# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Transient orcas roam the open seas and have larger dorsal fins.

# data[].attributes.headline
DNA shows orca whales are evolving more differences

# data[].attributes.subject
DNA shows orca whales are evolving more differences

# data[].attributes.body
DNA analysis is revealing that different orca populations are evolving more differences in their genes and DNA. Resident populations that eat salmon and migrate in the waters near Washington state are more closely related genetically. Transient populations that migrate greater distances in the open seas and primarily eat seals and sea lions have more genetic differences between each other & the resident pod whales. These pods are known as ecotypes. DNA evidence indicates that these whales may be evolving into different species.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
All of Us is a voluntary DNA database sponsored by the National Institute of Health (NIH)

# data[].attributes.headline
All of Us--Helping to Achieve Precision Medicine

# data[].attributes.subject
All of Us--Helping to Achieve Precision Medicine

# data[].attributes.body
The goal of the All of Us program is to improve health care and build a program of precision medicine through DNA research. All of Us is building a diverse genetic database of over a million individuals who voluntarily donate their DNA so that researchers can identify genetic conditions and common genetic trends among cultural, racial and gender groups. The results of the program will inform researchers and physicians on how to better: a) identify risk factors for certain diseases, b) understand which treatments work best for people of different backgrounds, and c) focus on technologies that can help prevent disease and help us live healthier lives. I joined All of Us in 2018.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
A glow in the dark cat bred to fight AIDS

# data[].attributes.body
These genetically engineered cats were apart of an experiment from Gyeongsang National University. In the experiment they inserted GFP into the cat's DNA strand, GFP is a gene found in jellyfish that make them have a fluorescent glow just like the one in the picture. Years prior scientists found out this was a good marker gene so if they inserted it with another gene they could see if it combined. The experiment inserted GFP as well as a gene that prevents AIDS in cats into the unfertilized eggs. The kittens that cam from those trials glowed green, they also had the anti FIV gene through testing. The cats were also able to pass down the gene. Gene editing lets us test the possibility of healthcare, and what we can fix even before birth.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Cows were the first successful mammal cloning in 1996.

# data[].attributes.body
Scientists have been working on ways to bring back extinct species. Through the process, they discovered how to clone animals. The process includes getting a DNA sample from the animal they wish to copy and inserting the DNA into an empty egg cell. The egg cell is then inserted into an adult female animal, which gives birth to an offspring with the same genetic material as the animal the DNA was taken from. This process has been used to clone many animals, like a cow, and they hope to advance this technique to save endangered animals or even bring back extinct species.

# data[].attributes.body
Forensic scientists can use DNA profiles to identify criminals or determine parentage. A DNA profile is like a genetic fingerprint. Every person has a unique DNA profile making it very useful for identifying people involved in a crime. It's most useful when placed alongside other evidence, such as fingerprints, footprints, crime scene examination, and eyewitness accounts. There are databanks for example, in New Zealand, there's a databank of DNA profiles. It contains over 70,000 DNA profiles of convicted offenders and some volunteers. This national databank collection can be matched against DNA profiles collected from unsolved crimes.

# data[].attributes.body
DNA Testing has brought up many benefits in many work fields. Medical and forensic fields seem to be were DNA testing is mainly used. Whether the testing is for paternity tests, disease screening, or law enforcement investigations, they can come with bad things. For some families, it would benefit them to know who their children's father is, however, for someone who has raised a child as their own, it might be difficult to find out it in fact, was not their child. Knowing that you are really likely to have a disease that can be prevented and would completely change your lifestyle. Not everyone is able to make these life changing shifts, which is why some would opt-out of a DNA test that could show said diseases. Although DNA testing has done many wonderful things for criminal cases such as show the true culprit of a crime, it is really easy to tangle and mess with the DNA used for these tests, therefore giving incorrect results.

# data[].attributes.body
You can compare animals from the same species or different species and Molecular clocks are used to determine how closely two species are related by calculating the number of differences between the species’ DNA sequences or amino acid sequences. Molecular evidence for evolution includes that all living things share the same biochemical building blocks.

# data[].attributes.body
DNA paternity tests help to see if a certain person is the father of a child. People use this to gain legal rights to have child custody, or child support. One way to take these paternity tests is by taking blood. The father and the child have to give some blood to the doctor to analyze them in a lab. Another way to do this is by doing cheek swabs. The doctor swabs the inside of the father and the child's cheek to analyze the saliva in a lab, inside the cheek are cheek cells, or buccal cells. Some paternity tests can happen while a woman is pregnant. There are three tests a woman can take while being pregnant: Non Invasive prenatal paternity test (NIPP), Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and Amniocentesis. The test results come out into the lab, or on the hospital's website, results usually take a few days. There are also home paternity test kits that people may use, even though they are a bit costly (60$-200&$).

