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The sponge tool in Photoshop works on color saturation. It can either saturate a color or desaturate a color. This means by using the sponge tool, we can either increase the color intensity of some pixels or decrease the color intensity of some pixels.

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This tool is another of the most commonly used tools in both rendering and photo editing. It fills the selected area with a color and is often used to create a background. It is also one of the more straight-forward tools in Photoshop, and is relatively simple to use in most cases

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The Smudge tool evokes finger painting . With GIMP-2.10, it works in two ways: If the Flow option is set to 0.00 (default), the Smudge tool uses the current brush to smudge colors on the active layer or a selection. It takes color in passing and uses it to mix it to the next colors it meets.

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In Photoshop CS6 and CC the Crop tool now has a Straighten tool built into it. So, to straighten a photo, click the Crop Tool (or press C) and click the Straighten icon on the toolbar.

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The Crop tool removes the part of an image surrounding the selection. Crop to remove distractive background elements and create a focus on your desired object in the image. When you crop an image, by default, the resolution remains the same as the original image.

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The Horizontal Type tool allows you to add horizontal text to your images. Select the Horizontal Type tool (T) . Use the Options bar to customize tool settings, like Font Style, Font Size, and, Text Color, to get the effect you want. Add point text (to add a few words like a heading or title) or paragraph text.

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The Hand tool allows you to move your image while you're zoomed in to more than 100% and part of the image is out of view. Select the Hand tool (H) from the tool bar or press and hold the spacebar key to temporarily switch to the Hand tool.

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Photoshop allows you to make a gradual transition between two or more colors by using the Gradient Tool. A gradient can be applied to any selected area of an image or background. If no area is selected, the gradient will be applied to the entire layer.

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To magnify or reduce the view of an image. Zooming does not affect image size. Animation of using the Zoom tool to zoom in on an image.

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The Brush tool and the Pencil tool paint the current foreground color on an image. The Brush tool creates soft strokes of color. The Pencil tool creates hard-edged lines.

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The Rectangular Marquee tool is used for making rectangular selections within an image. It is among the most basic of tools, and appears in most every image editing program available. It can be used to prepare an image for cropping, while the similar Crop tool automatically completes the crop when used.

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The tool automatically selects similar tones and stops when it finds image edges. Add to the selection. To add to the initial selection, just click and drag over another area. The Quick Selection tool automatically changes to the Add to selection option.

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The Polygonal Lasso tool is useful for making straight-edged selections. Choose the Polygonal Lasso tool (L). In the tool options bar, specify a selection option: New Selection, Add to Selection, Subtract from Selection, or Intersect with Selection.

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The Magic Wand Tool, known simply as the Magic Wand, is one of the oldest selection tools in Photoshop. Unlike other selection tools that select pixels in an image based on shapes or by detecting object edges, the Magic Wand selects pixels based on tone and color.

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The Lasso tool is helpful for drawing a free-form border around a selected object within an image. It allows you to soften the edges of your selection or add a feathering effect; it's also useful for anti-aliasing.

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The Healing Brush tool allows you to fix image imperfections such as scratches, blemishes, etc. By sampling the surrounding area or using a predefined pattern you can blend the imperfections into the rest of the image. The healing brush tool is located in the Photoshop Toolbox, on the left side.

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The spot healing brush is the default healing tool in Photoshop and can be used to clone areas from an image and blend the pixels from the sampled area seamlessly with the target area. The basic principle is that the texture from the sample area is blended with the color and luminosity surrounding wherever you paint.

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The Clone Stamp is effective when you need to copy exact detail and color from one part of an image to another area.

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The Patch Tool is part of the healing brush set of tools. These are the go-to tools for retouching and repairing your images. The Patch Tool is primarily used to repair larger areas of an image, or get rid of any distractions or blemishes.

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The Move tool helps you position selected content or layers when customizing your work.

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Contrast is simply defined as difference. Difference between art elements like color, value, size, texture, and so on can intensify the elements used. As a result, the elements used in a work of art can become more powerful. Although contrast is closely related with variety, it is usually considered a principle of art.

