# data[].attributes.headline
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) for real-time applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints

# data[].attributes.subject
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) for real-time applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints

# data[].attributes.headline
Applications of Real Time Operating SystemReal-time systems are used in:Airlines reservation system.Air traffic control system.Systems that provide immediate updating.Used in any system that provides up to date and minute information on stock prices.Defense application systems like RADAR.Networked Multimedia SystemsCommand Control SystemsInternet TelephonyAnti-lock Brake SystemsHeart Pacemaker

# data[].attributes.subject
Applications of Real Time Operating SystemReal-time systems are used in:Airlines reservation system.Air traffic control system.Systems that provide immediate updating.Used in any system that provides up to date and minute information on stock prices.Defense application systems like RADAR.Networked Multimedia SystemsCommand Control SystemsInternet TelephonyAnti-lock Brake SystemsHeart Pacemaker

# data[].attributes.body
Multitasking, in an operating system, is allowing a user to perform more than one computer task (such as the operation of an application program) at a time. The operating system is able to keep track of where you are in these tasks and go from one to the other without losing information.

# data[].attributes.headline
A distributed operating system is system software over a collection of independent, networked, communicating, and physically separate computational nodes. They handle jobs that are serviced by multiple CPUs. Each individual node holds a specific software subset of the global aggregate operating system.

# data[].attributes.subject
A distributed operating system is system software over a collection of independent, networked, communicating, and physically separate computational nodes. They handle jobs that are serviced by multiple CPUs. Each individual node holds a specific software subset of the global aggregate operating system.

# data[].attributes.body
The users who use a batch operating system do not interact with the computer directly. Each user prepares its job on an off-line device like punch cards and submits it to the computer operator. To speed up the processing, jobs with similar needs are batched together and run as a group. The programmers exit their programs with the operator and the operator then sorts the programs with similar requirements into batches.

# data[].attributes.body
It is an extension of the network OS that supports higher levels of communication and integration of the machines on the network.

# data[].attributes.headline
Disadvantages of RTOSHere, are drawbacks/cons of using RTOS system:RTOS system can run minimal tasks together, and it concentrates only on those applications which contain an error so that it can avoid them.RTOS is the system that concentrates on a few tasks. Therefore, it is really hard for these systems to do multi-tasking.Specific drivers are required for the RTOS so that it can offer fast response time to interrupt signals, which helps to maintain its speed.Plenty of resources are used by RTOS, which makes this system expensive.The tasks which have a low priority need to wait for a long time as the RTOS maintains the accuracy of the program, which are under execution.Minimum switching of tasks is done in Real time operating systems.It uses complex algorithms which is difficult to understand.RTOS uses lot of resources, which sometimes not suitable for the system.

# data[].attributes.subject
Disadvantages of RTOSHere, are drawbacks/cons of using RTOS system:RTOS system can run minimal tasks together, and it concentrates only on those applications which contain an error so that it can avoid them.RTOS is the system that concentrates on a few tasks. Therefore, it is really hard for these systems to do multi-tasking.Specific drivers are required for the RTOS so that it can offer fast response time to interrupt signals, which helps to maintain its speed.Plenty of resources are used by RTOS, which makes this system expensive.The tasks which have a low priority need to wait for a long time as the RTOS maintains the accuracy of the program, which are under execution.Minimum switching of tasks is done in Real time operating systems.It uses complex algorithms which is difficult to understand.RTOS uses lot of resources, which sometimes not suitable for the system.

# data[].attributes.body
1) Batch Operating System

There is no direct interaction of this operating system with the computer.

There is an individual operator which takes similar kind of jobs having the same needs and requirements and then group them into different batches. It is the work of the operator to sort the jobs with the same requirements.

Advantages:

Processors of the batch systems are aware of the time duration of the job even when it is present in the queue.

Batch systems can be shared by multiple users.

There I very less idle time of the batch system.

It enables us to manage the efficiently large load of work.

Disadvantages:

It is very difficult to debug the batch systems

It proves to be costly sometimes

If any job fails, then it is difficult to predict the time

There is a lack of interaction between the user and the job

It is difficult to provide the desired priority

Examples:

Payrolls Systems, Banks Statement etc.

# data[].attributes.body
A network operating system is an operating system designed for the sole purpose of supporting workstations, database sharing, application sharing and file and printer access sharing among multiple computers in a network.

# data[].attributes.headline
Advantages: Give more performance than a single system; If one PC in distributed system malfunctions or corrupts then another node or PC will take care of; Resources like printers can be shared on multiple PCs.

# data[].attributes.subject
Advantages: Give more performance than a single system; If one PC in distributed system malfunctions or corrupts then another node or PC will take care of; Resources like printers can be shared on multiple PCs.

