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In order to complete this activity, photos were taken at the National Museum and Art Gallery. The collection chosen was tools and this can help in determining many characteristics of our Caribbean history.

The tools gathered were from the Amerindian society which could speak to civilization as in history the Amerindians were seen as a primitive group when compared to the Europeans. This could tie in to ethnocentrism as the Europeans believed they were better than the Amerindians as they were more advanced and from history we can see that the Europeans forced their culture and practices on to the Amerindians in terms of teaching them the religion of Christianity and trying to educate the group.

In terms of defining the Caribbean region, the tools collected could speak to where certain groups settled in the region. Even though the tools were from the Amerindians, there were two different groups who inhabited the Caribbean territories. The Amerindians were divided into two groups known as the Tainos and the Kalinagos and their way of life differed. The Kalinagos settled in the Lesser Antilles and were a more tool oriented group as they focused on a lot of hunting and they were also violent when compared to the Tainos who settled in the Greater Antilles and had more tools and weapons.

The Amerindians played a major role in forming Caribbean society and there are still Amerindians present in the region to this day. The collection of artifacts from this group helps to preserve their history as the group was almost decimated by the Europeans in the past.

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Photos at the National Museum and Art Gallery 

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Photos at the National Museum and Art Gallery 

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Photos at the National Museum and Art Gallery 

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Photos at the National Museum and Art Gallery 

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Photos at the National Museum and Art Gallery

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Photos at the National Museum and Art Gallery

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While history states that Christopher Columbus discovered the Caribbean region, there are many who disagree and instead say he "rediscovered" the region. The purpose of Columbus' voyage was to find a route to the Orient which was located in the east, as he was in search of the three Gs, that is, God, Gold and Glory. His ships however ended up in the Caribbean which was located in the west, thus giving the region its name:The West Indies. Upon reaching, the land was inhabited by the Amerindians. The Amerindians came from mainland America and there were two groups, the Tainos who settled in the Greater Antilles and the Kalinagos who settled in the Lesser Antilles. As these groups had already settled throughout the Caribbean, then it could be said they were the ones who discovered the Caribbean region.
According to the Cambridge dictionary, primitive can be defined as "relating to human society at a very early stage of development, with people living in a simple way without machines or a writing system". In terms of this definition, the Amerindians can be seen as a primitive group in comparison to the Europeans who could read and write and had more advanced tools and weapons just to name a few differences. The Europeans believed that the Amerindians were truly a primitive group and that they were better and advanced (the Europeans). As a result, the Europeans forced their values and practices on the Amerindians such as Christianity as well as teaching them the English language. The exploitation of the Amerindians later on led to the genocide of the group for a plethora of reasons such as disease, overwork and hunting the group for sport.

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After the genocide of the Amerindian group, the Europeans needed another source of labour and turned to white bonded labour. This labour group consisted of low class whites from Europe as well as prisoners. This group was not efficient and they were very small in number so the Europeans needed a permanent labour source and turned to West Africa for slaves. Slaves were brought in and put to work in the fields as well as great houses which was similar to the work performed by the white bonded labour. What made these two groups different was the treatment received. While the white bonded labour faced harsh conditions, they did not compare to that of the slaves as they were constantly beaten, ill-treated and malnourished. So while both groups were expected to do the same work, treatment differed drastically as the slaves suffered immensely.

In West Africa, men would become slaves as a form of punishment, to pay off debts and prisoners of war. Slavery in West Africa differed from chattel slavery in the Caribbean region in terms of the way the slaves were treated. The Europeans would brutally harm, torture and barely feed their slaves in the Caribbean while in West Africa, slaves were well fed and treated. Another difference was the Europeans captured and even bought hundreds of thousands of slaves to be brought into the region while slavery in West Africa was on a much smaller scale.

To some extent, skin colour did provide some benefit to the Caribbean slave society. Even though the Europeans would enslave their own (white bonded labour), they were treated much better than the African slaves who were treated poorly as they were seen as property rather than human beings like the white bonded labourers.

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The Emancipation Act was established in 1833 and came into effect on August 1, 1834. While adults were not free, children under the age of six were free and were no longer property of the Europeans. In order to prepare the slaves for life after freedom, apprenticeship was established.

The purpose of apprenticeship was to allow the former slaves to learn trades that would be useful to them once they were free. Apprenticeship for the former slaves was suppose to be a period of eight years until they were freed by planters. They continued to work on the plantations for three quarters of their time and were given the rest of time to do their own work and in return received a small wage.

Apprenticeship was slightly different from slavery as the Africans were still beaten, punished and poorly treated. This was because with the passing of the 1833 Act, the slaves believed that they were free but soon came to learn that this was not the case and they started to damage as well as sabotage plantation property which was the same thing that they would do under slavery. The Africans may not have been enslaved anymore but they still were not free and were being treated under the same conditions of slavery, just receiving a small wage in return for the cruel punishment and torture they received during the apprenticeship period.

Britain was aware of the cruel punishments that the Africans would receive and decided to appoint special magistrates to listen to the complaints of both the planters and the Africans. While they believed this would help the Africans, this was not the case as the special magistrates would often side with the planters, so with apprenticeship, the Africans were just as helpless as they were during slavery.

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Mohammed, Jeniffer Anne. Caribbean Studies for CAPE EXAMINATIONS . 2nd ed., Macmillan Education.

“PortCities Bristol.” Slavery in Africa | Enslaved Africans | Enslaved People | The People Involved | Bristol and Transatlantic Slavery | PortCities Bristol, www.discoveringbristol.org.uk/slavery/people-involved/enslaved-people/enslaved-africans/africa-slavery/.

“PortCities Bristol.” The End of Slavery | Apprenticeship: Slavery by Another Name? | Freedom from Slavery | Against Slavery | Bristol and Transatlantic Slavery | PortCities Bristol,
www.discoveringbristol.org.uk/slavery/against-slavery/freedom-from-slavery/apprenticeship/slavery-end/.

46. THE APPRENTICESHIP PERIOD, www.guyana.org/features/guyanastory/chapter46.html.

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THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES

Undergraduate Coursework Accountability Statement (To be completed by student)

ACADEMIC YEAR:             2017-2018                            SEMESTER:         II

COURSE CODE:                  FOUN 1101                         TITLE:                   Caribbean Civilisation

NAME: KHALEYAH RAMROOP-RILEY                       ID: 816007574

1.            I hereby certify that I am the author of the attached item of coursework and that all materials from reference sources have been properly acknowledged.

2.            I understand what plagiarism is and what penalties may be imposed on students found guilty of plagiarism.

3.            I certify that this paper contains no plagiarised material.

4.            I certify that this is my own work and that I did not receive any unfair assistance from others (including unauthorized collaboration) in its preparation.

5.            I certify that this paper has not previously been submitted either in its entirety or in part within the UWI system or to any other educational institution.

6.            In the case of group work:

a.            I certify that the individual work of each member of the group has been clearly indicated;

b.            that where no such indication has been given, I take the responsibility for the work as if it were the section of the paper for which I am solely responsible; and

c.             that I have not collaborated with any members of the group to breach the University’s regulations.

Signature: Khaleyah Ramroop-Riley

Date: 2nd March