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The Ottoman Empire's decline encouraged much of the middle east to experience a surge of nationalistic sentiments. Much of the former African colonies also experienced wave of nationalism. Mohandas Gandhi led the reform movements in India against Britain.

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Internal Conflicts and Militarism
The Roots of the Great War
The System of Alliances
The Balkan Conflicts
The Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
Declaration of War
The Western Front
The Eastern Front
The United States at War
Final Offensive: 1918
Peace Settlements

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Clamor for ideologies, socialist labor movement, caused rampant violence due to unfair labor practices brought about by industrialization. Working class demanded better wages and improvement of working conditions. Conservative leaders were encouraged to regain control in order to avoid bloodshed. Between 1870 and 1914, military spending increased, doubling the size of European armies, this began a naval race. Ambitious program of increasing the size of its navy to rival that of the British Royal navy. in 1906, British ended the naval race with the Germans with the construction of the HMS Dreadnought. Russian army employed 1.3 Million men. French in 1913 employed 900,000 able-bodied soldiers. A popular method of drafting soldiers called Conscription became the norm, enlarging most of the armies in the continent.

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The root of rivalries between European powers in the 1800 was the rise of nationalism. Nationalism is the shared belief of loyalty. National pride became the most important trait. Nationalism brewed tensions between nations such as France in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870-1871. Nationalistic Feelings also emerged in Italy after her unification i 1871 due to millions of Italians living in areas controlled by the Astro-Hungarian Empire. Nationalism forged rivalries due to increasing industrialization, naval supremacy, colonialism, and international trade. Rivalry worsened. the British and Russian railed for control over territories in Mesopotamia.  France and Germany continued to scramble over Moroccan territories in North Africa. This led to worsening negative sentiments against rival nation-states.

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In 1800s, the major European Powers organized themselves in case war breaks out. The chancellor of the German Empire negotiated the establishment of the League of Three Emperors in 1863. the alliance is made up of the emperors of Germany, Australia-Hungary, and Russia. Due to disagreement between Australia-Hungary and Russia over Balkan territories, the league quickly broke apart. This created the dual Alliance between the two remaining powers in 1879, whose main goal is to minimize Russian influence to the Balkans. in 1882, the triple alliance is officially created because Italy joined the alliance. the Triple Entente, a coalition between France and Britain, shaped the dangerous balance of power in Europe.

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Central powers were advancing as Germany regains strength in the western front. Germans were defeated at the Second Battle of Marne on July 18, 1918. by Sept. Bulgaria accepted defeat and surrendered to the allies. by Nov, Germany was the only central power remaining. Nov. 11 at 11 in the morning, Germany signed the armistice agreement and that ended World War I.

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President Woodrow Wilson of U.S. proclaimed neutrality when war broke out. American Participation became inevitable. U- boats were meant to cut supply lines in retaliation against the British. Germans torpedoed an American Tanker and sank the British passenger ship RMS Lusitania. Victory between the British and Germans was inconclusive in the Battle of Jutland. British remained steadfast. April 2, 1917, Woodrow Wilson canceled all diplomatic ties with Germany and asked the US Congress to declare war. American reinforcements were sent to Europe. this boosted the morale of the Allied Soldiers who have been fighting in trenches. the US pushed German offensives back and by 1918, the allied forces launched an ambitious attack against the western front.

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The Russian military was dumped. Russian working class demanded for "Peace and Bread." March 12, Russian Duma established a provincial government. Provincial Government decided to stay in World War I. Soviets formed their own armies to represent their own armies. Bolsheviks gave rise to Marxism in Russia.

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Russians and the Germans fought a seesaw battle. Austria-Hungary lost most of its battles against Russia and Galicia. Italy betrayed the Central Powers. German-Australian troops stormed the Russian army in Galicia. Russian were no longer a threat to German supremacy. Bulgaria joined the alliance and attacked Serbia. the Central Powers shifted resources westward.

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The assassination of the archduke incited anger among national lines in Europe. Franz Joseph I sought its German allies by writing to Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany for support. Germany responded with a "blank check" saying that it fully supports them. July 23, Austro-Hungarians reacted by giving Serbia a list of demands. Since these demands were too extreme, Serbia rejected them in the interest of sovereignty. July 28, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Czar Nicholas II ordered full mobilization of its army against Austria-Hungary in support of Serbia. Aug. 1, Germany declared war against the Russian Czar. Germany had the Schlieffen Plan against Russian and France. The plan was to send 75 percent of its troops to France. Since the plan violated Belgian Neutrality, they declared war against Germany on Aug. 4. The Allied Powers, composed of the Triple Entente (France, Russia, and Britain) and the Central Powers, the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy) are proved to be unstoppable.

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The early months of the war were fought by German in the western front. the Schlieffen Plan aimed to surround the French city of Paris. Germany took control of Belgium. September 6-10, 1914, French and British troops proved resistant against the German Army. German defeat at the Battle of Marne ended the plan. Both Allied and Central Powers were eventually matched. The advancing German troops faced a stalemate against the French warfare. "No man's land" is between the two trenches. The English Channel to the borders of Switzerland these trenches stretched.
Battle of Verdun and the Battle of Somme, both in 1916, proved to be some of the most futile operations.

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The Tensions between socioeconomic classes resulted in encouraging the masses to seek for reforms. Communism spread across Russia.

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Alliances between European superpowers were further tested. Driven by Nationalism, Greeks and the Slavs fought for independence against Ottoman rule: the ethnic population still remained under the Ottoman rule. Historians call the Balkans the "powder keg of Europe." Treaty of Berlin provided Austria-Hungarian Empire officially annexed the nation, giving rise to the conflict known as the Bosnian Crisis. this move led to a massive Slavic uproar in the Kingdom of Serbia. Russians, saw this as an opportunity to establish their influence in the region. with the help of the Russians, Serbians became determined in establishing a Slavic state in the peninsula. After the establishment of the Balkan League, the nations of Serbia, Greece, and Montenegro attacked the Ottoman Empire on October 8, 1912: also known as the First Balkan War. The Second Balkan War erupted the year after, on June 16, 1913. Bulgaria attacked Serbia and Greece but lost after 33 days dissolving the Balkan League.

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The Paris Peace Conference revolved around Wilson's Fourteen points. focused on five major tenets to enduring peace:
1.  Open Covenants of Peace
2. Freedom of Navigation
3. Disarmament
4. The Right to Self-Determination
5. The establishments of the league of nations

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June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophia, visited the Bosnian capital city of Sarajevo to open a state museum. The Black Hand threw a bomb at the archduke's car on the morning of June 28 but failed to assassinate him. The Archduke and his wife were shot by a 19-year old Bosnian Serb Gavrilo.

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World War  II spanned across five continents and combats occurred in land, sea, and air

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WW II started out because of conflicting Ideologies. Peace treaties did not protect much of Europe.

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in Italy, dictatorship was inevitable until Benito Mussolini became dictator.

in Russia, their dictator is Joseph Stalin

probably, Adolf Hitler is the strongest of all dictators. Hitler entered the German political  scene. he gained complete dictatorship over German government.

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Turning Points World History
www.maritimequest.com
commons.wikimedia.org
www.pinterest.com
www.writeopinions.com
a4cgr.wordpress.com
www.nzhistory.net.nz
historyimages.blogspot.ca
www.cnn.com
www.flandersfields.be
www.english-online.at
www.slideshare.net
www.demdigest.net