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Javaid, A. (2017). In The Shadows: Making Sense of Gay Male Rape Victims’ Silence, Suffering,. International Journal of Sexual Health, 279-291.

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Merica, D. (2018, May 10). Women detail sexual allegations against Trump. Retrieved from CNN Politics: https://edition.cnn.com/2017/12/11/politics/donald-trump-women-allegations/index.html

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Whilst researching Gender in legal sectors I found an article frond News.com.au's Cat Woods who write about the burn out that women are experiencing in law firms in Australia. in the article Woods outlines that although women are outnumbering men in the industry and the number of women in leadership roles has doubled but this is still not a true representation of the percent of women in the workforce. Woods uses the figures of 60% of the solicitors are female but only 30% of barristers are female. If there was a true representation of women in the workforce both of these statistics should be similar. Woods argues that this is potentially due to the idea of legal practice being a 'boys club' and backs up her theories with some evidence from women in the profession. One women talks about the idea of women competing against each other due to the dog eat dog nature of the profession which cases higher stress and eventually lead to one women's mental health declining. Whether the idea of a boys club is relevant or not i find the idea that women fighting against other women in what was a male dominated and structured world an interesting concept. If the framework for the job fits masculine lifestyles and ideals it would then be much harder for anyone that doesn't work within these bounds to progress effectively.

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There is clear evidence and statistics of male same sex intimate partner violence but when it comes to finding evidence about same sex female IPV it becomes harder. I found this very interesting as you would think that with the rise in statistics and understanding of one the other would share the same amount of attention. I'm not sure if I am simple searching in the wrong areas but to me it should be just as relevant. It interests me as to why this is. Male IPV has slowly come into the limelight but wasn't noticed for a time as well because people failed to consider male homosexual violence due to societal views of men being the victim. I believe it is a similar phenomenon that is effecting female same sex victims as society potentially can not comprehend the idea that women would be the aggressor due to their expected feminine nature. I think this uneven nature of study needs to be addressed to better understand same sex intimate partner violence and to avoid the sexualisation of the violence as depicted in the linked photo.

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In legal professions there is less of a disparity when compared to policing. This seems to be a representation of the line of work that both represent, one being more based on physical ability and the other being based on intelligence. There has been long debate over this but regardless the percentage of women in the police force should be representative of the number of women in commanding roles. This is not true and relate to what I've written about women in the legal professions but there is a higher disparity in policing. When looking at the criminal justice system women offer wider perspective and is some areas are more suited. I believe that this is slowly being understood and the changes will soon be more evident.

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Often feminism is given a bad name online with people labeling feminist SJW's (social justice warriors) and snow flakes due to the slandering of anti feminists and the ignorant. In saying this there are definitely feminist that take it too far but i believe that you will find this in any any movement of its kind. Before this unit the impact of feminism on broader life, especially criminology, had alluded my attention. The imence change the third wave feminism has bought to men amazes me and highlights the need for all perspectives to be explored when studying criminology or any other subject as it gives scope and perspective. The fact the feminisim can be linked to the change in societies attitudes towards gender and sexuality provides ample evidence of what can be achieved with a broader vision.

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Due to the ideas of masculinity outlined in many studies (Connell, 1995) males have seen a  distinct difference in the reporting of rape when compared to women (Javaid, 2017). There is clear evidence that there is a higher stigma against men when reporting rape and an even higher stigma for gay men. Stories of homosexual rape are eye opening and i defiantly learnt a lot about its prevalence and the similarities and differences when compared to heterosexual male rape. Similar to the societal view of family/domestic violence homosexual male rape should be considered more as it is a growing statistic. Aliraza Javaid (2017) outlines the need for future research directions to abolish the "particular gendered and sexualized beliefs and norms"

