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Gradients, also known as color transitions, are a gradual blending from one color to another color

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A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similarities in form, style, or subject matter.

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The standard photographic film format for analog single lens reflex (SLR) still cameras and motion picture cameras.

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A twin-lens reflex camera is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens", while the other is used for the viewfinder system.

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A camera obscura is a darkened room with a small hole or lens at one side through which an image is projected onto a wall or table opposite the hole.

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The gelatin silver process is the most commonly used chemical process in black-and-white photography, and is the fundamental chemical process for modern analog color photography.

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a keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection

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a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.

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a room or building for the display or sale of works of art.

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a building in which objects of historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural interest are stored and exhibited.

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A photographic studio is often a business owned and represented by one or more photographers, possibly accompanied by assistants and pupils, who create and sell their own and sometimes others’ photographs.

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A point that’s described by its place in space. Lines can be thick,thin,vertical,diagonal, squigly.

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An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to height and width.

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An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses volume; includes height, width AND depth (as in a cube, a sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). Form may also be free flowing.

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The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway between these extremes is called middle gray.

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An element of art by which positive and negative areas are defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art .

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An element of art made up of three properties: hue, value, and intensity.

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An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look as if they might feel if touched.

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Balance is how the elements within a composition are arranged either symmetrically, asymmetrically, or radially to create the impression of equality in weight or importance.

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Pattern is the repetition of specific visual elements such as a single unit or multitude of forms.

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Variety is about varying elements and objects in your image, to avoid making them boring.

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Proportion is the relationship of two or more elements in a design and how they compare with one another.

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But movement as a principle of design is about the movement of a viewer’s eye across a work.

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Unity is the principle of design that unifies all other principles within a piece of work

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Emphasis is the part of the design that catches the viewer's attention.

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symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower.

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the quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis.

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existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete existence.

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the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect.

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lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something; lack of symmetry.

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The phrase cool color is used to describe any color that is calm or soothing in nature. Cool colors are not overpowering and tend to recede in space.

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the general idea is the warm colors are Red, Orange and Yellow

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neutral means without color. Neutrals such as beige, ivory, taupe, black, gray, and shades of white appear to be without color, but in many applications these hues often have undertones.

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are pairs of colours that contrast with each other more than any other colour, and when placed side-by-side make each other look brighter.

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Monochrome means one colour, so in relation to art, a monochrome artwork is one that includes only one colour.

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Constructive criticism focuses on providing constructive feedback, supported by specific examples, to help you improve in some area.

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the practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

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relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these

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AICPA® & CIMA® is the most influential body of accountants and finance experts in the world, with 689,000 members, students and engaged professionals globally. We advocate for the profession, the public interest and business sustainability.

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Use subjective when you're talking about an opinion or feeling that is based on an individual's perspective or preferences. Use objective when you're talking about something—like an assessment, decision, or report—that's unbiased and based solely on the observable or verifiable facts.

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Copyright protects original work, whereas a trademark protects items that distinguish or identify a particular business from another.

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The rule of thirds is a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open.

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Leading lines are lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest.

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The golden ratio is a ratio of approximately 1.618 to 1. Artists have used this ratio for centuries to create works of art from paintings to architecture.

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Negative space photography is the area surrounding the main subject in a photo that is left unoccupied.

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Positive space is any part of the photo that jumps out from its surroundings. That includes your subject, for example, along with other noteworthy areas of detail.

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backlighting is the process of illuminating the subject from the back. In other words, the lighting instrument and the viewer face each other, with the subject in between.

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a painting, especially an altarpiece, on two hinged wooden panels which may be closed like a book.

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a picture or relief carving on three panels, typically hinged together side by side and used as an altarpiece.

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Orthographic views are two-dimensional views of three-dimensional objects. Orthographic views are created by projecting a view of an object onto a plane which is usually positioned so that it is parallel to one of the planes of the object.

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Barrel distortion describes a type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards (like the walls of a barrel).

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istortion (as by an optical instrument or television receiver) in which the image of a straight line appears to be curved convexly toward the axis — compare barrel distortion.

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ISO is simply a camera setting that will brighten or darken a photo. As you increase your ISO number, your photos will grow progressively brighter. For that reason, ISO can help you capture images in darker environments, or be more flexible about your aperture and shutter speed settings

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Film. The ASA (American Standards Association) scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light.

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An image sensor or imager is a sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image. It does so by converting the variable attenuation of light waves into signals, small bursts of current that convey the information.

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Film grain or granularity is the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons.

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Image noise is random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise.

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Aperture can be defined as the opening in a lens through which light passes to enter the camera. It is expressed in f-numbers like f/1.4, f/2

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The f-stop is the "aperture" opening of a camera lens, which allows light to come in. It also determines how much is in focus in front of and behind the subject (see depth of field).

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the visual quality of the out-of-focus areas of a photographic image, especially as rendered by a particular lens.

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Lens focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be.

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For many cameras, depth of field is the distance between the nearest and the farthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image. The depth of field can be calculated based on focal length, distance to subject, the acceptable circle of confusion size, and aperture.

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Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot. All you need to do is point and shoot.

