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apa abarnya? :((

ps: jgn remove aku cher lol

- Ikhlas dari Nurul wkwk

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Rhizophora mangle - everything about Rhizophora mangle Red Mangrove. distribution Rhizophora mangle, cultivation Rhizophora mangle, roots leaves flowers fruits seeds Rhizophora mangle, trunk soil growth usage Rhizophora mangle

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Case study on Mangrove in Brunei context

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Case study on Mangrove in Brunei context

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BRUNEI CASE STUDY - MANGROVE FOREST DESTRUCTION

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BRUNEI WETLAND CASE STUDY MANGROVE FOREST DESTRUCTION & MANAGEMENT Characterized by shallow water with heavy growths of aquatic or semi-aquatic plants and relatively thick organic deposits. Brackish water and mudflats WETLAND? WHAT IS IT? Tree species- Rhizophora & Avicennia Marina Roots are growing upwards.

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Like coral reefs, mangrove forests are extremely productive ecosystems that provide numerous good and services both to the marine environment and people.

According to a recent report, these goods and services are conservatively estimated to be worth US$186 million each year. They include:

Fisheries: Mangrove forests are home to a large variety of fish, crab, shrimp, and mollusk species. These fisheries form an essential source of food for thousands of coastal communities around the world. The forests also serve as nurseries for many fish species, including coral reef fish. A study on the Mesoamerican reef, for example, showed that there are as many as 25 times more fish of some species on reefs close to mangrove areas than in areas where mangroves have been cut down. This makes mangrove forests vitally important to coral reef and commercial fisheries as well.

Timber and plant products: Mangrove wood is resistant to rot and insects, making it extremely valuable. Many coastal and indigenous communities rely on this wood for construction material as well as for fuel. These communities also collect medicinal plants from mangrove ecosystems and use mangrove leaves as animal fodder. Recently, the forests have also been commercially harvested for pulp, wood chip, and charcoal production.

Coastal protection: The dense root systems of mangrove forests trap sediments flowing down rivers and off the land. This helps stabilizes the coastline and prevents erosion from waves and storms. In areas where mangroves have been cleared, coastal damage from hurricanes and typhoons is much more severe. By filtering out sediments, the forests also protect coral reefs and seagrass meadows from being smothered in sediment.

Tourism: Given the diversity of life inhabiting mangrove systems, and their proximity in many cases to other tourist attractions such as coral reefs and sandy beaches, it is perhaps surprising that only a few countries have started to tap into the tourism potential of their mangrove forests. Places as diverse as Bonaire and offer snorkelling expeditions in and around mangroves to witness a marvellous variety of baby fish, jellyfish, and urchins against a magical background of interwoven roots delving deep into the sandy substrate. Great potential exists elsewhere for revenue generation in this manner, which values the mangroves intact and as they stand.

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Like coral reefs, mangrove forests are extremely productive ecosystems that provide numerous good and services both to the marine environment and people. According to a recent report, these goods and services are conservatively estimated to be worth US$186 million each year. They include: Fisheries: Mangrove forests are home to a large variety of fish, crab, shrimp, and mollusk species.

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Negative impacts of tourism on environment

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Negative impacts of tourism on environment

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Number of tourist arrivals - somewhere on earth this year

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The negative environmental impacts of tourism are substantial. They include the depletion of local natural resources as well as pollution and waste problems. Eco-tourism offers a greener alternative.

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Extra info on rainforest

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Chapter 3 Tropical Rainforest How Can We Save The Rainforest?

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This is the latest news about typhoon that occured in Japan recently.

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Jebi, reportedly the strongest typhoon to make landfall in Japan since 1993, headed north across the main island of Honshu toward the Sea of Japan. It was off the northern coast of Fukui on Tuesday evening with sustained winds of 126 kilometers per hour (78 miles per hour) and gusts up to 180 kph (110 mph), the Japan Meteorological Agency said.

