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In 1902, the US went to war with Spain and won. Spain gave up Cuba, and the US essentially took it over. The new Cuban Constitution came with the Platt Amendment, which allowed the US to interfere with Cuban affairs. Cuba became dependant on the US, and its politics were very corrupt. In 1952, Batista sized power in Cuba with force. He was close to the US, so the US didn't try and kick him out of power. However, hating the poor conditions of the Cuba people and other things, Castro tried to overthrow Batista. After a failed uprising, he was exiled to Mexico. There, he gained some strength, then went back to Cuba. It almost failed, but Castro's forces held strong. He and his cause slowly gained strength, while Batista was loosing strength. By 1959, Batista fled to the US, and Castro came into power in Cuba.

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*The living conditions under Batista were poor. Castro promised those in lower classes (where guerrilla war was occurring) to support him, so that he can over throw Batista. He promised to restore and help them when he gained control.
*While a new gov. was made in 1959, Castro was the one with real  power.
*A dual power situation occured in 1959; Castro and the Office of the Revolutionary Plans and Coordination help power at the same time as the cabinet. However, after gaining more power, Castro finally forced the president to resign and replaced him with one with more support for Castro's views. Other areas of politics were filled with pro-Castro people.
*Castro's hold of Cuba was strong, but was weakned by late 1960s and beyond. After that, he still had stable gov., but not as much control over it.

*Those against Castro demonstrated. In October 1959, governor Huber Matos, resigned in protest of Castro and communism. After the Bay of Pigs Invasion failed in 1961, those against Castro's regime were arrested. Between 1960 and 1966, armed conflict broke out to counter Castro's control. However, by 1966, almost all opponents to Castro were defeated.
*After the defeat of counter-revolutionaries in the Bay of Pigs Invasion and armed conflict in Cuba, those who still opposed Castro were seen as traitors by most other Cubans.
*By mid 1960s, Castro had eliminated most serious opposition. Afterward, he used more relaxed approaches to tackle opposition.
*Others that still opposed Castro's rule were forced to leave. Hundreds of thousands of Cubans fled to the US after Castro issued more communist policies.
*Castro also used propagnada to hold power. His charisma won over a lot of people, and he was seen as an idol to a lot of Cubans. He made long speeches and even talked over the radio about the aims of the revolution.

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Economic:
*The Agrarian Reform Acts between 1959 and 1963 allowed Castro to nationalize farmland in Cuba. Most of the land once owned by companies (most from the US) was taken by the gov., and shared among the farmers and workers. Those who worked the land were allowed to keep some of their crop, the rest would be given to the gov to be sold later. As a result, the pay for most farmers increased, but it also angered the US after the nationalization of land.
Social:
*Education became a key part Castro tackled. Before the revolution, the literacy rate in Cuba was terribly low. After Batista left, Castro started to take action to improve it. Schools were opened in the 1960s, teachers were hired to help teach others to read and write. Even adults got the opportunity to learn how to read and write. By the 1970s, the literacy rate had increased significantly.
*Health was also affected. A lot of doctors left Cuba after Batista left (and communism started to take over), leaving Cuba with a shortage of doctors. To counter this, Castro made healthcare equal to everyone. By 1963, Castro increased the amount of doctors, built 42 hospitals and 122 rural centers in Cuba. The mortality rate in Cuba dropped to 18.5 per 1000 people.
*Women were also given more benefits. Under Castro, they were encouraged to work, pay was made equal and it was against the law to discriminate against women. Women were also allowed to divorce easier.
Political:
*Cuba became enemies with the US because of their actions. The communist ideology of Castro and nationalization of land in Cuba made the US hate Castro. The US even tried to kick Castro out with the Bay of Pigs Invasion and other things, but those failed. As a result, Cuban and US bonds were broken, and both distrusted each other.
*Castro turned to the USSR for help when the US began to make moves. Castro persuaded the USSR to lend supplies to Cuba. Ties between Cuba and the USSR increased (the USSR saw Cuba as an asset against the US). Castro went as far was to receive nuclear missiles to defend Cuba against the US, which resulted in the Cuban missile crisis and more deterioration of US-Cuban relations.

