's life to stages of a human's life?

How would honey bees going extinct affect humans?

How do honey bees know when the nectar has become honey?

Which role in the hive is the most important?

# data[].attributes.headline
Additional Honey Bees Producing Honey Information

# data[].attributes.subject
Additional Honey Bees Producing Honey Information

# data[].attributes.body
Below is another video that shows how bees make honey.

# data[].attributes.headline
Additional Information of the Different Roles of Honey Bees

# data[].attributes.subject
Additional Information of the Different Roles of Honey Bees

# data[].attributes.body
Attached below is a video with more information about the differences between queen, drone, and worker bees.