More than 700 flights were canceled, according to Japanese media tallies. High-speed bullet train service was suspended from Tokyo west to Hiroshima, though service partially resumed later Tuesday when the typhoon left the region.

More than 1.6 million households remained without power in Osaka, Kyoto and four nearby prefectures late Tuesday, according to Kansai Electric Power Co.

High seas poured into Kansai International Airport, built on artificial islands in Osaka Bay, flooding one of its two runways, cargo storage and other facilities, and forcing it to shut down, said the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. A passenger was slightly injured by shards from a window shattered by the storm.

A 2,591-ton tanker that was mooring slammed into the side of a bridge connecting the airport to the mainland, damaging the bridge and making it unusable, leaving about 3,000 passengers stranded at the airport, transport ministry official Mitsuo Nakao said.

The tanker was also damaged, but its 11 crewmembers were not injured and remained on board, according to the coast guard.

NHK public television showed passengers sitting or lying on the floor in the airport terminal in the dark without air conditioning.

A man in his 70s died apparently after being blown to the ground from his apartment in Osaka prefecture. Police said five others died elsewhere in the prefecture after being hit by flying objects or falling from their apartments. In nearby Shiga prefecture, a 71-year-old man died when a storage building collapsed on him, and a man in his 70s died after falling from a roof in Mie, officials said.

The Fire and Disaster Management Agency said 150 people were injured.

Daihatsu Motor Co. stopped production at its Kyoto and Osaka factories, while Panasonic halted work at its air conditioning and refrigerator factory in Shiga. Major beverage maker Kirin Co. suspended production at its brewery in Kobe, according to Kyodo News agency.

Elsewhere in Osaka, the Universal Studios Japan theme park and U.S. Consulate were both closed. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe canceled a scheduled trip to Kyushu, Japan's southernmost main island, to oversee the government's response to the typhoon, said Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga.

In nearby Nishinomiya in Hyogo prefecture, about 100 cars at a seaside dealership were in flames after their electrical systems were shorted out by sea water, fire officials and news reports said.

The typhoon first made landfall on Japan's southwestern island of Shikoku and then again near Kobe on Honshu. Television footage showed sea water overflowing onto low-lying areas.

As you may have heard, Typhoon Jebi, also known as Typhoon 21, made landfall on 4 September, barreling directly into the Kansai region. It's the latest unusual course in what's been a string of unusual courses for major storms of this kind this year.

It's also said to have been especially strong - the strongest Japan has seen in 25 years by some accounts. I knew about this days in advance but was foolishly skeptical of its danger. Of course I knew typhoons were dangerous, but I've always thought Osaka seemed to be in a little pocket of Japan that manages to avoid the brunt of natural disasters - almost always at least.

So when I woke up on Tuesday morning to a perfectly sunny day, I decided to go ahead and make the short trek into the office. However, about a minute after I stepped out the door, an alarm blasted over my phone alerting me to the typhoon. Then, just to drive the point home to stubborn workaholics like myself, air raid sirens went off all over town with an announcement the the typhoon was approaching.

With that I turned around and decided to stay home and hunker down while this thing blew over.

Hours passed and there still wasn't much going on. Just a little windy with some drizzle. Then, around 2 p.m. it really started to pick up. I glanced outside my window and saw a naked guy standing on the balcony across the street. I guess he sensed this was going to be a special typhoon and wanted to be one with it.

Shortly after that, the wind and rain really started to pick up and tore an entire row of ceramic shingles from the roof of a neighboring house. It was about that time that I realized this was the real deal and went for the camera.

I suspect someone had a pile of newspapers they wanted to get rid off and used this storm as an excuse by just letting them fly out the window, because there was a ridiculous amount of pages flying all over the place. It kind of gave the whole storm a surreal feeling, like a cheesy movie.

