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Hip Hop Eras

1. Old School Hip Hop

2. The Golden Age of Hip Hop

3. Mainstream Hip Hop

4. New Millennium Rap

Jakob Bækgaard - "A Short History of Hip Hop" (2015)

Group timelines

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When analyzing rap, we should pay special attention to the following characteristics of rap:

Signifying

Storytelling

Informal/spoken language

Figurative language

Rhythm and rhyme

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Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five: "The Message" (1982). YouTube | Lyrics | Group work

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2Pac: Brenda's Got a Baby (1991). YouTube | Lyrics

The Notorious B.I.G.: Ten Crack Commandments (1997). YouTube | Lyrics

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8 Mile (2002) Final battles [22:11-7.30]
Kanye West: “Black Skinhead” (2013). YouTube | Lyrics | Group work
Bhad Bhabie: Gucci Flip Flops (2018). YouTube | Lyrics.

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1. Look at the structure of the text. How is it composed? How many verses are there? Is there a hook or a chorus?

2. Look at rhymes and alliteration. Are there any rhyme patterns? What types of rhyme do we find in the text (see Characteristics of Rap)?

3. Look at the language. Are there examples of spoken language, slang, metaphors, similes, personification or hyperbole (see Characteristics of Rap)?

4. Consider the tone of the text and whether it uses storytelling or signifying. If it is a story, examine the story that is told. If it is an example of signifying, examine how the rapper degrades his opponent and boasts his own ego (see Characteristics of Rap).

5. Characterise the voice(s) in the text. How does the rapper portray himself/herself and other people?

6. Find the themes and the conflict in the rap (look for opposites). Some typical themes are: identity, violence, racism, drugs, fame, gender, materialism, misogyny, poverty, social injustice, gang life/street life, love, sex, brotherhood, rivalry, homophobia, the big city, the music industry.

7. Use your historical knowledge about rap. Look for references to other rappers and hip hop history.

8. Try to identify the rapper's style (see Characteristics of Rap). Notice the elements s/he uses to assert his/her own originality. For instance, it could be the rapper showing a knowledge about history and culture, using humor, storytelling or gang language.

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Run-DMC: "Proud to be Black" (1986). YouTube | Lyrics
Ice-T: "Colors" (1988). YouTube | Lyrics

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🗪 📝 Tupac-Biggie beef