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The refugees that enter Reynosa are similar to the ones at the Nogáles/Ciudad Juárez borders. They predominantly migrate from Central America and are mostly Roman Catholic. The common ethnicity is Mestizos and most refugees entering Reynosa only arrive with the clothes on their backs/bag with their belongings. The education level is around 80% and their social class is low, most are very poor. The refugees that flee from the dangers of their home town to Reynosa just run into more danger. Most don’t expect that. Gangs run the town and the safety of refugees is a concern. Most refugees that make it to the Reynosa border plan to end up in the US. They want to flee from the dangers of their home towns and have better opportunities for themselves and their families. Most refugees migrate to Reynosa by foot or car. They do need to stop for bag and documentation checks. The US Border Patrol forces them too. With that a common problem is the separation of families which leads onto physical and emotional distress. This theme is also seen throughout the Nogáles and El Paso/Ciudad Juárez borders. Life for refugees in Reynosa is not safe. There are countless gangs and violence is to the max. Headlines of shootings fill the search results when looking up life in Reynosa. Reynosa is a hot spot for illegal refugees to be deported too. The US refugee laws, Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 and Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962 are in support of the refugees. On the other hand, the US border patrol are opposing the refugees as they are the ones deporting all of the illegal refugees back to camps in Reynosa. Due to this most of the refugees that go through Reynosa do not make it successfully to the US.

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General starting point for all refugees migrating up towards the US-Mexican border.

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Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
-https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1951-2000/Immigration-and-Nationality-Act-of-1965/

Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962
-https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?path=/prelim@title22/chapter36&edition=prelim

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The groups migrating to Mexico City are primarily from Nicaragua, Guatemala, Venezuela, Colombia, Honduras, Cuba, Spain, El Salvador, and Argentina. The main motivation for going to Mexico City is to start off their journey to migrate to the United States from Central America. From here, they either go straight to the border (El Paso, Texas, or Ciudad Juárez) or they take a safer route where, along the way, they can receive aid, like food, shelter, and water along the trip. Most are planning to end up in America in order to start a new beginning for their family or themselves. They hope to get jobs, the right to elect someone in office that will help them, and the right to safety as well. The most important hope they have is to stay away from gangs. For women, the gang environment is a bad environment for them, for men, they have two options-enter a gang, or be executed by one. However, the environment is possibly the worst for children. They are heavily recruited, targeted, and threatend by gangs and drugs cartels. Migrants are hoping to bring children away from the violence and poverty and hope to get them a good education in the U.S. Another motivation for leaving is the hope of job opportunities and freedom. Refugees from Central America travel on foot. This is a grueling task. They have to walk for at least 26 days to enter southern Mexico. To enter Southern Mexico, they are at risk of being captured by the Mexico National Guard. According to WOLA, "Mexico dramatically intensified its migration enforcement after the Trump administration threatened to impose tariffs on Mexican goods in June 2019." The National Guard was placed on the Southern Mexico border where Mexico meets Guatemala. If immigrants get past this border, they take a caravan to Mexico City in hopes of being provided shelter and water to continue their journey. They have to walk for 26 days, often without water and food or a place to sleep. A lot of them don't even have shoes to walk in these thorny environments and are constantly in pain because of the jungles they walk through. Local groups in Mexico support these migrants, and in some cases, provide shelter for them. The new presidency has caused there to be more immigrants into Mexico and eventually into the United States. For example, according to the Washington Post, "the 17-year-old Guatemalan migrant heads north through Mexico, he clings to an idea he heard from friends: It's now easier to cross the U.S. border. “They say it’s because President Trump is gone,” he said. A rising number of migrants are streaming to the U.S. southern border — more than 100,000 were detained in February alone." This shows the high chances that immigration is going to keep growing and the immigrants will continue to have better opportunities to get out of their violent countries.