On the street corner there was an elderly security guard wrestling with half a sign against the already fierce winds. It looked as if he was trying to take it into the bank but they weren't letting him in for some reason. Regardless, he valiantly kept hold of it and took it around to the side of the building so that the wind would simply blow it against the wall rather than hit anyone.

Then, out of the blue, a huge chunk of something, maybe a wall or a roof measuring about 10 square meters flew straight into the overhead wires of the train tracks. It smashed into little pieces of metal, paper, and sponge that scattered all over the streets below. The security guard must have taken that as his cue to leave, because I didn't see him at all after that.
Pieces of the chunk continued to hang from the wires and one blew into and touched the tower, causing a short along with a rather spectacular explosion.
That seemed to be the climax for this area, but for the next hour or so, I could hear lots of loud crashing and the continuous blare of sirens. My wife suggested I go downstairs and take a look around. I suspected this was how she finally intended to kill me, but I agreed anyway because I really did want to see what was happening down there.

That was about as far outside as I was willing to venture until another half hour or so when the wind and rain settled down enough. Just as I was walking out the front door, a man on a bicycle pulled up and began delivering newspapers - business as usual.

fitrestucks were racing in every direction, as every team must have been out in the field all over the area. It made things especially dangerous because there was no one to tend to the "smaller" problems like this downed live wir

Passing by the station there were huge sheets of metal laying everywhere. During the storm I saw a surprisingly large amount of people out walking and running around. Looking at some of this debris, it's amazing more people weren't seriously hurt.

walking a little further I noticed a crowd of people pointing and talking to each other. A nearby street lined with restaurants and stores had been hit really hard. It looked as if a bomb had hit the area, with giant sheets of metal dangling precariously from the power lines overhead. There were a lot of people but everyone was unusually quiet while cleaning up their businesses.

The wall enclosing a large construction site had also been taken down, perhaps unsurprisingly given the size of it and the material it was made from.

And all this is just what happened in my small, sleepy part of Osaka. As you've probably seen in other news clips, we got off relatively lucky. Everyone has been really quick to clean up and rebuild as well. By 5 p.m.

I could see a crew out clearing the remaining scraps from the overhead wire. I imagine by tomorrow, very little evidence of Typhoon Jebi will even remain.

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Typhoon update : 11 dead , 198 injured, airport flooded - Japan Inside

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Jebi, reportedly the strongest typhoon to make landfall in Japan since 1993, headed north across the main island of Honshu toward the Sea of Japan. It was off the northern coast of Fukui on Tuesday evening with sustained winds of 126 kilometers per hour (78 miles per hour) and gusts up to 180 kph (110 mph), the Japan Meteorological Agency said.

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Most dangerous tourist destinations in the world

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Most dangerous tourist destinations in the world