# data[].attributes.headline
There are two basic types of network operating systems, the peer-to-peer NOS and the client/server NOS

# data[].attributes.subject
There are two basic types of network operating systems, the peer-to-peer NOS and the client/server NOS

# data[].attributes.headline
Advantages:                                                     Maximum Consumption: – RTOS give maximum consumption of the system and gives us more output while using all the resources and keeping all devices active.                                                      Task Shifting: – There is very little time assigned to shifting tasks in these systems.                     Error Free: – RTOS is error free that mean it has no chances of error in performing tasks.            24-7 systems: – RTOS can be best used for any applications which run 24 hours and 7 days because it do less task shifting and give maximum output.

# data[].attributes.subject
Advantages:                                                     Maximum Consumption: – RTOS give maximum consumption of the system and gives us more output while using all the resources and keeping all devices active.                                                      Task Shifting: – There is very little time assigned to shifting tasks in these systems.                     Error Free: – RTOS is error free that mean it has no chances of error in performing tasks.            24-7 systems: – RTOS can be best used for any applications which run 24 hours and 7 days because it do less task shifting and give maximum output.

# data[].attributes.headline
Advantages of a Multi-Task Operating System:

# data[].attributes.subject
Advantages of a Multi-Task Operating System:

# data[].attributes.body
Timesharing.

Handles multiple Users.

Protected memory.

Efficient virtual memory.

Programs can run in the background.

Increases reliability in the system.

User can make use of multiple programs and computer resources.

Process allocation.

# data[].attributes.body
Examples of the real-time operating systems: Airline traffic control systems, Command Control Systems, Airlines reservation system, Heart Peacemaker, Network Multimedia Systems, Robot etc.

# data[].attributes.body
Peer-to-peer network operating systems allow users to share network resources saved in a common, accessible network location. In this architecture, all devices are treated equally in terms of functionality. Peer-to-peer usually works best for small to medium LANs and is cheaper to set up.

# data[].attributes.headline
Disadvantages: Security problem due to sharing; Some messages can be lost in the network system; Bandwidth is another problem if there is large data then all network wires to be replaced which tends to become expensive; Overloading.

# data[].attributes.subject
Disadvantages: Security problem due to sharing; Some messages can be lost in the network system; Bandwidth is another problem if there is large data then all network wires to be replaced which tends to become expensive; Overloading.

# data[].attributes.body
Client/server network operating systems provide users with access to resources through a server. In this architecture, all functions and applications are unified under one file server that can be used to execute individual client actions regardless of physical location. Client/server tends to be most expensive to implement and requires a large amount of technical maintenance. An advantage to the client/server model is that the network is controlled centrally, makes changes or additions to technology easier to incorporate.

# data[].attributes.body
Highly stable centralized servers
Security concerns are handled through servers
New technologies and hardware up-gradation are easily integrated into the system
Server access is possible remotely from different locations and types of systems

# data[].attributes.headline
Disadvantages of Network Operating System

# data[].attributes.subject
Disadvantages of Network Operating System

# data[].attributes.body
Servers are costly
User has to depend on a central location for most operations
Maintenance and updates are required regularly

# data[].attributes.body
1 Sharing of resources.

2 Reliability.
more reliable than a central system because if a system has only one instance of some critical component, such as a CPU, disk, or network interface, and that component fails, the system will go down.

3 Communication.
A distributed system is a set of computers that communicate and collaborate each other using software and hardware interconnecting components.

4 Computation speedup
A distributed operating system manages the system shared resources used by multiple processes, the process scheduling activity, the communication and synchronization between running processes and so on.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Memory Boundation- Computer can get slow performance, due to run multiple programs at a same time because main memory gets more load while loading multiple programs.
2.Processor Boundation- Computer can run programs slowly due to slow speed of their processors, and its response time can increase while handling multiple programs.
3.CPU Heat up- Multiple processors become busier at a time for executing any task in multitasking nature, So CPU produces more heat.

# data[].attributes.headline
Where Multitasking OS could be implemented

# data[].attributes.subject
Where Multitasking OS could be implemented

# data[].attributes.body
Microsoft Windows 2000, IBM's OS/390, and Linux are examples of operating systems that can do multitasking (almost all of today's operating systems can). When you open your Web browser and then open Word at the same time, you are causing the operating system to do multitasking.

# data[].attributes.body
Examples of Batch based Operating System: Payroll System, Bank Statements, etc. Each task is given some time to execute so that all the tasks work smoothly. Each user gets the time of CPU as they use a single system. These systems are also known as Multitasking Systems.

# data[].attributes.body
Distributed computing
- allows different users or computers to share information.
- can allow an application on one machine to leverage processing power, memory, or storage on another machine.
- it is a computing environment in which various components are spread across multiple computers on a network.
- these devices split up the work, coordinating their efforts to complete the job more efficiently than if a single device had been responsible for the task.