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concerns how to acquire, and keep, political power; attitude toward power must be based on an understanding of human nature; political activity should not be restricted by moral principles

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wrote 'The Prince', one of the most influential works on political power in the Western world

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a Dominican preacher who condemned the corruption and excesses of the Medici family; also attacked corruption of the Church; eventually accused of heresy and sentenced to death

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grandson to Cosimo, continued dominating Florence, which was the cultural center of Italy

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a wealthy merchant who took control of Florence, controlling government from behind the scenes

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conquered Milan, became duke; leader of band of mercenaries; created strong centralized state with efficient tax system

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Florence painter who mastered laws of perspective, which enabled him to create the illusion of three dimensions and a new, realistic style of painting

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sculptor

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designed church of San Lorenzo; environment created that didn't overwhelm the worshiper; provides comfort as a space to fit human, not divine, needs

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German artist who tried to achieve a standard of ideal beauty that was based on a careful examination of the human form

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Flemish painter among the first to use oil paint & imitated nature by what he observed

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mastered the art of realistic painting; goal to create idealized forms that would capture the perfection of nature and the individual

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one of Italy's best painters; admired for numerous madonnas in which he tried to achieve an ideal of beauty far surpassing human standards

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accomplished painter, sculptor, and architect; Sistine Chapel

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Frenchwoman who is best known for works written in defense of women; The Book of the City Ladies; women could learn as well as men if they attended the same schools

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painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints

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key intellectual movement of Renaissance; based on study of classics, grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, history

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father of Italian Renaissance humanism; emphasized using pure classical Latin

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language spoken in own region, such as Italian, French, or German

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soldiers who sold their services to the highest bidder

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worldly

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rebirth

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powerful city-states became the centers of political, economic, and social life

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An Italian author who helped make vernacular literature more popular; Divine Comedy

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An English author who helped make vernacular literature more popular; wrote The Canterbury Tales