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Today, we here at Bright Side have prepared a list of the most thrilling and dangerous locations in the world. If you'd like your holiday to come with a side of danger, these places are just for you. Otherwise, steer well clear!
Death Valley, USA
If the Earth is our home, then Death Valley is its scorching hot oven. This stunning desert holds the record for the highest temperature ever recorded on our planet - 134 °F (56.7 °C). No matter how tough you are, the blazing sun and searing heat of Death Valley will make you exhausted very quickly. Without water, you can live here for only 14 hours.
The Danakil Desert, Eritrea
Baking temperatures that often top 120 degrees F (50 degrees C), numerous active volcanoes, geysers that spit toxic gases - it's hard to imagine a more brutal landscape than Africa's Danakil Desert. Most people would probably consider this terrible place a literal ''Hell on Earth'', but it still attracts lots of brave adventurers from all around the world. Just keep in mind that visiting the the Danakil Desert on your own, without an experienced guide, is strictly forbidden.
Mount Washington, USA
The summit of Mount Washington holds the world record for the fastest winds on the surface of the Earth. The highest recorded speed here is 203 miles per hour (327 km/h). The strong winds, however, are not the only concern in this area - the freezing temperatures that can drop as low as −40 degrees and continuous heavy snowfalls make Mount Washington a very dangerous place. Despite its modest height - 6,288 feet (1,917 meters ) - Mount Washington is one of the world's deadliest peaks. The loads that the human body experiences at the top of it can be compared to the ones it would experience on the peak of Mount Everest.
Sinabung Volcano, Indonesia
This is an active volcano situated on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. Eruptions occur here very frequently, often leaving thousands of people without shelter or livelihood. The nearby towns and villages have been completely covered in lava and ash several times already: in 2010, 2013, 2014 and 2015. The latest explosion occurred February 27, 2016. That eruption ejected a deadly cloud of volcanic gas, stones, and ash to a height of 2,500 meters. And no one knows what will happen there tomorrow.
lha da Queimada Grande (Snake Island), Brazil
Hidden somewhere off the coast of Brazil, this island is widely recognized as the most dangerous place on the planet. The reason for this is quite simple - this place is full of one of the most venomous snakes in the world, Bothrops. Researchers estimate that about five snakes per square meter live on the island. There are several stories of people succumbing to the deadly predators in no time at all. One of these stories recalls a lighthouse keeper who was attacked by the snakes and died. Snake Island's lighthouse has been automated ever since that fatality, and the Brazilian government has prohibited any visitors from setting foot there.
Madidi National Park, Bolivia
At first sight, this place looks very picturesque, but it's actually very dangerous. Why? Because it's home to the most poisonous and aggressive fauna in the world: contact with any of the plants growing in this park can cause severe itching, rash and dizziness. Any cut, or even a small wound, can become infected with tropical parasites.
Valley of Death, Kamchatka, Russia
The Kamchatka Peninsula, in the Russian Far East, also has its own Death Valley. It's located not far from the famous Valley of Geysers. High concentrations of toxic gases found in this area pose a serious threat to every living thing: plants and animals die quickly, while people soon start to feel unwell and get a fever, dizziness and chill.
Bikini Atoll, The Marshall Islands
Lost somewhere in the ocean, this island looks like a paradise, doesn't it? But Bikini Atoll was actually home to numerous nuclear testing programs that turned the picturesque island of Bikini into a radioactive wasteland. The inhabitants were forced to abandon their homes, and even today this remains hazardous for living organisms: the abnormally high level of radiation recorded here can cause cancer.
Elephant Kingdom in Chonburi, Thailand
In Elephant Kingdom, Thailand, at a Crocodile farm, the owner leases out a small semi-closed raft space for tourists to come visit, see and FEED crocodiles! The raft is a thin wooden one balanced on plastic barrels and has net enclosure half way around it. The shack has a roof too. The people get inside the enclosure and are given fishing rods to feed the crocs. They use beef or meat pieces attached to the rods and dangle the rods before the crocodiles. The reptiles then jump out of the water to catch the meat and their food. There are tourists who also tease the crocs by dangling the meat in front of them and then pulling it up as the hungry animals reach for it.
Afar Depression, Ethiopia
Erta Ale volcano, in the Afar Region of Ethiopia, is one of the most dangerous volcanoes on the planet. Small earthquakes are constantly shaking the region, forming numerous deep chasms. This happens because Erta Ale contains two lava lakes in its summit crater. The amount of lava in them is constantly changing, causing the Earth's surface to shake up and down.
Lake Natron, Tanzania
It may look like an extraterrestrial landscape, but this surreal image is actually the photo of Lake Natron in Tanzania. The alkali salt crust on the surface of the lake is so dangerous that all living creatures die just coming into contact with it. For obvious reasons, swimming in this lake is strictly prohibited, and the strong odor of hydrogen sulphide coming from lake's surface won't let you admire the stunning scenery for long.

Source : Brightside

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The 11 Most Dangerous Tourist Destinations in the World

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Today, we here at Bright Side have prepared a list of the most thrilling and dangerous locations in the world. If you'd like your holiday to come with a side of danger, these places are just for you. Otherwise, steer well clear! Death Valley, USA If the Earth is our home, then Death Valley is ...