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Baby sea turtle programmed to make its way to the ocean

# data[].attributes.body
During morning hours, ATV's are sent out onto the beaches to check for sea turtle tracks from mothers who made a nest to lay their eggs. Some tracks are different than other because the species of mother turtles are different. This is due to their DNA coding their appearance to be different. Once they lay their eggs, it takes about 60 days for the baby to form, and once they hatch, their DNA codes them to walk towards the brightest horizon. This is usually the ocean. However, light pollution near beaches causes the baby turtles to become confused and some of them do not make it towards the ocean.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Dolly the Sheep first ever cloned mammal

# data[].attributes.body
Over the last 50 years, scientists have conducted cloning experiments in a wide range of animals using a variety of techniques. It was not until 1996, however, that researchers succeeded in cloning the first mammal from a mature (somatic) cell taken from an adult animal. After 276 attempts, Scottish researchers finally produced Dolly, the lamb from the udder cell of a 6-year-old sheep. In reproductive cloning, researchers remove a mature somatic cell, such as a skin cell, from an animal that they wish to copy. They then transfer the DNA of the donor animal's somatic cell into an egg cell, or oocyte, that has had its own DNA-containing nucleus removed.

# data[].attributes.body
Paternity tests require the DNA of the child and the possible father. They then match that DNA in a lab to see who the father is.

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
A species of Mammoth that specifically adapted to the chilly conditions of the ice ages.

# data[].attributes.headline
DNA from over 1 million years ago shows the genetic change in Mammoths

# data[].attributes.subject
DNA from over 1 million years ago shows the genetic change in Mammoths

# data[].attributes.body
The oldest DNA was ever recovered in a animal was found in mammoth. This dating back to there survival over 1 million years ago and revealing the genetic changes for there survival during the ice ages. Scientist analyzed the molars of two mammoth fossils found in Siberia. In the DNA they found that these two mammoths were already adapting to the conditions of the ice age when they passed. This then changed the entire view on mammoth history and added new chapters to there past. This discovery connected some of the puzzle pieces of another hybrid woolly mammoth. Without the DNA of these two mammoths we might have never saw the change of the mammoth species.

# data[].attributes.body
The DNA pros of genetic testing can help you know more about your health or any diseases you may have, it is less expensive than genetic testing with a healthcare provider. Your results are anonymous and are available quickly and it doesn't require approval from a health company or provider. The DNA cons the testing can give you are unexpected information or having misunderstood information from the test. The tests aren’t always correct and sometimes they might need a look from a professional and they only give you partial information about your health.

# data[].attributes.body
When searching a crime scene there are many different ways to find DNA. The most popular being blood, skin, saliva, and sweat. However almost any other substance secreted by the human body can be used. Once the DNA is found the forensic scientists use them to match or eliminate suspects of the crime.

# data[].attributes.body
DNA paternity testing is used to figure out whether a man is or not the father of a child. Today the best known test is called the ABO system. It works by taking a blood sample, and looking at the antigens in the blood. This is so that they can find if the father's blood type is similar to the child's. For example a man that has type AB blood, cannot be the father of a child that has type O blood. This is because he would pass on the A allele or the b allele or sometimes both. At the beginning paternity testing wasn't very trusted and accepted, by then it was only 40% effective. Now it's about 100% effective. Not only has the effectiveness been improved over time, but it has also opened various methods of paternity testing. Now paternity testing has become more precise and is much more available.

# data[].attributes.headline
The role of DNA testing in the justice system

# data[].attributes.subject
The role of DNA testing in the justice system

# data[].attributes.body
The role of DNA testing in the justice system is to find out who the criminal is at a crime by the DNA they left behind. DNA samples are fragile and can degrade over time, which can lead to errors during the sequencing process, especially if the amount of sample material is small. Inconsistent methods for interpreting DNA sequencing data, especially that of DNA mixtures, leads to inconsistent verdicts on the identities of DNA donors.

-Sarah Duran

# data[].attributes.body
They're currently gene therapy organizations that can be used on organs. These organizations can use cellular regeneration, gene therapy, precision therapy, and more. Although these treatments are meant to help their patients, patients can receive bad genes and can cause more serious problems, or worsen problems.

# data[].attributes.body
When participating in athletic sports, recovery can be as important as both training and nutrition. DNA is able to show risk for systemic inflammation (when the inmune system is constantly defending the body) which is not visible in the human body and can worsen sports performance with improper recovery. People who usually have a slow metabolism wtih caffeine tend to experience negative effects in their performance prior to working out.

# data[].attributes.body
There are many issues in people's DNA now a days. Editing the genes that cause negative impacts to their bodies would make many lives much better. For example if the gene that causes Down Syndrome was edited, it could be mostly cured.