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Erwin Schrödinger- Electron Cloud Model 1926 A.D.

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Erwin Schrödinger- Electron Cloud Model 1926 A.D.

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After Bohr's model came out science kept advancing and the Quantum Theory developed by Einstein took part into developing the most modern model of the atom. The theory states that electrons have properties of waves and particles and properties of neither. Schrödinger used this theory to determine that the location and momentum of an electron could not be determined therefore one's location would be a matter of probability. The model that was thereafter created shows the nucleus of an atom surrounded by a cloud of electrons. The denser parts of the cloud are where electrons would be more likely to be found and the less dense would mean less likely.

Out of this world Fun Fact: There is a crater on the dark side of the moon named after him.

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum_pudding_model
http://www.softschools.com/facts/scientists/jj_thomson_facts/1605/
http://thomsonjj.weebly.com/uploads/2/4/2/6/24265633/2641466_orig.jpg
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particle
http://study.com/cimages/multimages/16/rutherford_atom_4.jpg
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https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/09/149209-004-E4AA2D63.jpg
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http://www.buzzle.com/images/diagrams/atom-diagram/electron-cloud-model.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/Schrodinger_crater.gif

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Niels Bohr traveled to England to study with Rutherford and go more into depth with his gold foil experiment. He derived a theory of the position of electrons based on calculations of the proportions of alpha particles that went through the foil, were slightly deflected, and those that shot straight back. This investigation was inspired by Einstein's and Max Planck's mathematical representation of an atom. The Bohr Model he developed shows the nucleus in the center of an atom and different rings around it laced with different numbers of electrons depending on the element represented.

Not too Bohring Fun Fact: Bohr moved to America during the rise of the Nazi's and was an advisor to the Manhattan Project

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Ernest Rutherford- Nuclear Model 1911 A.D.

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Ernest Rutherford- Nuclear Model 1911 A.D.

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Earnest Rutherford took Thomson's theory and put it to the test with the Geiger–Marsden experiment. The experiment took alpha particles which were produced by the decay of radium and aimed them at a thin piece of gold foil. According to Thomson's theory all of the particles should've passed through the tin foil. However, Rutherford looked for particles with high deflection angles and found them but they were very scarce. This led him to believe that there was a very small positively charged piece of an atom surrounded by negatively charged electrons which he called the nucleus. He also theorized that the majority of an atom's mass resided in the nucleus of the atom. In his model a center positively charged nucleus is shown with negatively charged electrons orbiting around it.

Nobel Noble Fun Fact: Rutherford was knighted in 1914and is one of the only scientists who's most famous work came after earning the nobel prize.

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Scientists at the time such as Thomson began using discharge tubes to create cathode rays which created light through negatively charged particles. Thomson then measured the heat of the cathode rays to find the mass of the particles that created the light and found that they were 1000 times lighter than the mass of hydrogen. This led to his discovery of corpuscles or as we call them today, electrons. However, since these "corpuscles" were negatively charged he ended up with the theory that the electrons themselves occupy a positively charged space which causes atoms to be neutral. In his model, the positively charged area was represented as the cake of plum pudding and the electrons inside were the bits of fruit randomly floating in the pudding.

Mole-Cool Fun Fact: Thomson was admitted to Owens College at the young age of fourteen.

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John Dalton expanded on Democritus's theory that all atoms are indivisible and added that each atom of an element had a certain weight. So, all hydrogen atoms have the same weight and all oxygen atoms have the same weight but the weights of all elements are different. This led to him creating a "Table of Atomic Weights." As well as this, Dalton theorized that atoms never transformed into different types of atoms and they all had the same shape of a sphere. To support all of his claims, Dalton  used evidence from all of his experiments done as a chemist and teacher.

Suspicious Snow Fun Fact: Dalton was colorblind and could only see yellow.

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Leucipis and Democritus came up with the theory that if you cut something up enough times, you would eventually get to a particle that was not cuttable. They called this particle atoms meaning indivisible and concluded that there were infinite types of atoms with different shapes and sizes depending on the material they created. For example, iron was made up with hard particles with hooks that linked to one another forming a strong bond.

Valuable Values Fun Fact: Democritus is also know as the laughing philosopher due to his strong belief in the value of cheerfulness.