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The heaviest flooding in 50 years will have devastating effects on Thailand. Automotive, electronics, and agriculture sectors will bear the brunt of the economic costs. The disaster is expected to shrink the economy by 1.1 percent in the last quarter, much more if Bangkok is inundated. Overall growth for 2011 will likely be 2 percent, down from the predicted 3.7 percent. Industrial zones such as Nava Nakorn, Bangkadi, and Bang Pa-in have been submerged, causing over 10,000 factories to suspend production and lay off over 350,000 workers.

The Federation of Thai Industries estimated that the damage of the record flooding to industry will total $6.2 billion. Disruptions were felt in Japan and, to a lesser extent, the United States because the closed industrial estates host high-tech and automotive manufacturers like Western Digital, Seagate, Nissan, Toyota, Isuzu, ON Semiconductor, and TDK Magnecomp. The far reaching effects of overwhelming flooding emphasize Thailand's role in the global economy and its export-oriented engine of growth. Moving forward, Prime Minister Yingluck must make prudent policy decisions to restore these industries.

As a result of the deluge, semiconductor and automobile makers, such as TDK and Honda, have halted production. Four automotive factories, accounting for 630,000 Toyotas and 240,000 Hondas annually, have closed. Over 300 Japanese companies were directly affected by the disaster and estimates suggest they will take months to recover.

In consumer electronics, the hard disk drive (HDD) industry also felt the flood's effects. California-based Western Digital is expected to see a 40 percent decline in its exports from Thailand, which are worth $6.5 billion a year, as two of its plants in Bang pa-in have been forced to close. Western Digital produces 33 percent of the world's HDDs and sells to major computer manufacturers like Acer, Dell, and Hewlett-Packard. Apple CEO Tim Cook said that Apple has suffered supply chain snags due to factory closures as well. Experts expect industry wide hard disk shortages next year.

Flooding has inundated nearly 14 million acres of land, over 740,000 acres of which is farmland. The government has dropped its estimate for this year's rice production from 27.5 million to 23 million tons. The U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates that annual Thai rice exports will reach 8 million tons next year, down from 10.5 million tons this year.

If Thailand is to cling to its export manufacturing leadership position, it needs to ensure that it retains the investors on its eastern seaboard. Currently, the government has plans to spend $4.2 billion in flood relief. In addition, it has spelled out a new water management system, developed plans for infrastructure improvements, and the central bank has relaxed monetary policies. However, in the wake of this crisis, Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra may have to reexamine some of her campaign promises, such as the rice price support scheme, which has negatively affected exports, and the nationwide minimum wage hike, which could hamper economic growth.

At a time when public debt is at 43 percent of GDP and the global economy is struggling due to the economic weakness in the United States and Europe, the Thai government's priorities should focus on regaining international competitiveness. Thailand's reliance on contract manufacturing and exports requires prioritizing agriculture R&D, rehabilitating industrial zones, and investing in urban and rural planning. This will help improve the livelihoods of workers and farmers in the long run and also bolster investor confidence. In the short term, the humanitarian costs of the flood must be addressed, but the government cannot forget that the country's economic fundamentals need attention as well.
Chayut 'Peko' Setboonsarng is a recent graduate of George Washington University.

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The heaviest flooding in 50 years will have devastating effects on Thailand. Automotive, electronics, and agriculture sectors will bear the brunt of the economic costs. The disaster is expected to shrink the economy by 1.1 percent in the last quarter, much more if Bangkok is inundated.

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What is a Tombolo?
Tombolo is a long strecth of sand joining an island to the mainland

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Find out the difference between a spit, bar and tombolo

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Find out the difference between a spit, bar and tombolo

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What Is A Tombolo?