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full manual control of Aperture and Shutter Speed. In this mode, you can manually set both the aperture and the shutter speed to any value you want –

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is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure

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a setting on some cameras that allows the user to choose a specific shutter speed while the camera adjusts the aperture to ensure correct exposure.

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Program mode refers to the fact that you can fiddle with the shutter speed and aperture combo. Whether you choose Auto or Program, the camera chooses an aperture and shutter speed combination that will give you a good exposure

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n photography, shutter speed or exposure time is the length of time that the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light when taking a photograph

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The Bulb setting on camera shutters is a momentary-action mode that holds shutters open for as long as a photographer depresses the shutter-release button.

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Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, due to rapid movement or long exposure

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Both a tripod and monopod are accessories designed to support a camera — where the two differ are the legs. A tripod has three legs (that's the “tri”). A monopod is a camera support that has one leg (that's the “mono”).

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Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images.

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Long-exposure, time-exposure, or slow-shutter photography involves using a long-duration shutter speed to sharply capture the stationary elements of images while blurring, smearing, or obscuring the moving elements.

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Time-lapse photography is a technique in which the frequency at which film frames are captured is much lower than the frequency used to view the sequence. When played at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing.

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Light painting, painting with light, light drawing, or light art performance photography are terms that describe photographic techniques of moving a light source while taking a long exposure photograph

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Panning photography freezes objects in motion in a still frame. Explore ways to pan your camera, what shutter speed to use, and other ways to add action to your shots.

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Burst mode, also called continuous shooting mode, sports mode, continuous mode, or burst shot, is a shooting mode in still cameras. In burst mode, the photographer captures several photos in quick succession by either pressing the shutter button or holding it down.

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Spot metering allows the camera to measure the light reflected from the person's face and expose properly for that, instead of adjusting exposure for the much brighter light around the hairline.

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Partial Metering is a camera-metering mode in which the metering is weighted at the center of the viewfinder (unlike center-weighted in which the camera averages the exposure based on the reading at the center)

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Center weighted metering is a camera metering mode. ... For example, if you are shooting a natural light portrait and have placed your subject in the center of the frame, the camera will determine the correct exposure for their face while placing a significantly lesser importance on the background.

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Evaluative metering is the default metering mode on most cameras. It ensures that the camera will automatically adjust to the right exposure setting even when the ambient lighting shows greater contrast.

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By definition 18% gray is the “mid-point between black and white on a logarithmic or exponential curve.” Think of it this way; it is simply halfway between black and white. ... Interestingly enough, 18% gray cards will reflect the equal amount of light that they receive

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Shadow photography is also defined as the manipulation of the light source, exposure of the shadow to add or remove darkness from the image, and the increased dramatic depth of a photo.

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all luminance values that are not dark or light are considered to be mid-tones

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Highlights are the lightest elements in an image, whereas shadows are the darkest areas. Dynamic range is the ratio between those vivid highlights and dark shadows, from bright white to pure black.

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A vignette is a darker border - sometimes as a blur or a shadow - at the periphery of photos

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Sepia toning is a specialized treatment to give a black-and-white photographic print a warmer tone and to enhance its archival qualities.

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An AF point is a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something. When looking through the viewfinder,

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Bracketing is a technique where a photographer takes shots of the same image using different camera settings.

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More specifically, it's the amount of light that reaches the film or camera sensor when a picture is being taken.

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Exposure compensation is used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera, making photographs brighter or darker

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In simpler language, white balance in digital photography means adjusting colors so that the image looks more natural. We go through the process of adjusting colors to primarily get rid of color casts, in order to try to resemble the colors in our images with reality.

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A workspace is a preset layout for the various elements that make up Photoshop's interface. Workspaces determine which of Photoshop's panels are displayed on your screen and how those panels are arranged. A workspace can also change which tools are available in the Toolbar and how the Toolbar is organized.

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The toolbar is where Photoshop holds the many tools we have to work with. There are tools for making selections, for cropping and retouching images, for adding shapes and type, and many more

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Palettes are groups of tools used to edit and manipulate your image. Photoshop contains over two dozen palettes that can be shown or hidden by using the Window menu and selecting the palette you wish to reveal

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One of the basic elements of Adobe Photoshop is the menu bar, located at the very top of the program. The menu bar is used to open and save files, adjust the canvas size, access some of the editing tools, open and close various windows, and more

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The options bar is used to choose settings for each tool (e.g., opacity, fade distance, blending mode). Options on the bar change depending on which tool is currently chosen, and your choices will remain in effect until you change them

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Crop can be defined as “to trim” or “cut back”. The Crop tool in most image processing programs is used to trim off the outside edges of a digital image. ... Photographers have historically cropped images to direct the viewer's eye to a particular subset of a larger image.

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In photography, aspect ratio represents the relationship between the width and the height of an image. It can be expressed as a number followed ..

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Image resolution is the detail an image holds. The term applies to digital images, film images, and other types of images. Higher resolution means more image detail. Image resolution can be measured in various ways. Resolution quantifies how close lines can be to each other and still be visibly resolved.

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DPI refers to the number of printed dots contained within one inch of an image printed by a printer. PPI refers to the number of pixels contained within one inch of an image displayed on a computer monitor.