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Fragile X Syndrome (FXS)  is a genetic condition that causes developmental problems that includes, learning disabilities and impairment. Fragile X Syndrome severely affects a large variety of males than females, giving them the disability to learn, speak, socialize, and be a regular person.

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Fragile X Syndrome causes the person to have a long and narrow face, large ears, flat feet, and a prominent jaw and forehead. Individuals with this disease have side affects of autism and spectrum disorder that possibly affects communication and social interaction. FXS affected children start to develop sensory issues as well, certain sensations to bright lights, the way clothes feel against their bodies, and also loud noises.

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FXS is located on the X chromosome, one of the two sex chromosomes.Females only have two X chromosomes, so a mutation in one of the two copies (of a gene) in each cell, is enough to cause the disorder. Males, on the other hand, have only one X chromosome, so a mutation, in on copy of a gene, is enough to cause the disorder. Males experience more severe symptoms of Fragile X Syndrome than females.

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Unfortunately, FXS can not be prevented, because it is a genetic condition. However, genetic testing will help you see if the child carries the gene mutation. Genetic testing, is one of the go-to options when a child is born.

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Your Genome - A free collection of high quality genetics and genomics learning resources.

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Discover more about DNA, genes and genomes

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A sensory diet concept can be used on children affected by Fragile X. A sensory diet can help maintain an age appropriate level of attention or function. Most children suffering FXS, benefit from medications that treat ADD, ADHD, OCD , and other attention disorders as well. These are the minimal things that can be done to "treat" FXS. There is (unfortunately) know cure for Fragile X Disease, because it is a genetic condition that the person carries with him/her for the rest of his/her life.

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FXS has several side effects, many of which can affect the persons day to day life. Speech and language are two big side effects, males/boys will have trouble speaking, they may stutter as well, or forget parts of words. People affected with FXS might experience behavioral, social, and emotional side effects. They will have trouble making eye contact with the person in front of them. Girls may be hyperactive, but shy around people. But boys, on the other hand will be aggressive. In new situations, it may occur that the child will develop anxiety. Most people affected by FXS have obstacles with intellectual functioning, such as mathematics etc. FXS can affect the ability to learn,, think and write. All of these disabilities/ disadvantages can be treated by going through multiple sessions of therapy, including speech therapy. This gives the children, not only the the chance to learn, but to interact with new people, and to adapt to new situations and surroundings.

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Fragile X Syndrome is a frequent form of mental retardation, it is an unstable expansion of a CGG repeat with the FMR1 gene. However, the CGG repeat is often interrupted by AGG triplets. Long tracks of perfect CGG repeats can lead to a rise to predisposed alleles. In older African populations, anaylsis predicted that the loss of an AGG led to a more perfect CGG repeat.

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FXS is inherited in am X-Linked dominant pattern. Men can only pass their premutation to their daughters, their son receive a Y chromosome, that does not include the FMR1 gene. The FMR1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called FMRP, this protein (FMRP) abides in many tissues, including the brain, ovaries, and testes. FMRP acts as a shuttle between cells by transporting molecules called messenger RNA (or mRNA) that also serves as a blueprint for making proteins.