A tombolo is a coastal formation that means, when translated from Italian, "mound". It appears to be a small island that has not fully separated from the mainland. This island-like landform is actually attached to the coast by a thin sand bar or spit. Tombolos are sometimes referred to as "tied islands", because it seems to tethered to the coast. These formation can be either solitary or found in clusters. When clustered, the sand bars may form a lagoon-like enclosure near the coast. These types of lagoons are likely to fill with sediment over time.

How Is A Tombolo Formed?

Longshore Drift

Longshore drift occurs as waves push sediment (which may consist of sand, silt, and clay) towards the coastline at an angle. Instead of landing on the beach, this sediment begins to build up between the beach and an island, creating the bar mentioned above and effectively "tying" the island to the mainland. This drift is often influenced by the wind direction. When created by longshore drift, these formation are sometimes not considered a true tombolo.

Wave Diffraction And Refraction

A true tombolo is formed by wave diffraction and refraction. Waves move toward the coastline and are slowed down as they enter the shallower water. They first reach the islands that are close to the shore. Because these waves are moving at a slower than normal pace, they move around the island instead of over it. As the water moves more slowly around the island, it picks up sediment along the way. When the waves meet on the other side of the island (the side facing the coast), the sediment is deposited. This sediment continues to build up until it creates the sandbar that connects the island to the beach.

Changing Tombolos

Because of the unique shape of tombolos, they tend to be more likely to change over time due to weathering and tides than the regular coastline. Sometimes, the island at the end of the bar, or spit, is large enough that it supports commercial or residential activity. In order to prevent changes to the tombolo, the bar is reinforced with cement roads or parking lots. This prevents wind and waves from washing away the finer sediment on top of the bar.

Tombolos Around The World

One of the most well-known tombolos around the world is Chesil Beach, located on the southern coast of Dorset in England. This beach connects to the Isle of Portland, a 4-mile long, limestone island. It is an inhabited island with a population of around 12,400. The island and the beach belong to the Jurassic Coast, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, which is protected due to its unique geological formation. Some scientists, however, have suggested that Chesil Beach is not actually a true tombolo. Additionally, this site is an important bird nesting area between April and August; access to several areas here is prohibited during this time.

Another well-known tombolo is the Aupouri Peninsula in New Zealand. It is located on the northern side of the North Island, between the Tasman Sea and the Pacific Ocean. This site is interesting because it is a peninsula within a peninsula, making up part of the North Auckland Peninsula. This tombolo creates the Rangaunu Harbour, as well as several other harbors along its length.

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A tombolo is a coastal formation that means, when translated from Italian, "mound". It appears to be a small island that has not fully separated from the mainland. This island-like landform is actually attached to the coast by a thin sand bar or spit.

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This website is very useful. READ

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Coastal Management: Ways to protect the coast/shore

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Coastal Management: Ways to protect the coast/shore

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Some information on how to protect the coast from further wave erosion

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Coasts are important for many different reasons and for different groups of people. They provide:

places to live

places to work, eg fishing, ports and power stations

wildlife habitats

beautiful scenery

educational value, eg geology and natural history

You can probably think of many more reasons why coasts need to be protected.

It is not possible to completely stop the power of natural forces from changing the coast. People try to protect some areas from erosion but this can have negative impacts as well as positive.

The way the coast is managed can cause conflict. There are two types of coastal management:

Hard engineering - this involves building structures to protect the coast.

Soft engineering - this involves working with nature by using natural materials or allowing nature to take back areas.

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BBC Bitesize - KS3 Geography - Coastal management - Revision 1

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Coasts are important for many different reasons and for different groups of people. They provide: places to live places to work, eg fishing, ports and power stations wildlife habitats beautiful scenery educational value, eg geology and natural history You can probably think of many more reasons why coasts need to be protected.

