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How is a species defined?

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How do we observe similarities and differences in living things?

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threre are living things that lived in the past that do not live today

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if trait differences do not affect reproductive success, then NS will not favor one trait over others

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Ecosystems are dynamic in nature; their characteristics can vary over time. Disruptions to any physical or biological component of an ecosystem can lead to shifts in all its populations

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In any ecosystem, organisms and populations with similar requirements for food, water, oxygen, or other resources may compete with each other for limited resources, access to which consequently constrains their growth and reproduction

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Genetic Variation in a species results in a population with a range of traits

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not all types of organisms that have existed in the past have left fossils that can be retrieved

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fossils are mineral replacements, preserved remains, or traces of organisms that lived in the past

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shared characteristics in species come from the inheritance of similar characteristics from common ancestors

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sudden changes in the environment can also lead to extinction of some species

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natural selection can act more rapidly after sudden changes in the environment

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evolution occurs as natural selection acts on trait variation in a population over multiple generations. It is happening today as it has happened throughout Earht's history

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adaptations can lead to the development of separate species in separated populations

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the distribution of traits in a population can change as environments change

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variation of genetically determined traits in a population may give some members a reproductive advantage in a given environment

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There are similarities in the fundamental characteristics of species

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Diversity in species leads to diversity of life across species through descent with adaptive modification

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Inheritance and variation of traits are the mechanism of diversity and unity in life

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Adaptation by natural selection acting over generations is one important process by which species change over time in response to changes in environmental conditions. Traits that support successful survival and reproduction in the new environment become more common; those that do not become less common. Thus, the distribution of traits in a population changes.

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Natural selection leads to the predominance of certain traits in a population, and the suppression of others.

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Comparison of the embryological development of different species also reveals similarities that show relationships not evidence in the fully formed anatomy

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Anatomical similarities and differences between various organisms living today and between them and organisms in the fossil record, enable the reconstruction of evolutionary history and the inference of lines of evolutionary descent

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Use mathematical representations to support explanations of how natural selection may lead to increases and decreases of specific traits in populations over time.

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Construct an explanation based on evidence that describes how genetic variations of traits in a population increasesome individuals’ probability of surviving and reproducing in a specific environment

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The collection of fossils and their placement in chronological order (e.g., through the location of the sedimentary layers in which they are found or through radioactive dating) is known as the fossil record. The fossil record documents the existence, diversity, extinction, and change of many life forms throughout the history of life on Earth

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Analyze displays of pictorial data to compare patterns of similarities in the embryological development across multiple species to identify relationships not evident in the fully formed anatomy.

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Apply scientific ideas to construct an explanation for the anatomical similarities and differences among modern organisms and between modern and fossil organisms to infer evolutionary relationships.

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Analyze and interpret data for patterns in the fossil record that document the existence, diversity, extinction, and change of life forms throughout the history of life on Earth under the assumption that natural laws operate today as in the past.

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Genes code for proteins, which in turn determine the traits of the individual

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Why don't all living things leave fossils?
Why is the fossil record incomplete?

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What has caused environments to change throughout Earth's history?

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What does it mean for a species to be related?
How far back in time can we trace common traits?

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What makes some traits more beneficial for an environment?

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How does the distribution change ?

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What factors affect the rate at which natural selection and evolution happen?

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Why can't all species adapt to a changing environment?