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Parliament invited William of Orange to overthrow James.When William led his army to London in 1688,James fled to France.The overthrow of James II is called the glorius revolution.
William of Orange was offered the crown provided he accept the bill of rights that limited his power.Parlamentary monarchy was born.

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James II became king,he was a catholic and appointed several catholics to high office.
When parliament protested,James II dissolved it.

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The leader of the republic,Oliver Cromwell,became a dictator.When he died in 1660,the monarchy was restored and Charles II was crowned.
Charles II had to accept the power of the parliament.
In 1679 the habeas corpus at was passed.This meant the everyone was entitled to a fair trial.
In 1685 Charles II died.

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However in 1642,king Charles I tried to rule without parliament.Resistance by those who oppposed the intentions of the king led the country in to civil war.On the one sidethere were the supportes of parlament ans on the other,the absolute monarchy.
In 1649,king Charles I was excuted and a republic was proclaimed.

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Since medieval time in England,the power of the monarch had limited by the english parliament. It had two houses of representatives. One of them was made up of the nobility ande the clergy,and was called the home of lords.The other was made up of the bourgeoise ans was calle the house of commons.
Whenever the monarchy wished to approve new taxes or declare the war against another country,both houses had to meet and be consulted