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For a protein, when a single incorrect amino acid fully changes or alters how the protein functions, it can then result in the blood cells to be misshapen. This can cause sickle cell anemia

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A rare genetic disorder of duplication is Pallister Killian syndrome

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A child can be born with translocation chromosome, which can result the child in having down syndrome also known as translocation down syndrome

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An example would be x-rays, ultra violet, etc all have high energy radiations. They are known to be extremely damaging because it can ripe through DNA molecules, which then causes point mutation a big portion of its chromosome

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A disease that is caused by a single point mutation is sickle cell anemia

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- The nucleus in the cell has a induce mutation
- They are a important tool for mutagenesis in many different of organisms
- Chemicals that can cause mutations:
>Mutagens
>Carcinogens
>Flame Retardants
>Hair dyes
>Hydrocarbons, Halogenated
>Fury Furamide
>Ethylene Dibromide DNA

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- This mutagen is a form of a physical substance and is responsible of physically change a structure of DNA. It is also like a short wave rays which then will penetrate through a living cell and the end results alter genetic material

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- In this mutation, one or more copies of a gene is produced. This occurs when a sequence is repeated and this is the gene sequence

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- In this mutation, when the chromosome fails to separate it can cause gamete which can lead to having many or few chromosomes. This all occurs in the meiosis

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- This mutation consists of two chromosomes that are not homologous, parts of the chromosome are transferred to one another
- This sorta rearrangement can be known as a balanced
- When there is a loss or a gain of the genetic material, this is known as being unbalanced

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- In inversion mutation the segments break off from the chromosome. This then flips the segment around backwards then reattaches.

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- In the DNA replication a chromosome or a sequence of DNA is then left out. In a single base, any amount of nucleotides can be removed.
- In the chromosome a piece of it is lost due to breakage

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- A change of a single nucleotide, that consists of insertion, deletion, or a substitution of one nucleotide in a gene

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- Introduction of stop codon leads this mutation to have a shortened protein

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- Missense mutation function is that changes are made to the amino acid due to the fact  in the protein the wrong amino acid is being incorporated.

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- Due to DNA redundancy, mutation will not change the amino acid sequence. The result is that the protein is still functional
- For amino acid, plenty of codons may code, but this does not lead to any changes in protein

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- It is a genetic mutation that is caused by insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides, that is not divisible by three
- This occurs to the nucleotides that has caused a shift in the reading frame