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Vibrance allows photographers to increase the intensity of muted colors while leaving saturated colors untouched. As a result, images appear much more natural and even.

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a gradation or variety of a color; tint: pale hues. the property of light by which the color of an object is classified as red, blue, green, or yellow in reference to the spectrum. color: all the hues of the rainbow. form or appearance.

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In photography and image processing, color balance is the global adjustment of the intensities of the colors. An important goal of this adjustment is to render specific colors – particularly neutral colors – correctly.

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the state or process that occurs when no more of something can be absorbed, combined with, or added.

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A scrim is a popular light modifier used by photographers and videographers to soften or diffuse light. Scrims are generally made from steel and fabric, although a variety of materials can be used.

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In photography and cinematography, a reflector is an improvised or specialised reflective surface used to redirect light towards a given subject or scene.

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APS-C cameras use a smaller area to form the image than traditional 35 mm cameras, and so lenses used on APS-C format cameras have a correspondingly narrower field of view. For example, a 28 mm lens is a wide angle lens on a traditional 35 mm camera.

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A full-frame DSLR is a digital single-lens reflex camera (DSLR) with a 35mm image sensor format (36 mm × 24 mm). Historically, 35mm was considered a small film format compared with medium format, large format and even larger.

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Crop factor is the ratio of a camera sensor's size to a 35mm film frame. Use it to calculate effective focal lengths and compare lenses between DSLRs.

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Vibration Reduction (VR) is an image stabilization technology that minimizes blur caused by camera shake

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A fisheye lens is an ultra wide-angle lens that produces strong visual distortion intended to create a wide panoramic or hemispherical image.

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A telephoto lens increases focal length. It's most commonly used to show far away objects with accurate perspective and with a level of precise detail that was once only possible with close-range photography.

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A filter paired with a prime lens will cut down the amount of light that reaches the sensor, allowing you to use slow shutter speeds even in daylight

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A macro lens is a lens that specifically allows you to focus extremely close to a subject so that it appears large in the viewfinder

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the golden hour is the period of daytime shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the sun is higher in the sky.

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The blue hour is the period of twilight when the Sun is at a significant depth below the horizon. During this time, the remaining sunlight takes on a mostly blue shade.

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A triadic color scheme, a unique variant of the split complementary color scheme, with an equal distance between all colors. All three colors are distributed evenly around the color wheel, causing there to be no clear superiority of one color.

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a multiple exposure is the superimposition of two or more exposures to create a single image, and double exposure has a corresponding meaning in respect of two images.

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multi-exposure HDR capture is a technique allowing to capture high dynamic range images by taking and then combining several different exposures of the same subject matter.

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RAW files contain uncompressed and unprocessed image data, allowing photographers to capture practically every detail they see in their viewfinder.

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Portable Network Graphics is a raster-graphics file format that supports lossless data compression.

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PSD files are the native file format of Adobe Photoshop. You've probably seen files with the . psd extension format, especially if you've been an Adobe Photoshop user. Most commonly used by designers and artists, Photoshop Documents are powerful tools for image data storage and creation.

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a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images, particularly for those images produced by digital photography.

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a standard way that information is encoded for storage in a computer file.

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SOOC is an abbreviation of the photography term “Straight Out Of Camera”, simply meaning that an image can be good enough to print straight from the camera without further processing.

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DPI refers to the number of printed dots contained within one inch of an image printed by a printer. PPI refers to the number of pixels contained within one inch of an image displayed on a computer monitor.

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refers to how many pixels are displayed per inch of an image

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refers to the relationship between its width and its height.

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the removal of unwanted outer areas from a photographic or illustrated image.

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the horizontal bar that runs underneath the Menu Bar in Photoshop.

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1. a horizontal bar, typically located at the top of the screen below the title bar, containing drop-down menus.

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the range of colors used by a particular artist or in a particular picture.

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a strip of icons used to perform certain functions.

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displays a visual representation of your workspaces,

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helps you adjust the white balance and exposure settings of images by providing a reference point

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useful function that adjusts a camera's settings to deal with unusually bright or dark scenes.