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For a long time television shows and movies about police have been dominated but male leads and have a rare focus on women. Brooklyn Nine-Nine goes agaisnt this trend. The main cast consists of nine main character three of which are women. Although this is not a large percentage the roles that these women play are strong and catch a lot of screen time. Melissa Fumero's character Amy Santiago is the most ambitious detective on the force, Stephanie Beatriz's character Rosa Diaz can only be described as 'Badass' and, last but definitely not least, is Chelsea Peretti's character who is potentially the smartest of the whole precinct. SBS writer

Jayden Masciulli has written a whole article on Rosa Diaz and how she is a role model for young women and Allyson Johnson, an online writer for The Mary Sue, praise the progressive nature of the show because as well as strong women the show the show includes two black men one of which is gay. The show often uses its diverse nature to raise points about discrimination. With a changing society, I hope, more diverse representations of people with be displayed in TV series and movies and through this changing attitudes to gender in the criminal justice system.

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The image of family violence can and is often seen as male perpetrators and female victims. I have learnt more through this unit and it isn't as black and white as it may seem. Australian statistics do show that men are the main perpetrators of family violence but statistics show that males are victims a significant amount. The 1 In 3 campaign raises awareness for the growing number of male victims and the organisations name is the representation of male and female victims of family crime in Australia respectively.  Jane Mulroney and Carrie Chan (2005) outline that family violence towards males and females is inherently different and therefore requires different approaches in treatment. Below is a video from Q&A which at, at 59:01, a question about men as victims is asked and Simon Santosha, Counsellor for Men and Families, and   Natasha Stott Despoja, Ambassador for Women and Girls answer with an overarching motive of  tailored programs and approaches towards solving family violence.

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In the lead up to Donald Trumps Election the media was in a frenzy about some of the things that he was saying and doing esspecially in regards to women. His more recent scandal of allegations of an involvement with known adult film actor Stormy Daniels really stresses the point of the affect that one person who holds so much power can have on societal norms in regards inter-gender speech and actions. I believe that the picture depicting trump behind bars is the view of some people. The way he has acted before and during his presidency raises questions of what is wrong and right in society in regard to the treatment of women. A report by CNN Politics writer Dan Merica details allegations from fifteen women of sexual harassment and assault against Donald Trump. There have been mass protests against the American President in America and other coutries including Australia. Many Celebrities have spoken out against him (Harper's Bazzar) and this is has an effect on women who suffer form gendered violence, Anastasia Powell and Kim Webster (2016) write " In this way the attitudes of influential members of the community may directly bear on a victim who discloses violence, and the extent to which she is believed and supported". Due to the rise in support against Trump's action and the fact that it is being brought to the attention of the media, who play a vital role in societal norms, a positive change could be achieved with the expression of western culture denouncing assault and harassment of women.

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I remember when is was younger that the idea of metrosexuality was
constantly being placed on males that dressed in a more feminine way. Now reflecting on this and the idea of metrosexul men I can draw a link between the changes in males attitudes towards fashion and sexuality. Helene Shugart (2008) has outlined this idea of metrosexuality as a vital stage of the changing attitudes of society as it softens norms so that they may be remoulded into more accepting and inclusive social ideals. This, I feel, directly links with the changes that Eric Anderson talks about in the linked video and the idea of metrosexuality was a precursor to inclusive masculinity.

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In readings about hegemonic masculinity I found the term inclusive masculinity. Inclusive masculinity is the idea of males that display the majority of hegemonic traits except some or all of the discriminatory traits. The idea of this, I found, creates somewhat of an oxymoron with hegemony being the leading and ruling social and political class and at the time of Connell's (Gender and Power, 1987; Masculinities, 1995) conception of the idea of hegemony it was. Due to changing times, it seems that hegemonic males no longer fit the definition of hegemony with inclusive masculinity being a more widespread accepted ideology in western culture and drawing attention to the oppression of subordinate masculinities and and femininity. Professor Eric Anderson's lecture at the University of Glasgow explains the interactions between hegemonic and inclusive masculinity and his theories.

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Prof Eric Anderson Maurice Bloch Seminar