# data[].attributes.body
After the election of President Lincoln, senators made great efforts to find a way to compromise with the south to stay united. Lincoln announced that there would be no more compromise, so on December 20, 1860, the south seceded from the union.

“The South Secedes.” Ushistory.org, Independence Hall Association, www.ushistory.org/us/32e.asp.

# data[].attributes.headline
#14 Abraham Lincoln is Elected as President

# data[].attributes.subject
#14 Abraham Lincoln is Elected as President

# data[].attributes.body
During the election of 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected president with only 40% of the votes, which all came from the north. Since Lincoln became president, the south began to fear the abolishment of slavery.

Burke, Joe. “Thursday November 6, 2014.” KALW, kalw.org/post/thursday-november-6-2014#stream/0.

# data[].attributes.body
John Brown planned a raid that would seize weapons from the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia to arm slaves for a later rebellion. When the raid occurred in 1859, all of John Brown's men were either killed or captured, and Brown was convicted of treason and was sentenced to die.

Alchin, Linda. “James Buchanan.” ***, Siteseen Limited, 9 Jan. 2018, www.american-historama.org/1850-1860-secession-era/john-browns-raid-harpers-ferry.htm.

# data[].attributes.body
During the debate, Lincoln disagreed with Douglas' viewpoint that the Dred- Scott decision put arguments over slavery at ease. Lincoln claimed that slavery was a "moral, not a legal issue", and lost the debate, but it was reported and he became a big national figure.

“Lincoln.” National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, www.nps.gov/abli/learn/education/classrooms/lincoln-douglas-debates.htm.

# data[].attributes.body
The controversial idea of slavery went into the hands of the Supreme Court. A former slave, Dred Scott, previously traveled to Wisconsin (which became a free state because of the Missouri Compromise) with his owner, and when he returned to Missouri he was announced free because he stayed in Wisconsin (a free state).

Lepore, Jill. “Dred: Waiting for the Supreme Court.” The New Yorker, The New Yorker, 18 June 2017, www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/dred-waiting-for-the-supreme-court.

# data[].attributes.body
After the bloodshed of Kansas, Senator Charles Sumner expressed his feelings in a speech, "The Crime Against Kansas", which stated that the whole situation was plotted and planned out for Kansas to be a slave state in the innocent territory. This speech outraged many Southerners causing one, Preston Brooks, to beat up Sumner in the Senate.

“Sumner Attacked in U.S. Senate.” G.E. Engineers Test Jet Engine, www.massmoments.org/moment-details/sumner-attacked-in-u-s-senate.html.

# data[].attributes.body
Once the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed, many people began to settle in Kansas, mainly to seek good farming land. Eventually, people began to take sides on whether slavery should be allowed, and it became violent, so a group of pro slavery people invaded Lawrence, Kansas, which had an anti-slavery government.

“Bleeding Kansas: From the Kansas-Nebraska Act to Harpers Ferry.” Civil War on the Western Border: The Missouri-Kansas Conflict, 1854-1865, 1 Mar. 2018, www.civilwaronthewesternborder.org/essay/bleeding-kansas-kansas-nebraska-act-

# data[].attributes.body
The Kansas-Nebraska Act was introduced by Stephen A. Douglas to add Kansas and Nebraska as new territories. The Missouri Compromise was abolished, causing the people in the states to decide whether there should be slavery or not.

Atlas Map: The Compromise of 1850 and Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, wps.pearsoncustom.com/wps/media/objects/5407/5537171/atlas/atl_ah3_m009.html.

# data[].attributes.body
The fugitive slave act allowed southerners to go north to recapture fugitive slaves. Those slaves who were caught had very few rights, and the people who helped them escape were jailed.

History.com Staff. “Fugitive Slave Acts.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2009, www.history.com/topics/black-history/fugitive-slave-acts.

# data[].attributes.body
In January of 1850, Henry Clay proposed to end the deadlock over California by approving California as a free state, in addition to adding Utah and New Mexico territories as open to slavery, but he had to get Daniel Webster on his side first. For nine months, Congress debated the proposal, but in September of 1852, the plans were approved.

“The Compromise of 1850.” Ushistory.org, Independence Hall Association, www.ushistory.org/us/30d.asp.

# data[].attributes.body
The people in the North and the South continued to argue whether the territory gained from Mexico would be free or a slave state. Some proposals came up such as continuing the line from the Missouri Compromise where the north is free and the south is slave, or adding California as a free state to the union, but both were rejected.

Southern California Public Radio. “The Sad, Amazing Story of the Bear on CA's State Flag.” Southern California Public Radio, 1 Mar. 2015, www.scpr.org/programs/take-two/2012/10/24/28981/monarch-the-sad-amazing-story-of-the-bear-on-calif/.

# data[].attributes.body
In 1846, James Polk asked for funds for the war against Mexico and David Wilmot added the "Wilmot Proviso". Southern congressmen disagreed with the amendment, so it was passed by the house but not the senate, and they continued to allow slave owners to decide where they bring their slaves.

University of Texas. “Speeches & Orations.” A Continent Divided: The U.S.-Mexico War, library.uta.edu/usmexicowar/format.php?format_id=12.

# data[].attributes.body
The fugitive slaves escaped to the North. Since slave owners considered slaves as their property, they demanded to have fugitive slave laws passed to get their slaves back.

“Fugitives from Slavery.” Fugitives from Slavery - Ohio History Central, www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Fugitives_from_Slavery.

# data[].attributes.body
During the 1830's, the "Gag Rule" set aside all ideas of slavery to eliminate controversy. Abolitionists continued to fight for ending slavery while southern states placed laws that stated anybody who caught writers of abolitionism would be rewarded $5,000.

https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/afam005.html

# data[].attributes.body
The Missouri Compromise  admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.  It also ensured that there would be no slave states above latitude 36'30', excluding Missouri.

Florida Center for Instructional Technology. Educational Technology Clearinghouse, etc.usf.edu/maps/pages/5200/5286/5286.htm.