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It shows you what you have set in terms of exposure compensation and/or auto exposure bracketing. It is only shown in exposure modes that use exposure compensation or auto exposure bracketing.

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technique where a photographer takes shots of the same image using different camera settings.

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a point where light rays originating from a point on the object converge.

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a chemical process used in photography which changes the appearance of black-and-white prints to brown.

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a brief evocative description, account, or episode.

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an outstanding part of an event or period of time.

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A medium tone, one that is neither very dark nor very light.

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a dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

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Burst mode, also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode, continuous mode, or burst shot, is a shooting mode in still cameras. In burst mode, the photographer captures several photos in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down

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Panning photography freezes objects in motion in a still frame. Explore ways to pan your camera, what shutter speed to use, and other ways to add action to your shots.

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Light painting, painting with light, light drawing, or light art performance photography are terms that describe photographic techniques of moving a light source while taking a long exposure photograph

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Time-lapse photography is a technique in which the frequency at which film frames are captured is much lower than the frequency used to view the sequence. When played at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing.

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Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands

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portable device used to support, stabilize and elevate a camera, a flash unit, or other videographic or observational/measuring equipment.

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motion blur is the purposeful streaking or blurring of an object in motion in a photo for visual effect. It's a great technique for capturing movement in a still image,

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Bulb mode is simply a shutter speed option that you can select in Manual mode on your camera. It allows your shutter speed to be any length you choose: one second, one minute, 17 minutes, or anything else

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It's the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes. A fast shutter speed creates a shorter exposure — the amount of light the camera takes in — and a slow shutter speed gives the photographer a longer exposure. “Shutter speed gives you two things.

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It chooses the correct aperture and shutter speed for the light available, so your shot is correctly exposed.

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It allows the user to select a shutter speed while the camera automatically adjusts the aperture to get the correct exposure.

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allows the user to set a specific aperture value (f-number)

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manually set both the aperture and the shutter speed to any value you want

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Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot.

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In geometric optics, distortion is a deviation from rectilinear projection; a projection in which straight lines in a scene remain straight in an image.

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Barrel distortion describes a type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards (like the walls of a barrel).

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Orthographic views are two-dimensional views of three-dimensional objects. Orthographic views are created by projecting a view of an object onto a plane which is usually positioned so that it is parallel to one of the planes of the object.

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a minute area of illumination on a display screen, one of many from which an image is composed.

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a picture or relief carving on three panels, typically hinged together side by side and used as an altarpiece.

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a painting, especially an altarpiece, on two hinged wooden panels which may be closed like a book.

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the image of a person, animal, object or scene represented as a solid shape of a single colour, usually black, with its edges matching the outline of the subject.

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Chiaroscuro, in art, is the use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition.

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Ambient light can be defined as any form of light that you didn't add to your photo. ... Natural ambient light can include things like sunlight, moonlight or fireflies. On the other hand, examples of artificial ambient light include: fireplaces, candles, string lights or lamps.

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Diffused light, or soft light, is light that's filtered by something. Sunlight through a sheer curtain is diffused. Light from behind a lampshade is diffused compared to the direct light of a bare bulb. The lampshade softens and scatters the light.

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In lighting design, backlighting is the process of illuminating the subject from the back. In other words, the lighting instrument and the viewer face each other, with the subject in between.

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Positive space is any part of the photo that jumps out from its surroundings. That includes your subject, for example, along with other noteworthy areas of detail. Negative space is just the opposite

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Negative space photography is the area surrounding the main subject in a photo that is left unoccupied. Put simply, it is the space around the object itself that helps define the positive space (or main focus).

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What is the Golden Ratio in Photography? The golden ratio is a ratio of approximately 1.618 to 1. Artists have used this ratio for centuries to create works of art from paintings to architecture.

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Leading lines are lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest.

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The rule of thirds is a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open. While there are other forms of composition, the rule of thirds generally leads to compelling and well-composed shots.

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Copyright protects original work, whereas a trademark protects items that distinguish or identify a particular business from another. Copyright is generated automatically upon the creation of original work, whereas a trademark is established through common use of a mark in the course of business.

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Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions. Objective: (of a person or their judgement) not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts.

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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.