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There is a wide range of groups seeking asylum. This includes Hondurans, Guatemalans, and Nicaraguans. They are mostly Christian. They are in the lower social and economic class, making them very vulnerable. Because they are in the lower economic and social class, their education level is very low. The main motivation is the danger and vulnerability they are in when in Mexico or the other countries they are coming from. Some of the only options these people have are, they can either join a gang, risk getting killed or arrested, or be killed by the gangs running the country. This started ever since gangs ran Mexico. The gangs in Mexico have completely taken control of the cities in Mexico and control the people. If a Mexican citizen doesn't want to join a gang, they risk them or their family being killed by the gang. Citizens of Mexico escape on foot or by car to get on track to the U.S. By passing through Guadalajara, they are able to get a place to rest and also be on track to eventually end up in the U.S. For people that are just settling in Mexico and coming from different countries, Guadalajara is an ideal place to settle. It is less chaotic, less run by gangs, and helps out immigrants/refugees more than most other cities. Most are planning to end up in the United States. They want to go there for many reasons. The first one is the multiple job opportunities that are available in the United States. The current president is more welcoming to them and they understand that. On the other hand, though, others go to Guadalajara with the goal of getting out of their own country and settling there. Those who aren't settling are probably passing through with the end goal of eventually ending up in the U.S. Around 25,000 migrants and refugees are driven from their countries every year by adverse living conditions, economic decline, and violent conflict. They stop at refugee camps on the way in order to get food, water, and rest. Guadalajara is the main place for refugees and migrants to travel to. On the journey, they face many obstacles especially if they are migrating on foot. It is a huge challenge to walk hundreds of miles in the heat, with huge backpacks on their backs. This can cause dehydration or major fatigue. On top of that, families worry about the possibility of separation, or worse, being executed. The mexico/U.S. refugee crisis is still very much relevant. Mexico, more specifically Guadalajara, has become much more welcoming to refugees and immigrants and has continued to help them along their journey.

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The migrating group is made up of central Americans from countries including Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, and Mexico. The main reason they are leaving these countries is that, according to The World, they "are among the most violent and impoverished countries in the Americas, prompting many people to leave in search of a better life." The reason these countries have become so violent is the gangs have fully taken over these countries and turned them into gang-run countries. For example, in El Salvador, 18 people are murdered every day. Many blame this on the infamous drug cartel, MS-13. In the past, the U.S. has helped El Salvador and done all it can to help make it a better and safer place. However, in 2019, the former president of the United States, Donald Trump threatened to cut off aid for these innocent people. With that, the country became even more unsafe because of the loss of financial and physical aid, and El Salvador citizens needed a way out. With the highest death rate in 2021 in the world (82.84), El Salvador people This isn't an isolated case. Honduras, for example, was the second most dangerous country in the world in 2021 with a homicide rate of 56.52 per 100,000 people living there. Even more specifically, women are targeted in Honduras. Every 36 hours, a woman is killed or raped. The main reason people are killed like this is if they refuse to sell drugs for the gangs. Most people are planning to end up in the United States. They want to start a new life for themselves, and in many cases for their families. A constant theme of why they were caused to leave is about the drug cartels and gang violence. In many cases, cartels like MS-13 tell residents to get out of their houses or else they face the risk of being killed. With the current American president, Joe Biden in office, immigrants see the opportunity to enter the country because Democrats, and more specifically Biden, are far more welcoming to immigrants than republicans. For example, Donald Trump (the president before Biden), wanted to build a wall so people coming from Mexico could not enter. The group of immigrants travels by Caravan leaving from Central America into Mexico, then into the U.S. They usually don't make stops on the way to Mazatlán. They want to get out of Central America as soon as possible in order to avoid the risk of any danger due to the government or drug cartels. Once they are in Mazatlán, they receive food, water, and shelter. Some of the immigrants stay in Mazatlán, but most decide to try to migrate to the United States. If they do decide that, there are many obstacles they have to face. First, they have to go through Border Patrol and once they are in the country, they have to find a job and a house to live in. Many immigrants end up homeless and on the streets without a job, due to language barriers or lack of wealth to buy a house. The biggest barrier is when entering the U.S., the fear of families being separated. For most, this journey does not have the best conditions. They are on crammed caravans, which can make it hard to sleep or even just to have some privacy. Most journeys are 5 hours or more in the caravan. This journey is still a very real and present issue. Many people are still making the trip to get out of Central America and into Mazatlán and then America. Recently, with the new administration in the U.S., it has made it easier for immigrants to enter the U.S. and also created fewer barriers for them to enter.