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Economic:

1. Between March and October of 1933, 12 billion Reichsmarks of farmer debt was suspended, as high tariffs were put on foods imported into Germany.

2. There was an “guns and butter” issue in Germany. Hitler trying to improve the lives of people while also rearming Germany was difficult; at times he had to sacrifice one for the other.

3. To help unemployment, a law was passed in June 1933. The law provided: gov. Spending on public work schemes, subsidies to private construction, cut back on income tax, construction of the autobahn, increase in rearmament, etc.

4. Unemployment went from 6 million in 1933 to 200,000 in 1939.

5. The Four Year Plan was made in 1936 to help rearm Germany and improve its economy. Hitler did this in direct violation to the Treaty of Versailles.

6. However, there was no coherent economic policy under Nazi Germany.

Social:

1. The Nazi Party’s idiology was to create a “national community.” Where people worked to help each other and bolster the greater good of the nation.

2. The “Volk” (people) of the nation were to be pure Aryans; pure German bloodline.

3. Hitler had some issues with the Protestant and Catholic Churches in Germany.

4. In May 1933, the Reich Church was set up with the help of German Christians (those under the Protestant Church at least). Some pastors left to make the Pastors’ Emergency League (later becoming the Confessional Church) to resist the German Christians. By 1934, the Protestant Chuch broke into 3 (Reich Church, German Christian Church and Confessional Church).

5. Though the Nazis promised not to interfere with the Catholic Church, they did. Catholics were bad-mouthed, their schools closed and had propaganda against them.

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*The Treaty of Versailles left Germany and its military crippled. By promising to bring Germany out of its terrible state, Hitler gained more support for the election to Chancellor. He used the growing hate in Germany for the allies, the fear of growing communist party, and nationalist views to gain even more power.
*In June of 1934, Hitler and the SS threw the Night of the Long Knives. This even resulted in the deaths of important SA members and possible threats to Hitler's power in Germany.
*In March and July of 1933, all other political parties in Germany were forced to disband. The KPD was banned in Germany after the Reichstag Fire. In July 14 1933, the Law Against the Establishment of Parties was made.
*By March of 1933, a lot of smaller state gov. in Germany were forced to abide to the Nazi Party becuase of force from Hitler. Hitler also appointed Nazi gov. to these areas so that the Nazis could have greater control over smaller areas.
*In Education, Hitler made it mandatory for teachers to be allied with the Nazi party and give an oath of alligence to the party.
*Propaganda was pushed into the press, radio, theater, music, art and films.
*By 1939, the Nazis owned 2/3 of the press in Germany. With this, they filled the news with pro-Nazi propaganda. Radios were given out and transmitted Nazi music, propaganda and Hitler speeches.
*A lot of opposition was silenced. Not very many people tried to oppose the Nazis; they mainly made subtle remarks about them. However, some organizations formed to demonstrate, threaten or subtly undermine the Nazi Party. Those caught opposing the Nazis were silenced by security police. They were imprisoned, sent to camps or executed.

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*Germany was left in a terrible state after WW1. The Treaty of Versailles left it with massive debt and a shell of a military . All the blame was put on Germany, and the mistreatment by the allies filled the country with contempt. Later, after trying to fix the economy, the gov. succeeded in creating hyper-inflation. German money was near worthless, and a lot of its industrial power was taken away, so Germany's economy took a turn for the worse. Germany also became dependent on the US for money loans. When the market collapsed in 1929, the whole world, especially Germany, was hit hard. German unemployment skyrocketed, resentment for the allies grew, and people were searching for answers to the trouble. Hitler, with his nationalistic views and promises to restore Germany to greatness, earned him popularity. The pass chancelors were ineffective (also the threat of communism grew in Germany), so President Hindenburg was in support of Hitler. He thought he could control Hitler, but after he died (and the Reichstag's fire), Hitler gained even more power. He used state of emergency to seize all power and became dictator.