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Unit 10 - Data Presentation and Ethical Considerations

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Unit 10 - Data Presentation and Ethical Considerations

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The nature of the research report is dependent on the audience for whom it is intended. The main components of a research report are the abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, theoretical framework, results and findings, discussion, conclusion, references and appendix. Tables and graphs included in the research report must be easily understood with self-explanatory titles and should only be used to support points made in the text. The reviewing of other researchers' work assists in the planning of a research project since it contributes to the knowledge base of a subject area and will also assist in the presentation of data in a format that is of a high standard. When it comes to ethics, there are four main groupings of ethical considerations which researchers need to consider when carrying out research on subjects.  These groupings are harm, privacy, consent and deception.  In addition, when communicating research results, it is imperative that researchers steer clear of plagiarism, which is the presentation of someone else's work as one's own, without the acknowledgment of the the information source.

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A population for purpose of research is defined as the aggregate of a collective of interest, given a specific research problem. The target population, the frame population and the survey population are three ways of looking at the population in the context of research. Non-coverage in terms of population types refers to a situation where the potential sample elements are missing from the frame population. The non-response occurs when selected sample elements do not yield data as expected. When choosing a sample, it is vital that the sample be representative of the population from which it is drawn. The population parameter refers to measures used to describe the distribution of the population of interest. The sample statistic refers to the measure used to describe the distribution of the sample of interest and is then used to estimate the population parameter. Sampling error refers to the discrepancy betweena sample estimate of a population parameter and the real population parameter. Since sampling error is expected in research, a way to make inferences of a population from the characteristics of a sample is in sampling distribution. Sampling distribution is based on the premise that all possible samples of the same fixed size can be drawn from the population. In order to limit sampling error size, the researcher could increase the sample size and pay attention to sample selection. An element refers to individual persons, objects or events that make up the population of interest. Sampling units are the elements or groups of elements that form the basis for sample selection. Unit of analysis is the unit for which data are to be obtained.

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Unit 2 - The Nature and Scope of Survey Research

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Unit 2 - The Nature and Scope of Survey Research

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Unit 2 - The Nature and Scope of Survey Research