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Case studies on the impacts of river flooding

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Case studies on the impacts of river flooding

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Comparing the effects of flooding in MEDCs and LEDCs

Having studied two flood case studies in countries with contrasting levels of economic development you will have seen that MEDCs usually have much better flood protection than LEDCs and subsequently the effects of flooding are often not as severe in terms of loss of life. However flooding still occurs in MEDCs and as well as some loss of life, the level of economic disruption can still be significant. You need to be aware of the main reasons for the differences in the level of disruption caused by flooding in LEDCs and MEDCs:

Problems faced in LEDCs which make the effects of flooding worse and flood management difficult:

- poor quality housing can't withstand flood waters

- poor infrastructure is easily damaged with roads, bridges and communications destroyed by flooding

- lack of sanitation and clean water supplies resulting in further loss of life during floods through the spread of diseases such as cholera, dysentery etc.

- difficult to mobilise rescue teams - lack of funding for training but made more difficult by many areas being isolated during flooding due to damage to infrastucture and inundated by flood waters;

- little political co-operation between Bangladesh and its neighbouring countries - makes it difficult to reduce flood risks by tackling issues in the headwaters of the major rivers which are located in India and Nepal;

- the country relies on government aid and aid from other countries - with a lack of money many necessary flood defences can not be constructed

- in order to tackle poverty the government have focused much of their funds on improving exports - again reducing the money available for flood protection.

Reasons why the effects of flooding usually less severe in MEDCs and flood protection is better:

- homes and possessions are able to be insured against flood damage

- good water and sewage systems are in place providing back up supplies of clean water when local supplies become contaminated - means that disease is not the problem it is during flooding in LEDCs;

- good infrastructure and communication networks means it is easier to get aid and helpworkers to affected areas increasing survival through rescues and evacuation;

- planning restrictions are usually in place to discourage new building of houses on floodplain areas or areas prone to flooding;

- governments in MEDCs are able to invest more heavily in flood defence systems - including channelisation projects; the construction of artifical levees and the development of prediction and warning systems.

You should be prepared in an exam to be able to contrast the effects of flooding in MEDCs and LEDCs and to be able to suggest reasons for the differences.

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Comparing the effects of flooding in MEDCs and LEDCs Having studied two flood case studies in countries with contrasting levels of economic development you will have seen that MEDCs usually have much better flood protection than LEDCs and subsequently the effects of flooding are often not as severe in terms of loss of life.

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Please enable JS and disable any ad blocker

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What is a landslide and what causes one?

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A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. Landslides are a type of "mass wasting," which denotes any down-slope movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of gravity. The term "landslide" encompasses five modes of slope movement: falls, topples, slides, spreads, and flows.

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Various CASE STUDIES on Impacts of River flooding

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Various CASE STUDIES on Impacts of River flooding

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BBC - GCSE Bitesize: MEDC case study: causes and effects of flooding in Boscastle, UK (2004)

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A secondary school revision resource for GCSE Geography on causes and effect of flooding, includes case studies on Boscastle, Mozambique and Bangladesh.

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- lowlying land
- population increase
- heavy rains

- bigger storm ( vertical air movement )
- high wind speed

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Case study on River Flooding in Bangladesh

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Case study on River Flooding in Bangladesh

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Watch the video attached.

My Question:
List the CAUSES of river flooding from the video.

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Impacts from Tropical Cyclone

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Natural disasters are grizzly things. There's no two ways about it. With little warning they appear, and when they leave they almost always take lives with them. There's no one to blame, and often times there's little that can be done in terms of preparation. After typhoon Haiyan destroyed the Philippines I was asked to document the aftermath. Naturally, I intended to capture a story of destruction. What I found however, was a story of resilience.

I hope this story encourages you to be thankful for what you have. Not just that you have a good job or a  nice car, but simply thankful that you're alive and have people around you to share your life with.

Directed & Edited by Janssen Powers | www.janssenpowers.tv
Filmed on: Red Scarlet-x
Music: Tony Anderson- Diana & Rise (feat. Salomon Ligthelm)

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How can the groyne help to protect the coast from wave erosion?

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How can the groyne help to protect the coast from wave erosion?