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1001 Chihuahua St, El Paso, TX 79901, USA

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El Paso, TX, United States | Ciudad Juárez, Mexico

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El Paso, TX, United States | Ciudad Juárez, Mexico

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Around 220,000 of the foreign refugees at the El Paso/Ciudad Juárez border have migrated from Mexico. They predominantly migrate from Central America.The refugees in El Paso/Ciudad Juárez have similar backgrounds to the ones in Nogáles and Reynosa. They are typically Roman Catholic, Mestizos, and typically arrive with only the clothes on their back and a small bag with their belongings. A common theme seen throughout is that gang violence, threats, extortion, persecution, and sexual violence is the main reason for why refugees are fleeing their home town. Many people are desperate to flee for their own and family's safety. Most refugees are planning to end up in the US. The US is known as ‘the land of opportunity’ and many refugees at the El Paso/Ciudad Juárez border want that. They want a safer land where they can support themselves and their families. Most refugees traveled by car and foot to reach the El Paso/Ciudad Juárez border. Most to all refugees are stopped at the El Paso/Ciudad Juárez border for bag and documentation checks. When they are forcefully stopped a common difficulty is the separation of families. This leads on to emotional and physical distress which can lead on to more drastic problems. This theme is also seen throughout the Nogáles and Reynosa borders.Life for people at the El Paso/Ciudad Juárez border is unsafe. Ciudad Juárez is one of the most dangerous countries in the world. The murder rate is very high and gangs are all over. The two main refugee laws in the US are the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 and the Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962. Some refugees make it successfully, but some don’t as the US border patrol catches and sends back a lot of illegal refugees that have crossed.

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Most of the refugees migrating to Nogáles are fleeing from Central America. The refugees are typically Roman Catholic as 80-90% of their region is so. Mestizos are the prominent ethnicity at the Nogáles border. The refugee’s typically arrive with only the clothes on their back and a small bag with their belongings. Most arrive not knowing where to get a meal or a shelter. Central America is currently in a refugee crisis. Gang violence, threats, extortion, persecution, and sexual violence are causing hundreds of thousands to flee. Around 500,000 people have fled looking for asylum in safer neighboring countries. Most of the refugees migrating to Nogáles are planning to make it to America. Their hometowns are run by gangs and violent crime is seen on an everyday basis. They want a safer place to live for themselves and their family. Most refugees travel by foot or are driven to Nogáles. All refugees entering Nogáles have to stop at the US/Mexico border. The U.S. Border Patrol forces them to in order to check their bags, documentation, and more. An ongoing problem at the border is the separation of families. Refugees are commonly left emotionally and physically drained due to separation from their loved ones. Nogáles is known as “the invisible refugee camp”. Conditions have been described as precarious limbo. It has been stated that the Nogáles refugee camps were designed to create vulnerability, hardship, and danger. America has two prominent laws in place for refugees. Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 and Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962. The local groups of Nogáles have been said to be dangerous and are opposed to migrating refugees. Most of the journeys end with the refugees being deported back to camps in Nogáles. Unaccompanied children, citizens or nationals of Mexico, individuals processed for expedited removal, individuals in “special circumstances,” including:, individuals with “known physical/mental health issues”, individuals with criminal records or a history of violence are exempt from the deporting (MPP 1.0) process. Most refugees do not make it successfully as Nogáles is a prominent spot where caught illegal refugees get sent back to. The US and/or border patrol is responsible for most of the refugees not making it successfully.